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Hospice System Improvement Measures to Increase the Accessibility of Voluntary Home Death: A Comparison of the South Korean and American Hospice Systems (자택임종 증가를 위한 호스피스제도 개선 방안: 한국과 미국의 호스피스제도 비교를 중심으로)

  • Han, Da-Jeong;Choi, Young-Soon;Lee, Dong-Hyun
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.22 no.6
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    • pp.567-579
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    • 2022
  • The purpose of this study is to find a way to improve the hospice system to increase comfortable home death, which people prefer, by understanding the factors affecting the difference in the rate of home death between South Korea and America within the hospice system. This study employs the Most Similar Systems Design, which is a case study approach. The result of this study is that both countries have public health insurance systems that are identical in terms of the appropriate time for the receipt of hospice services and the application procedure, which requires that two doctors confirm the patient's hospice eligibility. The main difference is that in South Korea, inpatient hospice is prevalent, whereas routine home care is predominant in the United States. Furthermore, in the United States, hospice assistants and housekeepers support at-home daily living care. Additionally, the United States provides inpatient respite care to allow care-giver, such as family to rest and there is no restriction on hospice-eligible diseases. To increase the accessibility of voluntary home death in South Korea, it is necessary to activate and expand the home type hospice service range and provide at-home daily living care, care-giver support services. Furthermore, there should be no restrictions on hospice-eligible diseases.

TLS (Total Least-Squares) within Gauss-Helmert Model: 3D Planar Fitting and Helmert Transformation of Geodetic Reference Frames (가우스-헬머트 모델 전최소제곱: 평면방정식과 측지좌표계 변환)

  • Bae, Tae-Suk;Hong, Chang-Ki;Lim, Soo-Hyeon
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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    • v.40 no.4
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    • pp.315-324
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    • 2022
  • The conventional LESS (LEast-Squares Solution) is calculated under the assumption that there is no errors in independent variables. However, the coordinates of a point, either from traditional ground surveying such as slant distances, horizontal and/or vertical angles, or GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) positioning, cannot be determined independently (and the components are correlated each other). Therefore, the TLS (Total Least Squares) adjustment should be applied for all applications related to the coordinates. Many approaches were suggested in order to solve this problem, resulting in equivalent solutions except some restrictions. In this study, we calculated the normal vector of the 3D plane determined by the trace of the VLBI targets based on TLS within GHM (Gauss-Helmert Model). Another numerical test was conducted for the estimation of the Helmert transformation parameters. Since the errors in the horizontal components are very small compared to the radius of the circle, the final estimates are almost identical. However, the estimated variance components are significantly reduced as well as show a different characteristic depending on the target location. The Helmert transformation parameters are estimated more precisely compared to the conventional LESS case. Furthermore, the residuals can be predicted on both reference frames with much smaller magnitude (in absolute sense).

Four Times of Relapse of Plasmodium vivax Malaria Despite Primaquine Treatment in a Patient with Impaired Cytochrome P450 2D6 Function

  • Choi, Sungim;Choi, Heun;Park, Seong Yeon;Kwak, Yee Gyung;Song, Je Eun;Shin, So Youn;Baek, Ji Hyeon;Shin, Hyun-IL;Oh, Hong Sang;Kim, Yong Chan;Yeom, Joon-Sup;Han, Jin-Hee;Kim, Min Jae
    • Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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    • v.60 no.1
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    • pp.39-43
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    • 2022
  • Plasmodium vivax exhibits dormant liver-stage parasites, called hypnozoites, which can cause relapse of malaria. The only drug currently used for eliminating hypnozoites is primaquine. The antimalarial properties of primaquine are dependent on the production of oxidized metabolites by the cytochrome P450 isoenzyme 2D6 (CYP2D6). Reduced primaquine metabolism may be related to P. vivax relapses. We describe a case of 4 episodes of recurrence of vivax malaria in a patient with decreased CYP2D6 function. The patient was 52-year-old male with body weight of 52 kg. He received total gastrectomy and splenectomy 7 months before the first episode and was under chemotherapy for the gastric cancer. The first episode occurred in March 2019 and each episode had intervals of 34, 41, and 97 days, respectively. At the first and second episodes, primaquine was administered as 15 mg for 14 days. The primaquine dose was increased with 30 mg for 14 days at the third and fourth episodes. Seven gene sequences of P. vivax were analyzed and revealed totally identical for all the 4 samples. The CYP2D6 genotype was analyzed and intermediate metabolizer phenotype with decreased function was identified.

