• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.63-86
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• 2010

Personalized services directly and indirectly acquire personal data, in part, to provide customers with higher-value services that are specifically context-relevant (such as place and time). Information technologies continue to mature and develop, providing greatly improved performance. Sensory networks and intelligent software can now obtain context data, and that is the cornerstone for providing personalized, context-specific services. Yet, the danger of overflowing personal information is increasing because the data retrieved by the sensors usually contains privacy information. Various technical characteristics of context-aware applications have more troubling implications for information privacy. In parallel with increasing use of context for service personalization, information privacy concerns have also increased such as an unrestricted availability of context information. Those privacy concerns are consistently regarded as a critical issue facing context-aware personalized service success. The entire field of information privacy is growing as an important area of research, with many new definitions and terminologies, because of a need for a better understanding of information privacy concepts. Especially, it requires that the factors of information privacy should be revised according to the characteristics of new technologies. However, previous information privacy factors of context-aware applications have at least two shortcomings. First, there has been little overview of the technology characteristics of context-aware computing. Existing studies have only focused on a small subset of the technical characteristics of context-aware computing. Therefore, there has not been a mutually exclusive set of factors that uniquely and completely describe information privacy on context-aware applications. Second, user survey has been widely used to identify factors of information privacy in most studies despite the limitation of users' knowledge and experiences about context-aware computing technology. To date, since context-aware services have not been widely deployed on a commercial scale yet, only very few people have prior experiences with context-aware personalized services. It is difficult to build users' knowledge about context-aware technology even by increasing their understanding in various ways: scenarios, pictures, flash animation, etc. Nevertheless, conducting a survey, assuming that the participants have sufficient experience or understanding about the technologies shown in the survey, may not be absolutely valid. Moreover, some surveys are based solely on simplifying and hence unrealistic assumptions (e.g., they only consider location information as a context data). A better understanding of information privacy concern in context-aware personalized services is highly needed. