• Proceedings of the KSEEG Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.95-96
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• 2000

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.146-152
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• 2009

Purpose : 본 연구의 목적은 항암치료로 인한 빈혈환자의 치료에서 epoetin alpha (rHuEPO) 피하주사 시, 주일회 요법과 주삼회요법의 헤모글로빈(hemoglobin, Hb) 상승 효과를 비교하는 것이다. Methods : 본 연구는 1999년 3월부터 2005년 3월까지 국립암센터에서 항암치료로 인한 빈혈로 epoetin alpha를 투여 받은 환자를 대상으로 의무기록의 자료를 후향적으로 수집하여 분석하였다. 연구에 포함된 환자는 rHuEPO 10,000 IU 주삼회투여군(n = 127)과 20,000 IU 주일회투여군(n = 81)으로 구분되었으며, 이들은 필요에 따라 경구용 철분보조제를 섭취하였다. Epoetin alpha 치료 시작 후 최대 8주까지 2주 간격으로 Hb 수치변화를 분석하였다. Results : 치료 시작 시점의 rHuEPO 10,000 IU 주삼회투여군과 20,000 IU 주일회투여군의 평균 Hb수치는 유사하였 다 (9.4 g/dL vs. 9.7 g/dL). Epoetin alpha 치료 후 8주까지 두 그룹간의 헤모글로빈 수치의 상승 정도에는 유의한 차이가 없었다 ($1.57{\pm}1.39$ g/dL vs. $1.68{\pm}1.35$ g/dL, p=0.59). 또한 경구용 철분보조제 투여여부, cisplatin 포함 항암제 투여여부 및 성별에 따른 군의 분류에 있어서도 rHuEPO 10,000 IU 주삼회투여군과 20,000 IU 주일회투여군의 평균 Hb 상승수치는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. Conclusion : 한국인에서 항암치료로 인한 빈혈의 치료 시에 rHuEPO 20,000 IU 주일회투여 용법은 10,000 IU 주 삼회투여 용법과 유사한 Hb 상승효과를 가진다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.10
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• pp.965-969
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• 2007

Purpose : Measurement of antistreptolysin O (ASO) is often necessary to confirm a clinical diagnosis of recent streptococcal infection, especially in patients suspected of rheumatic fever and acute glomerulonephritis. Standard normal ranges for ASO should be established locally for each age group. We analyzed ASO to determine the upper limit of normal (ULN) ASO in children in the Gyeonggi-Incheon area. Methods : ASO in normal individual concentrations were measured quantitatively by nephelometry on sera from 753 children (Male : 381, Female : 372). ULN were determined by separating the upper 20% from the lower 80% of the group (80 percentile). Results : The mean ASO concentration calculated in a total cases was $149.9{\pm}7.2IU/mL$. The ASO concentration in neonates was $83.4{\pm}10.7IU/mL$, and lowest in the 1 year of age group, $26.7{\pm}6.6IU/mL$, and increased to $318.0{\pm}33.2IU/mL$ gradually in the 9 years of age group. Thereafter, ASO concentration decreased. The ULN for neonates was 122 IU/mL, for 0-3 years, 40 IU/mL; for 4-6 years, 113 IU/ mL; for 7-9 years, 489 IU/mL; for 10-19 years, 433 IU/mL; for 20-29 years, 122 IU/mL. Conclusion : The age-specific ULN for children in the Gyeonggi-Incheon area were determined. The distribution of ASO concentration according to age groups was different from previous reports. These results should be of clinical value to physicians to interprete the ASO results of their patients.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.35-39
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• 2019