The Automated Scoring of Kinematics Graph Answers through the Design and Application of a Convolutional Neural Network-Based Scoring Model (합성곱 신경망 기반 채점 모델 설계 및 적용을 통한 운동학 그래프 답안 자동 채점)

  • Jae-Sang Han;Hyun-Joo Kim
    • Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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    • v.43 no.3
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    • pp.237-251
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    • 2023
  • This study explores the possibility of automated scoring for scientific graph answers by designing an automated scoring model using convolutional neural networks and applying it to students' kinematics graph answers. The researchers prepared 2,200 answers, which were divided into 2,000 training data and 200 validation data. Additionally, 202 student answers were divided into 100 training data and 102 test data. First, in the process of designing an automated scoring model and validating its performance, the automated scoring model was optimized for graph image classification using the answer dataset prepared by the researchers. Next, the automated scoring model was trained using various types of training datasets, and it was used to score the student test dataset. The performance of the automated scoring model has been improved as the amount of training data increased in amount and diversity. Finally, compared to human scoring, the accuracy was 97.06%, the kappa coefficient was 0.957, and the weighted kappa coefficient was 0.968. On the other hand, in the case of answer types that were not included in the training data, the s coring was almos t identical among human s corers however, the automated scoring model performed inaccurately.

A New Challenge to Korean American Religious Identity: Cultural Crisis in Korean American Christianity

  • Ro, Young-Chan
    • Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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    • v.18
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    • pp.53-79
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    • 2004
  • This paper explores the relationship between Korean immigrants to the United States and their religious identity from the cultural point of view. Most scholarly studies on Korean immigrants in the United States have been dominated by sociological approach and ethnic studies in examining the social dimension of the Korean immigrant communities while neglecting issues concerning their religious identity and cultural heritage. Most Korean immigrants to America attend Korean churches regardless their religious affiliation before they came to America. One of the reasons for this phenomenon is the fact that Korean church has provided a necessary social service for the newly arrived immigrants. Korean churches have been able to play a key role in the life of Korean immigrants. Korean immigrants, however, have shown a unique aspect regarding their religious identity compared to other immigrants communities in the United States. America is a nation of immigrants, coming from different parts of the world. Each immigrant community has brought their unique cultural heritage and religious persuasion. Asian immigrants, for example, brought their own traditional religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism. People from the Middle Eastern countries brought Islamic faith while European Jews brought the Jewish tradition. In these immigrant communities, religious identity and cultural heritage were homo genously harmonized. Jewish people built synagogue and taught Hebrew, Jewish history, culture, and faith. In this case, synagogue was not only the house of worship for Jews but also the center for learning Jewish history, culture, faith, and language. In short, Jewish cultural history was intimately related to Jewish religious history; for Jewish immigrants, learning their social and political history was indeed identical with leaning of their religious history. The same can be said about the relationship between Indian community and Hinduism. Hindu temples serve as the center of Indian immigrantsin providing the social, cultural, and spiritual functions. Buddhist temples, for that matter, serve the same function to the people from the Asian countries. Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, Tibetans, and Thais have brought their respective Buddhist traditions to America and practice and maintain both their religious faith and cultural heritage. Middle Eastern people, for example, have brought Islamic faith to the United States, and Mosques have become the center for learning their language, practicing their faith, and maintaining their cultural heritage. Korean immigrants, unlike any other immigrant group, have brought Christianity, which is not a Korean traditional religion but a Western religion they received in 18th and 19th centuries from the West and America, back to the United States, and church has become the center of their lives in America. In this context, Koreans and Korean-Americans have a unique situation in which they practice Christianity as their religion but try to maintain their non-Christian cultural heritage. For the Korean immigrants, their religious identity and cultural identity are not the same. Although Korean church so far has provides the social and religious functions to fill the need of Korean immigrants, but it may not be able to become the most effective institution to provide and maintain Korean cultural heritage. In this respect, Korean churches must be able to open to traditional Korean religions or the religions of Korean origin to cultivate and nurture Korean cultural heritage.

