• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2001

Nucleotide sequence in internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of ribosomal DNA among mulberry varieties (Morus species) were analyzed in order to identify the possibility of classification for the species. The variations in the ITS regions were compared among 9 mulberry varieties and one variety of Cudrania species as an outgroup. ITS 1 region of the varieties ranging from 219 to 220 bp in length was 49-50 bp shorter than ITS 2 region. Of 510 sites in the ITS 1 and 2 regions, 148 sites were potentially variable, of which 52% and 48% sites were distributed in ITS 1 and ITS 2 regions, respectively. By pairwise comparisons on the nucleotide sequences in the ITS 1 and 2 regions among 9 mulberry varieties, they were classified into 5 groups. Divergence values of the sequences, however, were considerably low ranging from 0 to 1.3%. Especially, there was no divergence among Backasipmunja, Chungilppong and Milsungpong and Jungyasang, Ssarigol II and Yulbon, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.60-66
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• 2004

This study was carried out to confirm the phylogenetic relationships in Korean Rhus species. Sequences from internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA and rbcL gene of chloroplast DNA were determined. Cotinus coggygria was selected as outgroup because it is closest allied with Rhus in Anacardiaceae. Also, ingroup was limited as six Korean Rhus species. ITS 1 sequences in six species of Rhus and one species of Cotinus ranged from 246 to 253 bp and ITS 2 sequences from 234 to 244 bp. Concerning the G+C content of the studied taxa, ITS 1 sequences ranged from 58.0 to 68.13% and ITS 2 from 59.75 to 68.46%. On the other hand, rbcL sequences were same size in the all species examined by 1,428 bp. G+C contents of rbcL sequences were ranged from 43.56 to 43.77% which means there are nearly no different from interspecies each other. Phylogenetic tree strongly supports the colse relationships between R. succedanea and R. sylvestris. Rhus javanica and Cotinus coggygria were also closely allied with each other in ITS and rbcL trees. Therefore, R. javanica was regarded as most primitive species among the Korean Rhus species. ITS 1 region of nuclear ribosomal DNA was suggested as very useful taxonomical marker for genus Rhus.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 2009

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker and sequence analyses of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA were used to assess phylogenetic relationships of four Korean oyster species. The average number of species-specific markers identified from five universal rice primers (URPs) by RAPD-PCR was 1.8 for Crassostrea gigas, 3.2 for C. nippona, 3.6 for C. ariakensis, and 4.6 for Ostrea denselamellosa. The length of the ITS (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) region ranged from 1,001 to 1,206 bp (ITS1, 426-518 bp; 5.8S, 157 bp; and ITS2, 418-536 bp), while the GC content ranged from 55.5-61.1% (ITS1, 56.8-61.8%; 5.8S, 56-57.3%; and ITS2, 54.1-62.2%). A phylogenetic analysis of the oysters based on our RAPD, ITS1, and ITS2 sequence data revealed a close relationship between C. gigas and C. nippona and a distant relationship between the genera Crassostrea and Ostrea. Our results indicated that RAPD and ITS sequence analysis was a useful tool for the elucidation of phylogenetic relationships and for the selection of species-specific markers in Korean oysters.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.10
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• pp.1260-1266
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• 2013

The ribosomal DNA (rDNA) clusters of Hypsizygus marmoreus 3-10 and H. marmoreus 1-1 were analyzed in this study. The small subunit (SSU) and intergenic spacer 2 (IGS 2) was partially sequenced. The internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS 1), 5.8S, internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS 2), large subunit (LSU), intergenic spacer 1 (IGS 1), and 5S were completely sequenced. The rDNA clusters of H. marmoreus 3-10 and H. marmoreus 1-1 were 7,049 bp in length. The sequence of SSU rDNA, which corresponded to 18S rDNA, was 1,796 bp in length, and the sequence of LSU rDNA, which corresponded to 28S rDNA, was 3,348 bp in length. The ITS region that variable region and IGS region that non-transcribed spacer was 462 bp and 1,290 bp in length. The sequence of 5.8S rDNA and 5S rDNA was 153 bp and 43 bp in length, respectively. The 17 bp of the rDNA cluster in the H. marmoreus 3-10 strain was different to that in the H. marmoreus 1-1 strain, with 2 bp in the SSU, 3 bp in the ITS, 9 bp in the LSU, and 3 bp in the IGS. The analysis of the secondary structure revealed that the ITS regions of H. marmoreus 3-10 and H. marmoreus 1-1 have five stem-loop structures. Interestingly, among these structures, one different nucleotide sequence resulted in a different secondary structure in stem-loop V.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.145-148
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• 2004

We compared the DNA sequence difference of isolates of Clonorchis sinensis from one Korean (Kimhae) and two Chinese areas (Guangxi and Shenyang), The sequences of nuclear rDNA (18S, internal transcribed spacer 1 and 2: ITS1 and ITS2) and mitochondrial DNA (cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1: cox1) were compared. A very few intraspecific nucleotide substitution of the 18S, ITS1, ITS2 and cox1 was found among three isolates of C. sinensis and a few nucleotide insertion and deletion of ITS1 were detected. The 18S, ITS1, ITS2 and cox1 sequences were highly conserved among three isolates. These findings indicated that the Korean and two Chinese isolates are similar at the DNA sequence level.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.27 no.5 s.92
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• pp.337-340
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• 1999