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to identify a generic set of factors for elemental information privacy concern in context-aware personalized services and to develop a rank-order list of information privacy concern factors. We consider overall technology characteristics to establish a mutually exclusive set of factors. A Delphi survey, a rigorous data collection method, was deployed to obtain a reliable opinion from the experts and to produce a rank-order list. It, therefore, lends itself well to obtaining a set of universal factors of information privacy concern and its priority. An international panel of researchers and practitioners who have the expertise in privacy and context-aware system fields were involved in our research. Delphi rounds formatting will faithfully follow the procedure for the Delphi study proposed by Okoli and Pawlowski. This will involve three general rounds: (1) brainstorming for important factors; (2) narrowing down the original list to the most important ones; and (3) ranking the list of important factors. For this round only, experts were treated as individuals, not panels. Adapted from Okoli and Pawlowski, we outlined the process of administrating the study. We performed three rounds. In the first and second rounds of the Delphi questionnaire, we gathered a set of exclusive factors for information privacy concern in context-aware personalized services. The respondents were asked to provide at least five main factors for the most appropriate understanding of the information privacy concern in the first round. To do so, some of the main factors found in the literature were presented to the participants. The second round of the questionnaire discussed the main factor provided in the first round, fleshed out with relevant sub-factors. Respondents were then requested to evaluate each sub factor's suitability against the corresponding main factors to determine the final sub-factors from the candidate factors. The sub-factors were found from the literature survey. Final factors selected by over 50% of experts. In the third round, a list of factors with corresponding questions was provided, and the respondents were requested to assess the importance of each main factor and its corresponding sub factors. Finally, we calculated the mean rank of each item to make a final result. While analyzing the data, we focused on group consensus rather than individual insistence. To do so, a concordance analysis, which measures the consistency of the experts' responses over successive rounds of the Delphi, was adopted during the survey process. As a result, experts reported that context data collection and high identifiable level of identical data are the most important factor in the main factors and sub factors, respectively. Additional important sub-factors included diverse types of context data collected, tracking and recording functionalities, and embedded and disappeared sensor devices. The average score of each factor is very useful for future context-aware personalized service development in the view of the information privacy. The final factors have the following differences comparing to those proposed in other