Purpose Hepatitis B virus (hepatitis B virus, HBV) infection is a worldwide major public health problem and it is known as a major cause of chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. And serologic tests of hepatitis B virus is essential for diagnosing and treating these diseases. In addition, with the development of molecular diagnostics, the detection of HBV DNA in serum diagnoses HBV infection and is recognized as an important indicator for the antiviral agent treatment response assessment. We performed HBeAg assay using Immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) and Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay (CMIA) in hepatitis B patients treated with antiviral agents. The detection rate of HBV DNA in serum was measured and compared by RT-PCR (Real Time - Polymerase Chain Reaction) method Materials and Methods HBeAg serum examination and HBV DNA quantification test were conducted on 270 hepatitis B patients undergoing anti-virus treatment after diagnosis of hepatitis B virus infection. Two serologic tests (IRMA, CMIA) with different detection principles were applied for the HBeAg serum test. Serum HBV DNA was quantitatively measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using the Abbott m2000 System. Results The detection rate of HBeAg was 24.1% (65/270) for IRMA and 82.2% (222/270) for CMIA. Detection rate of serum HBV DNA by real-time RT-PCR is 29.3% (79/270). The measured amount of serum HBV DNA concentration is $4.8{\times}10^7{\pm}1.9{\times}10^8IU/mL$($mean{\pm}SD$). The minimum value is 16IU/mL, the maximum value is $1.0{\times}10^9IU/mL$, and the reference value for quantitative detection limit is 15IU/mL. The detection rates and concentrations of HBV DNA by group according to the results of HBeAg serological (IRMA, CMIA)tests were as follows. 1) Group I (IRMA negative, CMIA positive, N = 169), HBV DNA detection rate of 17.7% (30/169), $6.8{\times}10^5{\pm}1.9{\times}10^6IU/mL$ 2) Group II (IRMA positive, CMIA positive, N = 53), HBV DNA detection rate 62.3% (33/53), $1.1{\times}10^8{\pm}2.8{\times}10^8IU/mL$ 3) Group III (IRMA negative, CMIA negative, N = 36), HBV DNA detection rate 36.1% (13/36), $3.0{\times}10^5{\pm}1.1{\times}10^6IU/mL$ 4) Group IV(IRMA positive, CMIA negative, N = 12), HBV DNA detection rate 25% (3/12), $1.3{\times}10^3{\pm}1.1{\times}10^3IU/mL$ Conclusion HBeAg detection rate according to the serological test showed a large difference. This difference is considered for a number of reasons such as characteristics of the Ab used for assay kit and epitope, HBV of genotype. Detection rate and the concentration of the group-specific HBV DNA classified serologic results confirmed the high detection rate and the concentration in Group II (IRMA-positive, CMIA positive, N = 53).

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.186-192
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• 2002

Special attention has been paid to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) for athlete doping control because it stimulates the endogenous production of testosterone and epitestosterone without increasing the T/E ratio which is a doping indicator for the exogenous administration of testosterone. Even though the IOC banned the use of hCG, a detection method has not been decided upon since there are a variety of immunoassay kits available on the market. We evaluated three kits in terms of their performance characteristics. The assay value of the control sample varied depending on the kit, resulting in 198 mIU/ml for the MAIA kit, 172mIU/ml for the IRMA kit, and 143 mIU/ml for the MEIA kit. Considering the IOC inter-lab distribution of results(55-312 mIU/ml) using 27 different kits and the mean value (178$\pm$56 mIU/ml), all three kits are within the range of －15.8% - ＋5.6% of the mean value, which proves them useful for the hCG assay. The MEIA kit resulted in lower hCG values because it detects only intact hCG molecules, in contrast to the other two kits which detect intact hCG and -hCG together. However, it is suitable for screening purposes because of its advantage of being an automated system. When 123 urine samples of athletes were analyzed in 22 batches using this system, the variation of control values fell within $\pm$ 10% of the mean values, and an specimens tested negative with hCG values less than the detection limit of 2 mIU/ml.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.221-227
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• 1985

