• Korean Medical Education Review
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.75-79
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• 2021

In modern society, doctors are a representative example of professionals-that is, doctors are members of an occupation with high barriers to entry. For doctors, long-term education, training, and licensing are factors that make it difficult to enter medical practice. These external characteristics, which have mainly arisen in the modern era, play an important part in the professional identity of doctors. Nonetheless, the core of the doctor's identity is the identity of the healer. In today's Korean society, the universal identity of doctors as healers results from a combination of the special historical identity of professionals with high entry barriers. Korean society currently demands a high level of ethical awareness from doctors. These demands are partly derived from the nature of the practice of medical care, but they also reflect demands for strong social responsibility as professionals. It is difficult to cultivate professional ethics simply by imposing legitimate virtues, presenting an ideal model, or emphasizing moral education that is not fully realistic. A deep-rooted sense of professional ethics stems from a clear awareness of professional identity. Education plays an important role in the formation and awareness of doctors' professional identity, and various types of content and methods can be used in education. However, since the identity of an entity is formed through the process of historical experience, it is thought that the historical process of the formation of doctors as a profession should be included as an important part of education.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.87-96
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• 2013

This study confirmed that a doctor named Lee, Seok-gan whose name has been widely known but whose real identity has remained unclear, was an active Confucian doctor in the 16th century. In addition, through the newly discovered "Daeyakbu" among his family line, writings, and relics that have been handed down in a family, this study looked into his medical philosophy and medicine culture. The author of "Ieseokgangyeongheombang"(Medical Book by Lee, Seok-gan(李石澗), Seok-gan is the same person as an active famous doctor Lee, Seok-gan(李碩幹, 1509-1574) in the 16th century. Such a fact can be confirmed through "Samuiilheombang", "Sauigyeongheombang" and the newly opened "Ieseokgangyeongheombang". Lee, Seok-gan was born in the 4th ruling year of king Jungjong (1509) and was active as a doctor until the 7th ruling year of king Seonjo(1547); his first name is Jungim with the pen name-Chodang, and he used a doctor name of 'Seokgan.' He was known as a divine doctor, and there have been left lots of anecdotes in relation with Lee, Seok-gan. Legend has it that Seokgan went to China to give treatment to the empress, and a heavenly peach pattern drinking cup and a house, which the emperor bestowed on Seokgan in return for his great services, still have remained up to the present. Usually, Seokgan interacted with Toegye Lee Hwang and his literary persons, and with his excellent medical skills, Seokgan once gave treatment to Toegye at the time of his death free of charge. His medical skills have been handed down in his family, and his descendant Lee, Ui-tae(around 1700) compiled a medical book titled "Gyeongheombangwhipyeon(經驗方彙編)". Out of Lee, Seok-gan's keepsakes which were donated to Sosu museums by his descendant family, 4 sorts of 'Gwabu'(writings of fruit trees) including "Daeyakbu" were discovered. It's rare to find a literary work left by a medical figure like this, so these discoveries have a deep meaning even from a medicine culture level. Particularly, "Daeyakbu" includes the typical "Uigukron". The "Uigukron", which develops its story by contrasting politics with medicine, has a unique writing style as one of the representative explanatory methods of scholars' position during the Joseon Dynasty; in addition, the distinctive feature of "Uigukron" is that it was created in the form of 'Gabu' other than a prose.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.29 no.2 s.53
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• pp.265-278
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• 1996

This paper concerns professional socialization of medical students. Professional socialization, in the context of this paper, means the process through which a layperson becomes a doctor equipped with professional identity and values. While medical education does not include such process in the curriculum, medical students obtain certain values and identity informally. The dependent variables were professional values and professionalism. The former means the desirable attributes required to conducting professional works such as humane attitudes, science-oriented mind, capability for organizational management. The latter means socio-political reasoning with which doctors can rationalize their privileges such as autonomy. A specially designed questionnaire was developed. The data were collected from five medical schools for 1,318 students in 1994. A total of 1,070 cases were finally included in the statistical analysis. The students emphasized the human factor in the professional values. Their attitude did not change with the grade. Other independent variables such as motives for entering a medical school, socioeconomic status, satisfaction with medical education, etc. also did not influence professinal values. It implies that professional values were not consolidated among the students. However, the factors of professionalism change significantly with the grade. It implies that the students paid more attention to socio-political issues related to doctor's interests as the grade went up. And the factor scores for professionalism were higher for those students who had more positive attitude towards doing medical practice for profit, expected higher income, and were more conservative about social reform. Other independent variables did not influence professionalism. It seems that the students also give emphasis on professionalism, like current medical doctors, mainly because of their concern with recent unfavorable changes in economic conditions of medical care providers.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.195-198
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• 2006