studies. First, the concern factors differ from existing studies, which are based on privacy issues that may occur during the lifecycle of acquired user information. However, our study helped to clarify these sometimes vague issues by determining which privacy concern issues are viable based on specific technical characteristics in context-aware personalized services. Since a context-aware service differs in its technical characteristics compared to other services, we selected specific characteristics that had a higher potential to increase user's privacy concerns. Secondly, this study considered privacy issues in terms of service delivery and display that were almost overlooked in existing studies by introducing IPOS as the factor division. Lastly, in each factor, it correlated the level of importance with professionals' opinions as to what extent users have privacy concerns. The reason that it did not select the traditional method questionnaire at that time is that context-aware personalized service considered the absolute lack in understanding and experience of users with new technology. For understanding users' privacy concerns, professionals in the Delphi questionnaire process selected context data collection, tracking and recording, and sensory network as the most important factors among technological characteristics of context-aware personalized services. In the creation of a context-aware personalized services, this study demonstrates the importance and relevance of determining an optimal methodology, and which technologies and in what sequence are needed, to acquire what types of users' context information. Most studies focus on which services and systems should be provided and developed by utilizing context information on the supposition, along with the development of context-aware technology. However, the results in this study show that, in terms of users' privacy, it is necessary to pay greater attention to the activities that acquire context information. To inspect the results in the evaluation of sub factor, additional studies would be necessary for approaches on reducing users' privacy concerns toward technological characteristics such as highly identifiable level of identical data, diverse types of context data collected, tracking and recording functionality, embedded and disappearing sensor devices. The factor ranked the next highest level of importance after input is a context-aware service delivery that is related to output. The results show that delivery and display showing services to users in a context-aware personalized services toward the anywhere-anytime-any device concept have been regarded as even more important than in previous computing environment. Considering the concern factors to develop context aware personalized services will help to increase service success rate and hopefully user acceptance for those services. Our future work will be to adopt these factors for qualifying context aware service development projects such as u-city development projects in terms of service quality and hence user acceptance.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2005

