• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.1267-1274
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• 2004

Colostrum contains various kinds of cytokines including TGF-$\beta$ that has potent regulatory effects on cells of the immune system. We compared the levels of TGF-$\beta$1 and TGF-$\beta$2 in bovine and human colostrum. Based on the isoform-specific ELISA, bovine colostrum collected on day 1 post-delivery retained $53.71{\pm}29.55\;ng/ml$ of TGF-$\beta$1 and $40.41{\pm}21.78\;{\mu}g/ml$ of TGF-$\beta$2 (n=4), while in human, $381.45{\pm}158.24\;ng/ml$ of TGF-$\beta$1 and $41.47{\pm}9.63\;ng/ml$ of TGF-$\beta$2 (n=5). Thus, dominant TGF-$\beta$ isoforms were completely opposite between human and bovine colostrum samples. The concentrations of both isoforms declined as lactation proceeded. Biological activities of the colostrum samples were determined using an MV1LU cell line. Consistent with the result from the immunoassay, TGF-$\beta$1 in human and TGF-$\beta$2 in bovine colostrum were responsible for the anti proliferative activity against MV1LU cells. Furthermore, bovine colostrum increased IgA secretion by LPS-stimulated mesenteric lymph node (MLN) cells, and this effect was abrogated by either anti­TGF-$\beta$2 antibody or combined anti-TGF-$\beta$1/$\beta$2 antibody, but not by anti- TGF-$\beta$1 antibody alone. Similarly, TGF-$\beta$2 in bovine colostrum enhanced the Ig germ line (GL) promoter activity, which is the earliest event toward IgA isotype switching. Taken together, these results suggest that TGF-$\beta$ isoforms, differentially expressed in human and bovine colostrum, may promote IgA isotype production in the neonatal intestine.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.186-190
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• 2000

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to observe the salivary immunoglobulin level in whole saliva of infected patients and also to investigate the changes of immunoglobulin level according to its management. Materials & Methods : Thirty infected patients who have been admitted to the dept. of oral and maxillofacial surgery of Pusan National University Hospital have been selected as subjects and we analysed the changes of immunoglobulin level of $1.5{\sim}3.0ml$ of unstimulated whole saliva collected throughout four times; the day before treatment, the first day after treatment, the third day after treatment and the day before discharge. We also compared them with immunoglobulins in whole saliva that was collected from 4 normal persons as control group. In radial immunodiffusion technique with BACKMAN(Array 360 system, McLean, USA), level of immunoglobulins was analyzed. Results : The isotypes of Ig that have been found in saliva of normal persons were IgG, IgA, IgM and IgE and their mean level was 8.23, 36.41, 4.38, and 2.38 respectively. In the infected patients before the treatment, the level of IgG, IgA was remarkably higher than that of normal persons, however we could not find the difference on the level of IgM, IgE. As the infection was healing, the level of IgG, IgA was decresing significantly.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2004

Beevenom immunotherapy(BVIT) in allergic patients is a well-established treatment modality for the prevention of systemic anaphylactic reactions caused by insect stings. BVIT is accompanied by increases in allergen-specific IgG, particularly the IgG4 isotype, which blocks not only IgE-dependent histamine release from basophils but also IgE-mediated antigen presentation to T cells. Inhibition of T cells after BVIT also involves decreased induction of the costimulatory molecule ICOS, which, in turn, seems to be dependent on the presence of IL-10, also associated with the inhibited status of T cells after BVIT. Suppression of T cells by IL-10 is an active process, which depends on the expression and participation of CD28. Immune tolerance in specific allergen immunotherapy might be a consequence of decreased Th2 or increased Th1 response of allergen specific T lymphocytes. BVIT shifted cytokine responses to allergen from a TH-2 to a TH-1 dominant pattern, suggesting direct effects on T cells. Many studies showed that severe side effects due to venom immunotherapy are rare. These results suggest that immunological changes after BVIT may be applied to be therapeutic alternative of general allergic diseases including beevenom allergy.