The identity crisis of preventive medicine appears to have been deepening. As a solution, it is insisted that preventive medicine should focus on clinical preventive medicine. However, in the field of heath policy and management, the better solution should be found in a serious search for visions and perspectives of its study on population and society. In this regard, the specialist who studies the field can be defined as a medical doctor majoring in public health. In this paper, I first forecasted major socioeconomic changes to occur in medical and public health arena and explored the role of those studying health policy and management. Secondly, I summarized their career paths and main activities in order to establish visions. Finally, I proposed curriculums on health policy and management for medical school undergraduates and for specialists majoring in preventive medicine, respectively.

• 대한상한금궤의학회지
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-22
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• 2020

Objectives: To define the difference in the identity of the authors of 『傷寒論』 and 『黃帝內經』 by analyzing the etymology of 巫, 毉, 醫, and 工. Methods: We analyzed the meaning of three Chinese characters based on oracle bones and bronze inscriptions, and considered examples of their utilization in two books. Results:In 『Gangpyeong-Shanghanlun』, 巫appears once, 醫appears 28 times, and 工appears once. In 『Huangdi Neijing』, 巫appears twice, 醫appears 24 times, and 工appears 64 times. Conclusions: The authors of 『傷寒論』 recognized themselves as '醫', and they were doctors who mainly treated prescriptions in the liquid form represented by 湯(tang). The authors of 『黃帝內經』 recognized themselves as '工', and they were doctors who treated them with a tool represented by "acupuncture."

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.73-88
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• 2021

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to explore the experiences of traditional korean medical doctors (TKMD) who have treated victims of sexual violence by collecting their qualitative data that cannot be obtained with statistical data. Methods : In-depth interviews were conducted with semi-structured questionnaires for each of 5 TKMDs who had experiences in treating sexual violence victims. For analysis, the interviews were recorded along with their facial expressions and actions during the interview process, and all collected data were analyzed by colaizzi's method. In each process, a 'phenomenological reduction' was applied. Results : The identity of TKMD's experience of treating sexual violence victims was structured into 25 themes, 9 theme clusters, and 4 categories. The 4 categories included 'Professionalism and sense of efficacy', 'Personal life experiences and mental trauma treatment experiences that are mutually influencing each other', 'Factors needed to increase TKMD's participation in treatment of sexual violence victims', 'Deriving the future strategy of traditional korean medicine'. Conclusions : This study derived the essence and meaning of TKMDs' experiences in treating sexual violence victims, and presented future directions of traditional korean medicine in this field. It is expected that the results of this study would be used as the basis for establishing the traditional korean medical support system for sexual violence victims in the context of the korean medical system.

• Korean Medical Education Review
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.105-109
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to examine the concept and importance of the hidden curriculum, which has an influence on the learning, culture, and identity formation of medical students, and to examine the student culture related to the hidden curriculum. The hidden curriculum can be defined from various perspectives. However, these definitions commonly include the concept of the whole experience students gain from school life in implicit ways, even though the school does not intend it. The hidden curriculum is related to non-cognitive areas and the culture formation of students in various way, including positive and negative content, and is important since once this curriculum is formed, it has a long-term impact. Therefore, it is necessary to consider not only the formal curriculum but also the hidden curriculum in order to apprehend the overall educational outcome of medical school. For this purpose, schools need to not only support studies on the hidden curriculum but also to endeavor to provide faculty and staff with educational and administrative support so that they can understand the hidden curriculum and be equipped as a role model. Furthermore, medical students need to endeavor to form a positive student culture in order to establish an appropriate identity as a doctor in the future.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.57-78
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• 2012