목적 : CT영상을 이용한 삼차원치료계획을 수립하여 방광과 직장의 점선량(point dose)과 체적선량(volume dose)에 대해 선량-체적 히스토그램(Dose-Volume Histogram)을 이용하여 자궁경부암의 강내치료에 사용하는 packing의 효과를 분석하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 자궁경부암 환자 7명을 대상으로 하여 동일조건하에서 packing을 시행했을 때와 제거했을 때 각각 CT촬영(Ultra Z, marconi, USA)을 하여 치료계획장치(Plato Brachy the Rapy V14.2.4)에서 방광과 직장의 reference point를 각각 표시하고 ICRU38에 따라 A point에 치료계획을 시행하였다. 하지만 rectum의 경우 ICRU에서 제시한 point가 rectum 선량을 대표할 수 있는 값으로 적절하지 않기 때문에 maximum point를 찾아 비교하였다. 그리고 rectum과 bladder의 $50\%,\;80\%,\;100\%$선량의 volume에 따른 체적선량을 알아보았다. 측정한 값들을 윌콕슨 부호검정(SAS 통계분석처리 프로그램)을 통하여 packing의 효과를 분석하였다. 결과 : Packing 제거 시에서의 방광과 직장의 reference point 선량은 $116.94{\pm}35.42\%,\;117.59{\pm}21.08\%$이었고, packing 시행한 경우에는 각각 $107.08{\pm}38.12\%,\;95.19{\pm}21.32\%$이었다. Packing시행 후에 방광은 $9.86\%$, 직장은 $22.4\%$감소하였다. Packing제거시의 방광과 직장 maximum point 선량은 $164.51{\pm}50.89\%,\;128.81{\pm}33.05\%$, packing시행한 경우 각각 $142.31{\pm}44.79,\;110.08{\pm}37.03\%$이었다. packing시행 후에 방광과직장 maximum point 선량이 $22.2\%,\;18.73\%$줄어들었다. packing제거시 방광과 직장선량의 $50\%,\;80\%,\;100\%$선량의 Volume은 방광이 $48.62{\pm}18.09\%,\;16.12{\pm}11.15\%,\;7.51{\pm}6.63\%$, 직장이 $23.41{\pm}14.44\%,\;6.27{\pm}4.28\%,\;2.79{\pm}2.27\%$이었고, packing시행한 경우의 $50\%,\;80\%,\;100\%$선량의 volume은 방광이 $40.33{\pm}16.72\%,\;11.63{\pm}8.72\%,\;4.87{\pm}4.75\%$, 직장이 $18.96{\pm}8.37\%,\;4.75{\pm}2.58\%,\;1.58{\pm}1.06\%$이었다. packing시행 후에 $50\%,\;80\%,\;100\%$선량의 volume 방광은 $8.29\%,\;4.49\%,\;2.64\%$, 직장은 $4.45\%,\;1.52\%,\;1.21\%$ 감소하였다. 결론 : 자궁경부암의 강내치료 시 사용하는 packing의 효과를 CT를 이용한 삼차원치료계획을 통하여 알아본 결과 ICRU 38에서 권고하는 방광과 직장의 기준 점선량(reference point dose)의 경우 P값이 각각 0.0781, 0.0781이었고, 최대점선량(maximum point dose)은 P값이 각각 0.0156, 0.0156으로써 유의한 차이를 보이는 것으로 나타났으나 $50\%,\;80\%,\;100\%$를 초과하는 체적선량(volume dose)의 경우 p갈이 0.15이상으로써 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 다시 말해서 packing의 효과가 점선량의 경우 차이가 있는 것으로 보이지만 실제 체적선량은 별 차이가 없는 것으로 분석되었다. 그 이유를 살펴보니 방광과 직장의 용적(volume)은 넓은데 비해 packing을 하는 부분은 일부분에 지나지 않아서 큰 선량감소의 효과가 없었던 것으로 보인다. 하지만 방사선의 강도는 거리 역 제곱에 비례하므로 거리가 멀면 멀수록 방사선의 강도는 약해진다. 따라서 packing을 실시하여 방광과 직장의 장해를 최소화하는데 노력을 기울여야 할 것이다.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.196-205
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• 2004

종횡비, 다각형 모양에 따른 평판과 범포의 유체역학적 특성을 규명하고자 직사각형, 사다리꼴 모양으로 모형 평판과 범포를 제작하고 회류수조에서 양 ${\cdot}$ 항력 실험을 수행하였다. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 직사각형 평판의 경우, 종횡비가 1 이하인 모형에서는 영각 40${\sim}$42$^{\circ}$에서 최대 $C_L$이 1.46${\sim}$1.54, 1.5 이상인 모형에서는 20${\sim}$22$^{\circ}$에서 10.7${\sim}$1.11 정도였다. 직사각형 범포의 경우, 종횡비가 1 이하인 모형에서는 영각 32${\sim}$40$^{\circ}$에서 최대 $C_L$이 1.75${\sim}$1.91, 1.5 이상인 모형에서는 18${\sim}$22$^{\circ}$에서 1.248${\sim}$1.40 정도였다. 같은 직사각형 모형에서는 범포가 평판보다 $C_L$은 크게, 양항비는 작게 나타났다. 2. 사다리꼴 범포의 경우, 종횡비가 1.5 이하인 모형에서는 영각 34${\sim}$44$^{\circ}$에서 최대 $C_L$이 1.65${\sim}$1.89, 2인 모형에서는 14${\sim}$48$^{\circ}$에서 $C_L$이 약 1.00 전후였다. 역사다리꼴 범포의 경우, 종횡비가 1.5 이하인 모형에서는 영각 24${\sim}$36$^{\circ}$에서 최대 $C_L$이 1.57${\sim}$1.74, 2인 모형에서는 18$^{\circ}$에서 1.21이었다. 같은 사다리꼴 범포 모형에서는 전자의 모형이 후자보다 $C_L$은 조금 크게, 양항비는 작게 나타났다. 3. 모형에서 물의 유체력을 많이 받을 수 있는 곳에서 만곡꼭지점이 만들어지며, 직사각형, 사다리꼴 모형에서는 종횡비가 클수록, 역사다리꼴 모형에서는 종횡비가 클수록, 역사다리꼴 모형에서는 작을수록 만곡꼭지점의 위치도 컸다. 4. 만곡도는 전 모형에서 종횡비가 클수록 컸으며, 직사각형, 사다리꼴 모형에서 영각의 클수록 컸고 직사각형 모형이 사다리꼴 모형보다 컸다.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.165-183
