• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.197-208
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• 1995

과냉각도가 0.35 K보다 작은 영역에서 ice dendrite의 결정 성장 특성 및 morphology는 과냉각도 뿐만 아니라 자연대류의 함수임을 관찰하였다. 즉, 결정 성장에 대한 자연대류의 영향은 결정 성장 자체에 의한 moving boundary 효과보다 우세함을 알 수 있었다. 본 실험 범위에서 ice dendrite의 성장 속도 및 tip size(edge 및 basal plane)를 과냉각도의 함수로 정량화하였다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.121-124
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• 2008

The caspase family proteins play an important role in programmed cell death (apoptosis). To date, the expression profiles of the caspase family genes in Bombyx mori (Bm) are poorly known. In this study, we examined the expression profiles of two novel Bm caspase family genes (ice-2 and ice-5), the potential change of the mitochondrial membrane and the morphology in Bm cells after stimulation of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. The results showed the potential change of the mitochondrial membrane occurred at 5 hours after UV irradiation treatment. Analysis of fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR demonstrated that both the ice-2 and ice-5 might be involved in UV induced apoptosis in Bm cells. Notably, after UV irradiating, expression pattern of ice-2 and ice-5 were remarkably different. The ice-2 gene was highly expressed at two time points, 0.5 and 5 hours after UV stimulating, while the expression level of ice-5 only peaked at 5 hours after UV stimulating. It indicated that apoptosis induced by UV irradiation was involved in the mitochondrial pathway and the two isoforms of Bm ice may act but play different role during the apoptosis of Bm cells.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.330-335
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• 2009

The principal objective of this study was to investigate changes in ice dendrite size during the freezing of tuna, in order to formulate a mathematical model of ice dendrite size. The tuna was frozen via a uni-directional heat transfer. Thermogram analysis allowed us to determine the position of the freezing front versus time, which is referred to as the freezing front rate. The morphology of the ice dendrites was assessed via scanning electron microscopy after freeze-drying, and the retained pore size was measured as ice dendrites. We noted that the mean size of ice dendrites increased with the distance to the cooling plate; however, it decreased with reductions in the cooling rate and the cooling temperature. In addition, shorter durations of the freeze-drying process decreased the freezing front rate, resulting in a larger size of the ice dendrite pores that operate as water vapor sublimation channels. According to our results, we could derive a linear regression as an empirical mathematical model equation between the ice dendrite size and the inverse of the freezing front rate.

• 천문학회보
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.65.3-66
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• 2015

The determination of three dimensional parameters (e.g., radial speed, angular width, source location) of Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) is very important for space weather forecast. To estimate these parameters, several cone models based on a flat cone or a shallow ice-cream cone with spherical front have been suggested. In this study, we investigate which cone model is proper for halo CME morphology using 33 CMEs which are identified as halo CMEs by one spacecraft (SOHO or STEREO-A or B) and as limb CMEs by the other ones. From geometrical parameters of these CMEs such as their front curvature, we find that near full ice-cream cone CMEs (28 events) are dominant over shallow ice-cream cone CMEs (5 events). So we develop a new full ice-cream cone model by assuming that a full ice-cream cone consists of many flat cones with different heights and angular widths. This model is carried out by the following steps: (1) construct a cone for given height and angular width, (2) project the cone onto the sky plane, (3) select points comprising the outer boundary, (4) minimize the difference between the estimated projection points with the observed ones. We apply this model to several halo CMEs and compare the results with those from other methods such as a Graduated Cylindrical Shell model and a geometrical triangulation method.

• 천문학회보
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.47.1-47.1
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• 2016

The determination of three dimensional parameters (e.g., radial speed, angular width, source location) of Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) is very important for space weather forecast. To estimate these parameters, several cone models based on a flat cone or a shallow ice-cream cone with spherical front have been suggested. In this study, we investigate which cone model is proper for halo CME morphology using 26 CMEs which are identified as halo CMEs by one spacecraft (SOHO or STEREO-A or B) and as limb CMEs by the other ones. From geometrical parameters of these CMEs such as their front curvature, we find that near full ice-cream cone CMEs are dominant over shallow ice-cream cone CMEs. Thus we develop a new full ice-cream cone model by assuming that a full ice-cream cone consists of many flat cones with different heights and angular widths. This model is carried out by the following steps: (1) construct a cone for given height and angular width, (2) project the cone onto the sky plane, (3) select points comprising the outer boundary, (4) minimize the difference between the estimated projection speeds with the observed ones. We apply this model to 12 SOHO halo CMEs and compare the results with those from other stereoscopic methods (a geometrical triangulation method and a Graduated Cylindrical Shell model) based on multi-spacecraft data.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.312-318
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• 2008