• 한국동물번식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물번식학회 2002년도 춘계학술발표대회 발표논문초록집
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• pp.22-22
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• 2002

Identification of spermatogonial stern cell-specific surface molecules is important in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the maintenance and differentiation of these cells. We have found that spermatogonia from busulfan treated mice expressed an autoantigen that distinguishes between undifferentiated and differentiated spermatogonia. Four to six weeks after busulfan treatment, germ cells located in the basal compartment of seminiferous epithelium show isotype-specific IgG deposits that form due to autoimmunity. (omitted)

• Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.304-312
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• 2023

Purpose: Due to the many problems with commercially available vaccines, the production of effective vaccines against brucellosis is a necessity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immune responses caused by the chimeric protein consisting of trigger factor, Bp26, and Omp31 (TBO) along with aluminum hydroxide (AH/TBO) and selenium (Se/TBO) nanoparticles (NPs) as adjuvants in mouse model. Materials and Methods: Recombinant antigen expression was induced in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) bacteria using IPTG (isopropyl-d-1-thiogalactopyranoside). Purification and characterization of recombinant protein was conducted through NiFe₃O₄ NPs, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and Western blot. NP characteristics, including morphology and particle size, were measured in vitro. The recombinant TBO was loaded on to AH and Se NPs and were administered subcutaneously. After mice immunization, measurement of antibody titter and protection assay was performed. Results: The average sizes of AH and Se NPs were about 60 nm and 150 nm, respectively. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results showed that the serum of mice immunized by subcutaneous injection with both nanovaccines produced significant immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses against the chimeric antigen. The results of TBO-specific IgG isotype (IgG2a/IgG1) analysis showed that both AH and Se NPs induced a type to T-helper immune response. In addition, the results of the challenge with the pathogenic strain of Brucella melitensis 16M showed that vaccinated mice with AH/TBO NPs indicated a higher reduction of bacterial culture than immunized mice with Se/TBO NPs and TBO alone. Conclusion: The results showed that AH NPs carrying chimeric antigen can be a promising vaccine candidate against brucellosis by producing protective immunity.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.265-269
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• 2011

뽕잎으로부터 분리한 H. pylori 억제물질이 건강기능식품으로 산업화되기 위하여 이들 유용성분이 생체 내에서 약리성을 가지는지 여부를 검토하였다. 청목노상으로부터 분리한 혼합물은 $200{\mu}g/100{\mu}L$의 농도에서 H. pylori에 대한 저해 clear zone을 형성하여 항균활성을 나타내었고, C57BL/6종 mouse에 H. pylori의 감염을 유도 한 결과 6주 이상이 되어야 H. pylori의 감염이 되는 것을 확인하였으며, 이 때 감염균수는 평균 $8{\times}10^5$ CFU/mL이었다. 경구투여를 통해 청목노상뽕잎에서 추출한 유효성분의 혼합물이 H. pylori 감염에 있어 예방 및 치료 효과를 갖는지 시험한 결과, 절개된 위속의 H. pylori colony 수가 약물투여 군에서 대조군에 비해 감소한 것을 확인하였다. 마우스의 혈청을 분리하여 immunoglobulin isotype을 측정한 결과, 대조군 보다 IgG1, IgA 등이 높게 생성되는 것이 확인되었고, 시료 혼합물에 의해 항체생성이 증가되어 H. pylori 감염을 억제하는 것으로 판단되었다. 이러한 결과로 뽕잎에서 추출한 유용성분인 caffeic acid, rosemarinic acid와 chlorogenic acid가 H. pylori의 감염에 있어서 예방 또는 치료효과가 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 따라서 H. pylori에 의해 유발되고 감염률이 증가되고 있는 위염, 위궤양, 위암의 예방과 치료가 가능할 것으로 판단되었다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.164-168
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• 1999

TGF-$\beta$1은 LPS 로 자극시킨 마우스의 spleen B cell 의 IgA와 IgG2b의 항체 합성을 선택적으로 증가시킨다고 알려져있다. 본 연구에서는 TGF-$\beta$1과 80%의 아미노산을 공유하는 TGF-$\beta$3가 마우스 spleen B cell 과 mesenteric lymph node B cell의 항체 합성에 미치는 영향을 IL-5와 함께 조사하였다. LPS로 활성화된 spleen B cell 에 TGF-$\beta$3만을 처리한 조건에서 IgA 항체합성이 약간 증가하였고, IL-5와 함께 넣어 준 배양조건에서는 IgA 항체가 현격히 증가하였다 IgG2b 합성의 증가는 TGF-$\beta$3 자극만으로도 가능하였고 IgA 와는 달리 IL-5 의 첨가 효과는 관찰되지 않았다. 한편, TGF-$\beta$3는 IgM 과 IgG1 항체 합성을 감소시켰고, IL-5와 함께 존재한 경우에도 의미있는 합성 증가는 볼 수 없었다. ELISPOT assay로 IgA 합성 세포수의 변화를 조사해본 결과, TGF-$\beta$3 단독으로도 IgA 합성세포수를 증가시켰으며, 이때 IL-5가 존재하였을 때 세포수가 조금 더 증가하였다. 이상의 결과는 TGF-$\beta$3가 약간의 차이는 있지만 TGF-$\beta$1과 유사하게 항체합성 패턴에 영향을 미침을 보여준다. 마지막으로, TGF-$\beta$3과 IL-5에 대한 MLN B cell 의 IgA와 IgG2b 항체합성 패턴은 spleen B cell 과 비슷하였다. 그러나 MLN B cell 의 IgG1 항체 합성은 spleen B cell과는 달리 TGF-$\beta$3에 의해 증가하였다. 본 실험의 결과는 전반적으로 TGF-$\beta$3가 TGF-$\beta$1과 비슷한 정도로 마우스 B cell의 항체합성에 영향을 미침을 보여준다. 그렇지만, 생체 내에서TGF-$\beta$3의 발현조절이 TGF-$\beta$1과 다를 것으로 예상됨으로 과연 TGF-$\beta$3가 B cell 분화에서 중요한 조절인자로 작용할지는 좀 더 연구되어야 할 것이다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.625-635
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• 2004