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• 2016

스마트폰을 넘어 차세대 IT 비즈니스의 주목할 만한 후보군으로 가상현실이 이슈가 되고 있다. 가상현실은 컴퓨터와 VR헤드셋을 통해 구현한 입체적인 가상공간을 제공함으로써 사용자의 시각을 완전히 장악하고, 청각, 촉각 등 오감과의 상호작용 및 음성, 동작인식 등을 통해 가상공간을 마치 현실처럼 느끼게 한다는 점에서 향후 주목할 만한 산업 분야로 떠오르고 있다. 많은 글로벌 대기업들이 가상현실과 관련한 사업에 투자를 하고 있으나 소비자의 관점에서 가상현실 관련 제품군은 아직 쉽게 접하거나 구매하기 어려운 제품군으로 인식된다. 그렇기 때문에 소비자의 태도 변화가 큰 변화가 발생되고 있지 않으며 Acception & Diffusion 모델의 초기단계에 지나지 않아 구매로 연결되지 않는 실정이다. 본 연구는 기존 선행연구의 관점을 바탕으로 가상현실 헤드기어 제품들의 판매 촉진을 위한 사용자 관점에서의 사용자 저항을 매개 변수로 저항을 감소시키고 사용 및 구매의도에 영향을 주는 선행요인들을 도출하고자 하였으며 사용자가 가지고 있는 태도에 대한 자신감에 영향을 주어 행동 의도까지 변화시키는 현상에 대한 분석을 하고자 하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 태도 자신감에 대한 사용 용이성과 사용 혁신성의 영향력을 확인할 수 있었다. 마찬가지로 사용자 혁신저항에 영향력을 주는 변수로는 가격, 심미적 외관, 즐거움, 콘텐츠 및 화질 관련 변수들을 도출하였다. 결과적으로 본 연구는 태도 자신감의 가상현실 혁신 수용에 대한 영향력을 제시하고 가격 이외 변수인 콘텐츠의 양과 저항감의 관계성을 바탕으로 관련 변수들을 제시하였다. 특히 초기 시장인 가상현실 제품의 특성에 따라 브랜드에 대한 선점효과의 필요성과 콘텐츠의 부족함 등이 실무적으로 해결해야 할 과제로서 확인되었다.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.461-473
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• 2002

본 연구는 지구과학 ‘해양’ 단원에서 제시된 5가지 주제에 대하여 개념도를 작성한 후 이를 중학교 과학 수업에 적용하여 그 효과를 분석하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 본 연구에서 작성된 개념도를 활용한 수업을 실험집단인 고등학교 2학년 2개 학급을 대상으로 운영하고 전통적인 수업을 실시한 비교집단과 비교한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 개념도활용 수업과 전통적인 수업이 과학성취도에 미치는 효과를 검증한 결과, 개념도 활용 수업이 전통적인 과학수업에 비해 학생들의 과학성취도에 긍정적인 효과를 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 학습능력 수준에 따라 두 가지 수업의 효과를 비교한 결과, 학습능력이 높은 학습자보다 학습능력이 중 ${\cdot}$ 하위 수준의 학생들에게 더 효과적인 것으로 밝혀졌으며 개념도에서 위계가 분명한 학습내용일수록 개념도 활용 수업이 더 효과적이었다. 둘째, 개념도 활용 수업과 전통적인 수업이 과학에 대한 태도에 미치는 효과를 검증한 결과, ‘과학적 탐구에 대한 태도’ 범주와 ‘과학적 태도의 적용’ 범주에서는 개념도 활용 수업이 전통적인 수업보다 더 효과적이었다. 반면에 ‘과학수업의 즐거움’ 범주에서는 개념도 활용 수업과 전통적 수업의 효과에 차이가 나타나지 않아 개념도 작성에 대한 학습자들의 심리적인 부담을 반영해주었다. 셋째, 개념도 활용 수업 집단에 대한 설문 조사 결과 개념도 수업에 대한 학습자들의 인식은 전체적으로 긍정적인 것으로 나타났다. 하위 영역 별로 살펴보면 개념도 활용 수업이 학습내용의 이해 증진면에서 유리한 것으로 평가하였으며 학생이 작성한 개념도를 통해 수업 내용에 대한 확인이 용이하기 때문 평가도구로 활용가치가 높은 것으로 인식하였다. 파지력면에서 개념도는 배운 내용을 확인하고, 기억하는데 유용한 것으로 인식하였으나 활동성면과 흥미면에서는 다른 영역점수 보다 낮게 나타났다.가 1.2 mM, 1.8 mM인 경우 배양 14일에 염기성 인산분해효소의 활성도가 유의하게 증가하였으나, 2.5 mM인 경우 활성도가 감소하였다. 4. II-1 ${\beta}$의 활성도는 카페인을 단독 처리한 경우 0.2 mM, 1.0 mM에서, 칼슘 단독 처리시에는 1.8 mM에서, 혼합 처리시 0.1 mM 카페인과 1.8 mM 칼슘 혼합 처리한 경우 높게 나타났고, 고농도의 카페인, 칼슘 혼합 처리 시에는 낮게 나타났다 이러한 실험 결과를 통하여 칼슘이 1.2 mM, 1.8 mM 농도로 존재하는 경우 카페인에 의한 골모세포의 염기성 인산분해효소 활성과 IL-1 ${\beta}$의 활성 억제 효과가 어느 정도 회복되나, 2.5 mM 고농도의 칼슘은 억제된 활성을 회복시키지 못함을 확인하였다.지 않고 다양한 분야 즉 디자인, 생활 속에서의 벽지문양과 포장지, 예술작품 등에 활용되고 있음을 체험함으로써 수학이 실생활에 광범위하게 활용되고 있음을 알게 하였다. 역으로 생활 속에서의 테셀레이션을 통해 수학적 개념을 찾는 과정을 통해 수학이 아름다우면서도 실용적이라는 생각을 심어줄 수 있었다. 셋째, 테셀매니아, GSP, 캐브리, 거북기하 등 평소 수업에서는 활용도가 적은 컴퓨터 소프트웨어를 활용함으로써 컴퓨터 소프트웨어 자체에서 오는 호기심뿐만이 아니라 직접 조작하여 테셀레이션 작품과 개념을 익히고 새로운 작품과 학습을 해 내는 과정을 통해 자신감과 성취감 등에 있어 큰 변화가 있음을 발견할 수 있었다. 컴퓨터 기능이 미숙한 학생의 경우 처음에는 당황해 하고 어려워하는 부분도 있었으나 조작할 시간적 여유를 주고 교사와 우수한 학생들이 도우미로서 역할을 잘해내어 나중에는 큰 어려움 없이 마칠 수 있었다. 테셀레이션이라는 용어가 아직은 생소한 현장에서 교수 학습 자료가 부족하고 그에 따른 이해도 부족한