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Characteristics of Mycelial Growth for Artificial Cultivation in Termitomyces albuminosus (흑피흰개미버섯(Termitomyces albuminosus) 인공재배를 위한 균사배양 특성)

  • Chang, H.Y.;Seo, G.H.;Cho, H.Y.
    • Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.81-87
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    • 2019
  • The investigation of mycelial growth for artificial cultivation in T. albuminosus determined that within PDA, YM, MEA medium, both KNCAF 9001 and 9002 strains showed the highest mycelial growth in MEA media with 89, 81 mm, respectively, followed by YM, PDA in respected order. Furthermore, optimal mycelial growth of 89 and 77 mm in 9001 and 9002, respectively, at 25 ℃. Mycelial growth rapidly decreased at 30 ℃, but it was confirmed that it survived at 40 ℃. At pH 6, mycelial growth was fast with growth of 89 and 88 mm for both 9001 and 9002, respectively. In the case of 9001, the addition of with cotton seed hull(80%) and rice bran (20%) each other resulted in maximum productivity of 99 mm/10 days. The result differed in order of corn cob(97 mm), oak sawdust(96 mm) and poplar sawdust(93 mm). Ultimately, the result confirmed that addition of rice bran in comparison to bran resulted in higher yield. Even with identical medium component, 9002 showed the same tendency as 9001 but its growth was relatively slower than 9001. The effect of mycelial growth on the moisture content of the medium was best at 101. 94 mm/10 days when the moisture content of 9001 and 9002 was 65%. Mycelial growth rate tended to be slower when the moisture content was higher or lower than 65%.

Analysis of ensemble streamflow prediction effect on deriving dam releases for water supply (용수공급을 위한 댐 방류량 결정에서의 앙상블 유량 예측 효과 분석)

  • Kim, Yeonju;Kim, Gi Joo;Kim, Young-Oh
    • Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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    • v.56 no.12
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    • pp.969-980
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    • 2023
  • Since the 2000s, ensemble streamflow prediction (ESP) has been actively utilized in South Korea, primarily for hydrological forecasting purposes. Despite its notable success in hydrological forecasting, the original objective of enhancing water resources system management has been relatively overlooked. Consequently, this study aims to demonstrate the utility of ESP in water resources management by creating a simple hypothetical exercise for dam operators and applying it to actual multi-purpose dams in South Korea. The hypothetical exercise showed that even when the means of ESP are identical, different costs can result from varying standard deviations. Subsequently, using sampling stochastic dynamic programming (SSDP) and considering the capacity-inflow ratio (CIR), optimal release patterns were derived for Soyang Dam (CIR = 1.345) and Chungju Dam (CIR = 0.563) based on types W and P. For this analysis, Type W was defined with standard deviation equal to the mean inflow, and Type P with standard deviation ten times of the mean inflow. Simulated operations were conducted from 2020 to 2022 using the derived optimal releases. The results indicate that in the case of Dam Chungju, more aggressive optimal release patterns were derived under types with smaller standard deviations, and the simulated operations demonstrated satisfactory outcomes. Similarly, Soyang Dam exhibited similar results in terms of optimal release, but there was no significant difference in the simulation between types W and P due to its large CIR. Ultimately, this study highlights that even with the same mean values, the standard deviation of ESP impacts optimal release patterns and outcomes in simulation. Additionally, it underscores that systems with smaller CIRs are more sensitive to such uncertainties. Based on these findings, there is potential for improvements in South Korea's current operational practices, which rely solely on single representative values for water resources management.

Experimental and analytical study of squat walls with alternative detailing

  • Leonardo M. Massone;Cristhofer N. Letelier;Cristobal F. Soto;Felipe A. Yanez;Fabian R. Rojas
    • Computers and Concrete
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    • v.33 no.5
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    • pp.497-507
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    • 2024
  • In squat reinforced concrete walls, the displacement capacity for lateral deformation is low and the ability to resist the axial load can quickly be lost, generating collapse. This work consists of testing two squat reinforced concrete walls. One of the specimens is built with conventional detailing of reinforced concrete walls, while the second specimen is built applying an alternative design, including stirrups along the diagonal of the wall to improve its ductility. This solution differs from the detailing of beams or coupling elements that suggest building elements equivalent to columns located diagonally in the element. The dimensions of both specimens correspond to a wall with a low aspect ratio (1:1), where the height and length of the specimen are 1.4 m, with a thickness of 120 mm. The alternative wall included stirrups placed diagonally covering approximately 25% of the diagonal strut of the wall with alternative detailing. The walls were tested under a constant axial load of 0.1f'cAg and a cyclic lateral displacement was applied in the upper part of the wall. The results indicate that the lateral strength is almost identical between both specimens. On the other hand, the lateral displacement capacity increased by 25% with the alternative detailing, but it was also able to maintain the 3 complete hysteretic cycles up to a drift of 2.5%, reaching longitudinal reinforcement fracture, while the base specimen only reached the first cycle of 2% with rapid degradation due to failure of the diagonal compression strut. The alternative design also allows 46% more energy dissipation than the conventional design. A model was used to capture the global response, correctly representing the observed behavior. A parametric study with the model, varying the reinforcement amount and aspect ratio, was performed, indicating that the effectiveness of the alternative detailing can double de drift capacity for the case with a low aspect ratio (1.1) and a large longitudinal steel amount (1% in the web, 5% in the boundary), which decreases with lower amounts of longitudinal reinforcement and with the increment of aspect ratio, indicating that the alternative detailing approach is reasonable for walls with an aspect ratio up to 2, especially if the amount of longitudinal reinforcement is high.

