• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.5-11
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• 2017

농촌 비닐하우스에서 배출되는 폐비닐을 녹여 19mm 크기의 골재를 만들었다. 이것을 아스콘에 몇몇 중량비로 혼합한 후 단열효과시험, 동결융해 후 인장강도시험, 빙착인장강도시험 그리고 현장 밀도시험을 각각 실시하였다. 그 결과 폐비닐골재는 내부에 공극을 다수 포함하고 있는 관계로 폐비닐골재 혼합율이 증가할수록 단열효과가 증가하였다. 아스콘의 동결융해 후 인장강도는 폐비닐골재 혼합율 0%일 때보다 혼합율 2.5%일 경우 크게 증가하였지만, 혼합율 5%, 10%에서는 혼합율 2.5%일 때보다 다소 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 빙착인장강도는 일반아스콘에 비해 폐비닐골재를 2.5% 추가한 아스콘에서 더 작게 나타났다. 현장 채취시료에 대한 공극률시험 결과 폐비닐골재를 추가한 아스콘의 공극률이 일반 아스콘의 그것보다 작았다.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.491-498
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• 2018

The cost evaluation for voyage route planning in an ice-covered sea is one of the major topics among ship owners. Information of the ice properties, such as ice type, concentration of ice, ice thickness, strength of ice, and speed-power relation under ice conditions are important for determining the optimal route in ice and low operational cost perspective. To determine achievable speed at any designated pack ice condition, a model test of resistance, self-propulsion, and overload test in ice and ice-free water were carried out in a KRISO ice tank and towing tank. The available net thrust for ice and an estimation of the ice resistance under any pack ice condition were also performed by I-RES. The in-house code called 'I-RES', which is an ice resistance estimation tool that applies an empirical formula, was modified for the pack ice module in this study. Careful observations of underwater videos of the ice model test made it possible to understand the physical phenomena of underneath of the hull bottom surface and determine the coverage of buoyancy. The clearing resistance of ice can be calculated by subtracting the buoyance and open water resistance form the pre-sawn ice resistance. The model test results in pack ice were compared with the calculation results to obtain a correlation factor among the pack ice resistance, ice concentration, and ship speed. The resulting correlation factors were applied to the calculation results to determine the pack ice resistance under any pack ice condition. The pack ice resistance under the arbitrary pack ice condition could be estimated because software I-RES could control all the ice properties. The available net thrust in ice, which is the over thrust that overcomes the pack ice resistance, will change the speed of a ship according to the bollard pull test results and thruster characteristics (engine & propulsion combination). The attainable speed at a certain ice concentration of pack ice was determined using the interpolation method. This paper reports a procedure to determine the attainable speed in pack ice and the sample calculation using the Araon vessel was performed to confirm the entire process. A more detailed description of the determination of the attainable speed is described. The attainable speed in 1.0 m, 90% pack ice and 540 kPa strength was 13.3 knots.