The context and upper surface of Phellinus basidiocarp become blackened, rimose and woody. The basidiocarp is sessile, dimidiate and elongate. The basidiospores are pigmented and ovoid to globose. Hymenial setae are $17{\sim}35{\times}6{\sim}8{\mu}m$. Nineteen isolates of Phellinus species, including Phellinus linteus, were used for sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the nuclear rDNA. Based on these sequence data, specific primers were designed for identification of Phellinus linteus isolates in Korea. The specific primers were within the ITS1 and ITS2 regions and were nested within the universal primers flanking the spacer regions. A total of four primers (the universal primers ITS-1F and ITS-4, and the specific primers PL-F and PL-R) were used for detection of Phellinus linteus collected in Korea. The length of the four amplification products of Phellinus linteus DNA were 800 bp (ITS-1F/ITS-4), two bands of about 720 bp (ITS-1F/PL-R and PL-F/ITS-4), and 610 bp (PL-F/PL-R). Among 23 isolates of Phellinus species collected in Korea, Thirteen isolates were identified as Phellinus linteus based on the presence of the four bands. The other species produced only the single ITS-1F/ITS-4 product.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.220-227
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• 2007

The development of suitable genetic markers would be useful for defining species and delineating the species boundaries of morphologically indistinguishable sponges. In this study, genetic variation in the sequences of nuclear rDNA and the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 and 3 (CO1 and CO3) regions were compared in morphologically indistinguishable Korean Halichondriidae sponges in order to determine the most suitable species-specific molecular marker region. The maximal congeneric nucleotide divergences of Halichondriidae sponges in CO1 and CO3 are similar to those found among anthozoan cnidarians, but they are 2- to 8-fold lower than those found among genera of other triploblastic metazoans. Ribosomal internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS: ITS1 + ITS2) showed higher congeneric variation (17.28% in ITS1 and 10.29% in ITS2) than those of CO1 and CO3. Use of the guidelines for species thresholds suggested in the recent literature indicates that the mtDNA regions are not appropriate for use as species-specific DNA markers for the Halichondriidae sponges, whereas the rDNA ITS regions are suitable because ITS exhibits a low level of intraspecific variation and a relatively high level of interspecific variation. In addition, to test the reliability of the ITS regions for identifying Halichondriidae sponges by PCR, a species-specific multiplex PCR primer set was developed.

• 한국ITS학회지
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.40-50
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• 2003

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.261-265
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• 2007

Insulin, transferrin and selenium (ITS) complex is reported to improve in vitro development of oocytes and embryos. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of ITS during in vitro culture (IVC) of porcine parthenogenetic and nuclear transfer (NT) embryos on subsequent developmental capacity in vitro. The electrically activated oocytes were cultured in Porcine Zygote Medium (PZM-3) with various concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0%) of ITS for 7 days. Also, the electrically activated reconstructed embryos were cultured in PZM-3 with various concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0%) of ITS for 6 days. Addition of ITS to culture medium did not affect development of porcine parthenogenetic embryos in vitro. To test the effect of ITS on the in vitro development of porcine NT embryos, factorial experiments were also performed for in vitro maturation (IVM) medium (TCM-199) with or without 1% ITS and culture medium (PZM-3) with or without 0.5% ITS. Addition of 0.5% ITS to culture medium increased (p<0.05) the proportion of NT blastocysts compared with non-treated group. In contrast, addition of 1% ITS to culture medium was ineffective or had a detrimental effect. Also, addition of ITS only to maturation medium increased (p<0.05) the percentage of NT blastocysts formation compared with the control group. In conclusion, addition of ITS to IVM or IVC medium could improve subsequent blastocyst development of porcine NT embryos.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.66-77
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• 1999

The sequences coding for the 5.8S rDNA and the internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS 2) from the isolates of nine isolates of Gyrodinium impudicum and two isolates of Gymnodinium sanguineum species were amplified, sequenced and compared with the previously known Alexandrium species and Gymnodinium catenatum. The genetic distance analyses based on the sequence alignment indicated that Gymnodinium catenatum and Gyrodinium impudicum species were some related, Alexandrium species was distant. G. catenatum and G. sanguineum were quite separate, but these two species belonged to the same genus. G. impudicum and G. catenatum forming the closet cluster showed some variation in the alignment of ITS regions. The length of ITS1 varied more than that of ITS2 and the length of ITS1 and ITS2 was different for each G. impudicum, Gymnodinium and Alexandrium species. Also, the length of ITS1 was shorter than that of ITS2. However, on the sequences of G. sanguineum, the length of ITS1 was longer about 23 nucleotides than that of ITS2. The phylogenetic analysis and rDNA similarity of G. impudicum and G. catenatum $(59\%)$ is higher than the that of G. catenatum and G. sanguineum $(55\%)$. It was thought that the phylogenetic analysis and the genetic distance revealed that G. impudicum and G. catenatum were clearly different species and G. impudicum may belong to the genus of Gymnodinium.