Trichnuris suis does not excrete eggs during larval stage as well as in particular adult stage, It is impossible to diagnose by use of fecal examination method in those periods. Therefore, serological diagnostic method can be very useful for those stages. In order to produce monoclonal antibody, specific somatic and secretory-excretory (SE) antigens of T. suis were identified and analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. Monoclonal antibody-producing hybridoma cells were cloned, which were made of popliteal lymph node of BALB/c mice immunized with a 45 kDa somatic antigen of T. suis. Five clones (1B9, 2C4, n2C5, 2D7 and 2D8) showing strong responses to T. suis antigens were selected and the isotype identified. All monoclonal antibodies were IgG1 isotype and the light chains were k chain. Established monoclonal antibodies reacted specifically to somatic and SE antigens of T. suis and did not cross-reacted to antigens of ascaris suum, trichuris vulpis, or Trichinella spiralis. The sensitivity of somatic and SE antigens against these monoclonal antibodies were significant (p<0.01) associated with those of positive and negative sera.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.287-293
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• 2007

The identification and characterization of antigens that elicit human T cell responses is an important step toward understanding of Leishmania major infection and ultimately in the development of a vaccine. Micropreparative SDS-PAGE followed by electro transfer to a PVDF membrane and elution of proteins from the PVDF, was used to separate 2 novel proteins from L. major promastigotes, which can induce antibodies of the IgG2a isotype in mice and also are recognized by antisera of recovered human cutaneous leishmaniasis subjects. Fractionation of the crude extract of L. major revealed that all detectable proteins of interest were present within the soluble Leishmania antigens (SLA). Quantitation of these proteins showed that their expression in promastigotes is relatively very low. Considering the molecular weight, immunoreactivity, chromatographic and electrophoretic behavior in reducing and non-reducing conditions, these proteins are probably 2 isoforms of a single protein. A digest of these proteins was resolved on Tricine-SDS-PAGE and immunoreactive fragments were identified by human sera. Two immunoreactive fragments (36.4 and 34.8 kDa) were only generated by endoproteinase Glu-C treatment. These immunoreactive fragments or their parent molecules may be ideal candidates for incorporation in a cocktail vaccine against cutaneous leishmaniasis.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.112-124
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• 2002

2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) has been reported to exert detrimental toxicities on various organ systems including reproductive, cardiovascular, nervous, or dermal system. Immunomodulatory effects of TCDD is thymic atrophy, downregulation of cytotoxic T or B lymphocyte differentiation and activation, which were demonstrated using experimental animals, whereas immunotoxicity in human has not been investigated well. This study was proceeded to evaluate general immunologic spectrum of the Korean Vietnam War veterans exposed to TCDD during their operation, and compare with that of the non-exposed control subjects with similar age. Regarding composition and quantity, immune cells in peripheral blood collected from the TCDD-exposed was not much different from those of the control except decreased red blood cell, hemoglobin and hematocrit level. Furthermore, plasma IgG2, G3, and G4 isotype distribution was similar between two groups, but IgG1 level was significantly lowered in the TCDD-exposed, indicating a TCDD-mediated functional alteration of B cells. Significantly enhanced level of IgE in plasma, a hallmark of dermal or respiratory allergic response, was also observed in the TCDD-exposed compared with that of the control. Elevated generation of IL-4 and IL-10 was resulted from in vitro stimulation of T cells with PMA plus ionomycin or PHA, respectively, from the TCDD-exposed in comparison to those of the control, suggesting a skewed type-2 response. In addition, the level of IFN${\gamma}$, a multifunctional cytokine for T cell-mediated immunity, was lowered in the TCDD-exposed with upregulation of tumor necrosis factor $\alpha$. The present study suggests that TCDD exposure disturbs immunohomeostasis in humans observed as an aberrant plasma IgE and IgG1 levels and dysregulation of T cell activities.