Thirty-four patients with suspected ectopic pregnancy whose serum hCG levels had been measured by beta-hCG EIA before surgery were evaluated retrospectively. The results were as follows: 1. Final diagnosis of thirty-four patients with suspected ectopic pregnancy comprised twenty- eight tubal pregnancy, five ruptures of hemorrhagic corpus luteum and, one tubo-ovarian abscess. One of the five patients with rupture of hemorrhagic corpus luteum was accompanied by missed abortion. 2. Range of serum hCG levels in twenty-eight patients with tubal pregnancy was 59-21,980 mIU/ml and that of four patients with rupture of hemorrhagic corpus luteum and one patient with tubo-ovarian abscess was 0.6-6.6mIU/ml. Serum hCG level of a patient with rupture of hemorrhagic corpus luteum who was accompanied by missed abostion was 200 mIU/ml. 3. Serum hCG levels in twenty-two of twenty-eight patients with tubal pregnancy were lower than 3,000 mIU/ml. Low serum hCG level below 100mIU/ml and high serum hCG level above 6,500 mIU/ml were noticed in four and six patients with tubal pregnancy, respectively. 4. Mean serum hCG levels (${\pm}SD$) of twelve patients with tubal pregnancy who had intra-abdominal free blood of less than 500ml and sixteen patients with tubal pregnancy who had intra-abdominal free blood of more than 500ml were 4,131 (${\pm}7,801$) mIU/ml and 3,208 (${\pm}5,081$) mIU/ml, respectively. There was no statistical difference in the mean level of serum hCG between both group (P>0.05). 5. Mean serum hCG levels (${\pm}SD$) of thirteen patients with unruptured tubal pregnancy and fifteen patients with ruptured tubal pregnancy were 2,628 (${\pm}5,448$) mIU/ml and 4,449 (${\pm}6,938$) mIU/ml, respectively. Mean level of serum hCG was statistically higher in ruptured tubal pregnancy (P<0.01). 6. Positive rate of urine pregnancy test in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy was 64% (16/25) and mean range of serum hCG level of nine patients with false negative result were 353 mIU/ml and 59-933 mIU/ml.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.439-443
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• 1997

While the contents of protein, fat, fiber, sodium, vitamin A, and vitamin D in dry dog food were 22.0%, 7.8%. 5.4%, 0.36%, 2035 IU/100g and 201 IU/100g, respectevely, those in dry cat food were 29.8%, 6.5%, 4.5%, 0.38%, 1543 IU/100g and 163 IU/100g, respectively. Concerning the lipid contents of pet food, the concentration of unsturated fatty acid was slightly higher of dry dog food(59.2%) than that of dry cat food(55.9%), but the differences was statistically not significant. The lipid peroxide concentration in dry dog food after storage in a refrigerator at $4^{\circ}C$ or dark place of room temperture at $20{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ for 30 days(8.0 nmol/g and 7.8 nmol/g) was not different from the value at the beginning of storage. However, upon storage in direct sunlight at $20{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ of room temperture, the concentration increased 4.9-fold(35.5 nmol/g) after 5 days and 10.2-fold(73.6 nmol/g) after 30 days. These results suggest that pet food may be refrigerated or stored in a dark place after unsealing.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.143-146
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• 2010

Purpose: Insulin is involved in carbohydrate metabolism and also it's very important because it increases storage of glycogen, synthesis of fatty acids, absorption of amino acid, synthesis of protein. Insulin is clinically useful when we evaluate fasting patients in hypoglycemia, classify and predict diabetes, assess the activity of ${\beta}$-cell, research insulin resistance. We are going to increase usability of insulin assay by establishing normal reference value according to statistical analysis. Material & Method: We selected 6,648 patients who visited asan health medical center from May to August in 2008. We set exclusion criteria as family of diabetes, diabetes medication, the past history of blood glucose rise, more than 100 mg/dL in normal fasting blood glucose, outside the scope of BMI 18.5~22.9 $kg/m^2$, and more than HbA1c 6.5%. We determine whether the subgroup is portioned as sex and age or not and establish normal reference value by conducting statistical analysis as Bayesian's method and Hoffman's method. Result: Portioning of subgroup as sex and age is not needed. By statistical analysis of Bayesian method, results 1.5-11.0 uIU/mL. By statistical analysis of Hoffman method, results 1.8~12.8 uIU/mL. Conclusion: We established 1.8~12.8 uIU/mL as Insulin normal reference value by Hoffman method. This is a similar value with reporting reference value 1.7~11.8 uIU/mL in kit. This will enhance the usability of insulin assay by establishing normal reference value.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.63 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 2007