Objective: Although the government acknowledged Korean Medical Doctors as official health care providers since 1951, criticism regarding its modernity persisted. This paper focuses on the medical dispute between Korean and Western Medicine in 1950s risen from the problem of modernization of Korean Medicine. Method: This paper looked into the medical dispute between Korean and Western Medicine in 1950s through "EE LIM". "EE LIM" is a scholarly journal published by Korean Medical doctor Bae Won-Sik. Articles regarding the medical dispute between Korean and Western Medicine were selected, categorized and analyzed. Result: The main questions against Korean Medicine were: whether it was scientific or not, and whether there was a possibility of systematization. Several opinions were brought up on these issues. 1) Some people criticized Korean Medicine as being unscientific based on modern science. 2) Others emphasized the identity of Korean Medicine against the critics. 3) Another group of people wanted to study Korean Medicine using modern methods and obtain merits from both sides. Conclusion: The different understanding of the term 'science' led to diverse discussions on the direction of Korean Medicine's progression. The narrow meaning of science only considers Korean Medicine as an object of modern scientific and medical study. But if the meaning is broadened, containing empirical aspects, Korean Medicine can be included as a category of science based on its clinical utility.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.1-15
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• 2011

In the latter half of the Joseon(朝鮮) Dynasty, the medical world was encountering a great change. It is said that a large stream between the first half and the latter half of the Joseon Dynasty was a qualitative transition from official relationships to private relationships, that is, from adjustments by governmental power to contractual relationships between individuals. Doctors who can be said to be the core of the medical world became to be left in severer competition. The fact that the number of people engaged in medical practice increased to the extent that doctors had to compete with each other implies that not only demand for medical care was increasing but also that medical care was becoming social service that must be shared by all people in the Joseon Dynasty rather than by small numbers of men of power. Anyway, it seems like that, in the competition that was becoming fiercer, they tried to establish their authority in diverse methods unlike before. As an authority to determine the social positions of doctors in the latter half of the Joseon Dynasty, the government was still occupying an important position, but doctors tried to show off their medical techniques utilizing excellent teachers or books. Meanwhile, they were making efforts to improve treating skills and thereby they were contributing to the development of medical techniques although they were sometimes criticised because of radical treatment or fierce drugs. In this process, it seems like that some doctors made efforts to establish the social meaning of medicine and their identity. In the short dialogue with Hong Yangho(洪良浩), Cho Gwangil(趙光一) was presenting the image of doctors as active and subjective beings. Pointing out the fact that in the society where feudal position systems were still impregnable, even the Confucian scholars who could be considered as a leading group could not but be passive in front of the sovereign power, he emphasized the fact that doctors could practice treatment as they liked. In that he re-discovered the meaning of treating people's diseases as a professional intellectual and that he was forming a subjective sense that medical techniques are active self expression, it can be carefully said that Cho Gwangil was obtaining his identity as a doctor. In the society in the Joseon Dynasty where the position systems were still valid and the value system under Neo-confucianism(性理學) supporting the system was impregnable, this change can be thought to be small yet quite meaningful.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.91-101
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• 2018

Over the past 100 years, since the establishment of the modern medical education system in the early 1900s, the results of extensive field research and practice in North American medical schools and professional education have led the flow of medical education around the world. In this study, the direction of medical education in North America over the past 100 years were examined through major literature review, leading to implications and suggestions for Korean medicine education. The "Medical Education in the United States and Canada" published by the Carnegie Educational Foundation in 1910, which is considered to have laid the foundation for modern health care education, was reviewed. Next, "Educating physician: A Call for Reform of Medical School and Residency", published in 2010, which is known to have proposed a future-oriented goal for the training of medical professionals has been analyzed. The results of this study are as follows: 1) Acquisition and utilization of biomedical knowledge which is the basis of clinical competence, is a basic competency that should be provided to future medical professionals. 2) Beyond education to cultivate clinical competence of individuals directly affecting the medical treatment, various professionalism education programs that capture the specificity of Korean Medicine doctors should be established and strengthened.