• Journal of The Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology
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• v.6 no.1 s.10
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• pp.6-12
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• 2006

IV Deep sedation is useful for Waardenburg syndrome Child undergoing extensive dental treatment. We experienced a case of dental treatment under W deep sedation in a 3 years old boy with Waardenburg syndrome. He was treated on an outpateint basis. He was diagnosed hypothyroidism and received thyroid hormone. Premedication was done using ketamine and atropine IM. Induction using $N_2O$-enflurane mask ventilation was uneventful and intravenous cathetering was carried out. IV deep sedation was maintained with midazolam-$N_2O$ combination. After monitoring the patient for 2 hours and confirming his recovery, he was discharged from the day care unit. In summary, we report this successful IV Deep sedation management of Waardenburg syndrome child during dental treatment in as out patient.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.65-69
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• 2017

Patients with severe gag reflex (SGR) have difficulty getting the treatment they require in local clinics, and many tend to postpone the start of their treatment. To address this problem, dentists have used behavioral techniques and/or pharmacological techniques for treatment. Among the pharmacological methods available, propofol IV sedation is preferred over general anesthesia because it is a simpler procedure. Propofol in combination with remifentanil is characterized by stable sedative effects and quick recovery, leading to a deep sedation. Remifentanil acts to reduce the pain caused by lipid-soluble propofol on injection. The synergistic effects of propofol-remifentanil include reduction in the total amount of drug required to achieve a desired sedation level and anti-emetic effects. In this case report, we outline how the use of propofol-remifentanil IV sedation enabled us to successfully complete a wide range of dental treatments in a patient with SGR.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.710-716
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the intravenous (IV) sedation technique with midazolam and ketamine for uncooperative dental child patients. Three child patients between the ages of 4.4 years and 5.6 years who required sedation for dental treatment were given midazolam and ketamine. Initial dosage was combined of $0.03{\sim}0.06mg/kg$ midazolam and 1.0mg/kg ketamine. Additional dosages of ketamine (0.33mg/kg) were given as needed to maintain deep sedation. Pulse rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, adverse reactions, postoperative recovery and behavior were monitored with saturation pulse oximetry, ECG, NIBP and Cardiocap. In conclusion, the combination of midazolam and ketamine is efficacious in deep sedation for painful dental treatment. However, a significant drop in oxygen saturation was observed as a common adverse side effect. Therefore advanced airway management proficiency is required in order to achieve a successful IV sedation.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.179-184
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• 1997

Background: Ketorolac($Tarasyn^{(R)}$) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug(NSAID) which has shown to be an effective postoperative analgesic available parenterally, and when combined with morphine can reduce its requirement. The analgesic efficacy and adverse effects of continuous infusion of ketorolac added to morphine IV PCA was evaluated in 60 women after abdominal hysterectomy. Methods: Patients were assigned to receive either morphine intravenous(IV) bolus followed by morphine IV patient controlled analgesia(PCA), or ketorolac 30mg IV and continuous IV infusion at 4.0mg/hr in combination with the above regimen. The authors evaluated PCA morphine used, pain assessment(verbal pain intensity score and visual analogue scale) and side effects at 2, 4, 6 and 24hrs during pain control. Results: Continuous infusion of ketorolac decreased the PCA morphine usage significantly(30.4 ---> 19.6 mg : p=0.007) at 24hrs postoperatively. Significant differences were seen favoring ketorolac infusion in pain intensity and visual analogue scale both at rest and during movement. There were no differences in incidences of deep sedation, nausea & vomiting. But the ketorolac group they complained of dizziness more than morphine only group. Little pruritus was recorded in either groups. Conclusions: The authors conclude continuous IV infusion of ketorolac in conjunction with morphine PCA provide effective analgesia after low abdominal surgery.