Background: Many diagnostic approaches for defining the definitive cause of pleurisy should be included due to the large variety of diseases resulting in pleural effusion. Although ADA is a useful diagnostic tool for making a differential diagnosis of pleural effusion, particularly for tuberculous pleural effusion, a definitive diagnostic cut-off value remains problematic in Korea. It was hypothesized that ADA multiplied by the Lymphocyte/Neutrophil ratio(L/N ratio) might be more powerful for making a differential diagnosis of pleural effusion. Methods: One hundred and ninety patients, who underwent thoracentesis and treatment in Chung-Ang University Hospital from January, 2005 through to February 2006, were evaluated. The clinical characteristics, radiologic data and the examination of the pleural effusion were analyzed retrospectively. Results: 1. Among the 190 patients, 59 patients (31.1%) were diagnosed with tuberculous pleurisy, 45 patients(23.7%) with parapneumonic effusion, 42 patients(22.1%) with malignant effusions, 36 patients(18.9%) with transudate, and 8 patients(4.2%) with empyema. One hundred and twenty one patients were found to have an ADA activity of 1 to 39 IU/L(63.7%). Twenty-nine were found to have an ADA activity of 40 to 75 IU/L(15.3%) and 40 were found to have an ADA activity of 75 IU/L or greater(21.0%). 2. Among the patients with tuberculous pleurisy, 5(8%), 18(30%) and 36 patients(60%) had an ADA activity ranging from 1 to 39 IU/L, 40 to 75 IU/L, and 75 IU/L or greater, respectively. In those with an ADA activitiy 40 to 75 IU/L, 18 patients(62%) had tuberculous pleurisy, 9(31%) had parapneumonic effusion and empyema, and 1(3.4%) had a malignant effusion. 3. In those with an ADA activity of 40 to 75 IU/L, there was no significant difference between tuberculous pleurisy and non-tuberculous pleural effusion(tuberculous pleurisy : 61.3 ${\pm}$ 9.2 IU/L, non-tuberculous pleural effusion : 53.3${\pm}$10.5 IU/L). 4. The mean L/N ratio of those with tuberculous pleurisy was 39.1 ${\pm}$ 44.6, which was significantly higher than nontuberculous pleural effusion patients (p<0.05). The mean ADA x L/N ratio of the tuberculous pleurisy patients was 2,445.7 ${\pm}$ 2,818.5, which was significantly higher than the non-tuberculous pleural effusion patients (level p<0.05). 5. ROC analysis showed that the ADA x L/N ratio had a higher diagnostic value than the ADA alone in the group with an ADA between 40-75 IU/L. Conclusion: The ADA multiplied by the lymphocyte-to-neutrophil ratio might provide a more definitive diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.129-136
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different levels of ${\alpha}$-tocopherol and selenium in broiler diets on performance and physicochemical properties of chicken thigh meat. A total of 360 broiler chicks divided into six groups were fed a basal diet (control) or basal diet supplemented with 50 IU ${\alpha}$-tocopherol/kg (T1), 100 IU ${\alpha}$-tocopherol/kg (T2), 200IU ${\alpha}$-tocopherol/kg (T3), 0.3 ppm selenium/kg (T4), and 100 IU ${\alpha}$-tocopherol/kg + 0.3 ppm selenium/kg (T5) for five weeks. Growth performance and proximate composition of chicken thigh meat were not influenced by all dietary treatments, except for crude fat, which was significantly lower in the treatment with ${\alpha}$-tocopherol or selenium, or both compared to control. The dietary ${\alpha}$-tocopherol and selenium supplementation had no significant effects on pH, CIE $L^*$ (lightness), and $b^*$ (yellowness) values but TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance) values were decreased (P<0.05) by the addition of ${\alpha}$-tocopherol and selenium. CIE $a^*$ (redness) values increased significantly with added ${\alpha}$-tocopherol and selenium relative to the control (P<0.05). Likewise, changes in fatty acid composition in chicken thigh meat with the dietary supplementations with ${\alpha}$-tocopherol, selenium and their combination significantly increased (P<0.05) unsaturated fatty acid, whereas saturated fatty acid were decreased. It was concluded that the addition of 200 IU ${\alpha}$-tocopherol (T3) and 100 IU of ${\alpha}$-tocopherol plus 0.3 ppm selenium (T5) were most effectiveness in the improvements in the lipid oxidative stability of chicken meat when compared to the control.