A Study on the Electrical Characteristics of Wind Power Generation by Main Blade Length (주 블레이드 길이에 따른 풍력발전 전기적 특성에 관한 연구)

  • Jung Cheul Park
    • The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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    • v.17 no.5
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    • pp.296-301
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    • 2024
  • This study used the ANSYS CFD program to study the main blade length of a wind turbine. The main blade length was set to 70 cm and 58 cm to confirm flow analysis and coefficient, output power, output voltage, and output current. The results of the flow analysis of the two conditions were almost identical. The airflow was measured uniformly at the blade inlet and outlet portions, and the air velocity through the sub-blade was increased and undiffracted, and a greater force was transmitted to the inlet portion of the main blade and passed through the rotor to the outlet portion. When the main blade length was 70 cm, the torque decreased as the TSR increased, and when the TSR was 0.4, the coefficient was 0.293, the output power was 65,14 kW, the voltage was 31.44 V, and the current was 649.1 A. And when the main blade length is 58 cm, the torque decreases as the TSR increases, and when the TSR is 0.4, the coefficient is 0.274, the power is 61.02 kW, the voltage is 31.49 V, and the current is 607.0 A. In conclusion, it was found that if the turbine diameter was 14m, the optimal blade would be the case where the main blade length was 70cm.

Incase of Same Region Treatment by using a Tomotherapy and a Linear Accelerator Absorbed Dose Evaluation of Normal Tissues and a Tumor (토모테라피와 선형가속기를 이용한 동일 부위의 치료 시 종양 및 정상조직의 흡수선량 평가)

  • Cheon, Geum-Seong;Kim, Chang-Uk;Kim, Hoi-Nam;Heo, Gyeong-Hun;Song, Jin-Ho;Hong, Joo-Yeong;Jeong, Jae-Yong
    • The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.97-103
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    • 2010
  • Purpose: Treating same region with different modalities there is a limit to evaluate the total absorbed dose of normal tissues. The reason is that it does not support to communication each modalities yet. In this article, it evaluates absorbed dose of the patients who had been treated same region by a tomotherapy and a linear accelerator. Materials and Methods: After reconstructing anatomic structure with a anthropomorphic phantom, administrate 45 Gy to a tumor in linac plan system as well as prescribe 15 Gy in tomotherapy plan system for make an ideal treatment plan. After the plan which made by tomoplan system transfers to the oncentra plan system for reproduce plan under the same condition and realize total treatment plan with summation 45 Gy linac treatment plan. To evaluate the absorbed dose of two different modalities, do a comparative study both a simple summation dose values and integration dose values. Then compare and analyze absorbed dose of normal tissues and a tumor with the patients who had been exposured radiation by above two differents modalities. Results: The result of compared data, in case of minimum dose, there are big different dose values in spleen (12.4%). On the other hand, in case of the maximum dose, it reports big different in a small bowel (10.2%) and a cord (5.8%) in head & neck cancer patients, there presents that oral (20.3%), right lens (7.7%) in minimum dose value. About maximum dose, it represents that spinal (22.5), brain stem (12%), optic chiasm (8.9%), Rt lens (11.5%), mandible (8.1%), pituitary gland (6.2%). In case of Rt abdominal cancer patients, there represents big different minimum dose as Lt kidney (20.3%), stomach (8.1%) about pelvic cancer patients, it reports there are big different in minimum dose as a bladder (15.2%) as well as big different value in maximum dose as a small bowel (5.6%), a bladder (5.5%) in addition, making treatment plan it is able us to get. Conclusion: In case of comparing both simple summation absorbed dose and integration absorbed dose, the minimum dose are represented higher as well as the maximum dose come out lower and the average dose are revealed similar with our expected values data. It is able to evaluate tumor & normal tissue absorbed dose which could had been not realized by treatment plan system. The DVH of interesting region are prescribed lower dose than expected. From now on, it needs to develop the new modality which are able to realize exact dose distribution as well as integration absorbed dose evaluation in same treatment region with different modalities.

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