The objective of this study was to investigate the changes in ice dendrite size during freezing process in gelatin matrix as a model food system in order to provide mathematical relation between freezing condition and ice dendrite size. Gelatin gel as a model matrix was frozen in unidirectional Neumann's type of heat transfer. The thermograms' analysis allowed to determine the freezing temperature of the sample, the position of the freezing front versus time, and thus, freezing front rate. The morphology of ice dendrites was observed by scanning electron microscopy after freeze-drying. We observed that the means size of ice dendrite increased with the distance to the cooling plate; however, it decreased with the cooling rate and the cooling temperature. In addition, the shorter durations of the freeze-drying process was shorter decreeing the decreased the freezing front rate, resulted in their resulting in a larger pore size of the ice dendrite pores for the sublimation channel of that operate as water vapor sublimation channels. From these results, we could derive a linear regression as an empirical mathematical model equation between the ice dendrite size and the inverse of freezing front rate.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.608-617
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• 2015

본 연구는 영덕군 덕산리 얼음골의 발생적 특징을 파악하고 하계 결빙현상의 과정을 규명하기 위해 미기상학적 자료 분석 및 지형 발달 특성을 종합적으로 검토하고 있다. 연구지역의 얼음골은 산지 동사면 애추 지형에서 발달하고 있으며 냉각 및 하계 결빙의 강도는 애추의 형태 및 규모와 밀접한 상관이 있는 것으로 판단된다. 얼음골의 냉각은 동계 산지 정상부로부터 애추 내 암설의 공극을 통해 하단부로 이동하는 냉기류에 의해 이루어지며, 그 결과 애추 내 하단부 암설들을 과냉각시킨다. 냉각된 공기는 안정한 기층을 형성하여 외부의 공기와 순환되지 못하고 애추 지형 하단부에 정체하며 일부 유출 지점에서는 초여름까지 결빙 현상을 발생시키는 것으로 파악된다. 특히 냉기류가 유출될 때 외부 공기의 습도 및 기화열의 발생은 결빙 현상에 중요한 요인이 된다.

• 한국언어정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국언어정보학회 2002년도 학술대회 발표논문집
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• pp.142-152
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• 2002

There have been some notes on the functional unity of rules or conspiracy in Linguistics. In this paper, I show that so-called 'elsewhere condition', first mentioned in phonology, is observed not only in phonology, but also in morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics. And I argue that it is a kind of functional unity of rules or conspiracy in cross-component of linguistic theories. How to handle this in the macro-scopic view of linguist ice is another major issue in further research.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.73-82
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• 2001

The ESEM could be used in investigating the fibrous networks developed during handsheet-forming processes with the exception of the stages relating to the actual dispersion of the fibers and the drying of formed sheets. Also the cross-sectional images of swollen fibers were generated with the ESEM but the information given by the images was rarely fresh compared to the CLSM images. The LTSEM was extremely useful in generating images of the microfibrillar structure of a wet fiber with great resolution. However, pretreatment required in the LTSEM chamber was somewhat tedious due to the time consumed in sublimation of ice and sputter coating. For observation of lamellar structure of a hydrated fiber, the LTSEM exhibited greatly detailed structure with high resolution. Finally ESEM and LTSEM should be used in a finite field such as observation of surface morphology in detail.

• Composites Research
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.204-208
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• 2024

제/방빙액은 항공기 결빙 제거에 필수적으로 사용된다. 제/방빙액은 유기용제를 희석시켜 제조되고, 화학적으로 결빙을 제거할 때 탑코트 표면에서 손상이 발생된다. 본 연구에서는 글리콜 계열의 제/방빙액을 사용하여 결빙을 제거하였고, 결빙 제거과정에서 발생된 탑코트의 손상에 대하여 관찰하였다. USB 현미경을 이용하여 결빙의 생성 및 성장과정을 관찰하였고, 공초점 현미경으로 제/방빙액 처리에 따른 표면 형상을 관찰하였다. 또한 코팅 두께 측정과 푸리에 변환 적외선 분광분석을 통하여 표면의 물리적 및 화학적 변화를 조사하였다. 제/방빙액의 반복적인 처리는 결빙의 생성 속도 감소시키고, 결빙의 성장 속도 증가시키는 효과를 보였다. 제/방빙액 처리 과정에서 가압 공정 시 발생되는 손상과 에틸렌 글리콜에 의하여 폴리우레탄 탑코트의 표면 손상이 발견되었다. 탑코트의 손상에 대한 변화를 분석한 결과 화학적 변화는 확인되지 않았지만, 표면의 균일성은 감소하고, 표면에 균열이나 굴곡이 형성되는 물리적 손상이 관찰되었다. 제/방빙액은 결빙 제거에 효과적이나 표면 손상을 일으키는 것을 확인하였다.