• 지능정보연구
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.45-67
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• 2017

"2016 인터넷이용실태조사"에 따르면 인터넷 이용자수 및 이용률은 점점 증가하고 있으며 접속방법에 있어서는 컴퓨터보다 스마트폰을 통한 접속이 많아지고 있다. 스마트기기의 증가에 따라 초고속인터넷의 수요가 감소할 것이라는 전망도 있다. 하지만, 스마트기기의 증가에도 불구하고 기가인터넷을 통한 속도 향상과 IoT 시장의 성장으로 인해 초고속인터넷 시장은 당분간 유지될 것으로 전망된다. 시장의 포화로 인해 통신사업자들이 신규고객 확보를 위해 과도한 경쟁을 하고 있지만, 고객이탈의 원인을 알 수 있다면 보다 효과적인 마케팅을 통해 과도한 마케팅비용을 절감할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 본 연구에서는 통신사업자 A사가 보유하고 있는 안양시, 군포시, 의왕시 3개 도시의 결합유형별 해지 데이터와, 통계청으로부터 구한 지역별 데이터를 결합하여, 지역별 해지율과 이에 영향을 미치는 지역특성간의 관계를 분석하고자 하였다. 특히 인접지역에 따라 결합유형별 해지율의 분포에 차이가 있을 것으로 보고, 클러스터링을 이용하여 해지유형이 유사한 지역을 도출 및 분석하고자 하였다. 공간검색통계도구인 SatScan은 기존의 클러스터링 방법에 공간정보를 추가하여 인접지역을 중심으로 군집이 형성되도록 한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 SatScan을 이용해 지역의 공간정보를 기반으로 유사지역을 군집화하고, 군집별 해지율과 지역별 데이터와의 연관성을 분석하였다. 분석 단계에서는 먼저 공간정보와 해지데이터를 결합하여 도출된 군집들의 특성을 정리하였으며, 다음으로 군집분석 결과를 바탕으로 하여 각 동의 초고속 인터넷 해지율과 지역별 데이터와의 연관성을 분산분석, 상관분석, 회귀분석을 이용하여 분석하였다. 그리고, 분석결과를 기반으로 하여 지역에 따른 적절한 마케팅 방안을 제안하였다.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1-18
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• 1973

중층트를 어구(漁具)의 소해심도(掃海深度)를 일정(一定)한 적정어획속도(適正漁獲速度)에서 기동성(機動性)있게 변화(變化)시키기 위하여 기초적인 모형어구(模型漁具)의 수조실험(水槽實驗)과 특별(特別)히 고안한 깊이바꿈틀을 이용(利用)한 이차(二次)에 걸친 해상시험(海上試驗)을 통(通)하여 연구한 결과를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 중층(中層)트롤의 그물어구의 깊이 y는 끌줄의 길이 L과 단위(單位) 길이의 끌줄, 깊이바꿈틀 및 그물의 각(各) 수중중량(水中重量) $W_r,\;W_o,\;W_n$과 각(各) 항력(抗力) $R_r,\;R_o,\;R_n$ 사이의 관계(關係)는 차원해석법(次元解析法)에 의하면 다음과 같다. $$y=kLf(\frac{W_r}{R_r},\;\frac{W_o}{R_o},\;\frac{W_n}{R_n})$$ 단(但), k는 상수(常數)이고 f는 함수이다. 2. 단위 길이당(當)의 수중중량(水中重量) $W_r$, 길이 L인 끌줄 끝에 항력(抗力) $D_n$, 수중중량(水中重量) $W_n$d인 수중저항분를 매달고 끌줄의 다른 한 끝을 수면(水面)에서 예인(曳引)할 때,. 끌줄의 형상(形狀)을 현수곡선이라고 보면, 수중저항분의 깊이 y는 다음과 같다. $$y=\frac{1}{W_r}\{\sqrt{{D_n^2}+{(W_n+W_rL)^2}}-\sqrt{{D_n^2+W_n}^2\}$$ 3. 중층(中層)트롤의 그물어구(漁具)깊이의 변화(變化) ${\Delta}y$는 예강(曳綱)의 길이 L을 바꾸거나 추(錘) ${\Delta}W_n$를 부가(附加)하면 다음과 같다. $${\Delta}y{\approx}\frac{W_n+W_{r}L}{\sqrt{D_n^2+(W_n+W_{r}L)^2}}{\Delta}L$$ $${\Delta}y{\approx}\frac{1}{W_r}\{\frac{W_n+W_rL}{\sqrt{D_n^2+(W_n+W_{r}L)^2}}-{\frac{W_n}{\sqrt{D_n^2+W_n^2}}\}{\Delta}W_n$$ 단(但), $D_n$은 그물어구의 항력(抗力)이다. 4. 끌줄 상(上)의 중간점(中間点)에 추(錘) $W_s$를 부가(附加)할 때 중층(中層)트롤 그물어구의 깊이바꿈 ${\Delta}y$는 $${\Delta}y=\frac{1}{W_r}\{(T_{ur}'-T_{ur})-T_u'-T_u)\}$$ 단(但) $$T_{ur}^l=\sqrt{T_u^2+(W_s+W_{r}L)^2+2T_u(W_s+W_{r}L)sin{\theta}_u$$ $$T_{ur}=\sqrt{T_u^2+(W_{r}L)^2+2T_uW_{r}L\;sin{\theta}_u$$ $$T_{u}'=\sqrt{T_u^2+W_s^2+2T_uW_{s}\;sin{\theta}_u$$ $T_u$ 추(錘)를 부가(附加)하지 않았을 때 끌줄 상(上)의 중간점(中間点)에 있어서의 예인어선(曳引漁船) 쪽을 향하는 장력(張力)이고, ${\theta}_u$는 장력(張力) $T_u$와 수평방향(水平方向)과 이루는 각도(角度)이다. 5. 어떠한 형태(形態)의 저예강용(底曳綱用) 전개판(展開板)도 성능(性能)에 있서어 차이는 있으나 전중량(全重量)을 가볍게 하고 저변(底邊)에 무게를 달아 안정(安定)시키면 중층예강용(中層曳綱用)으로 사용(使用)할 수 있다는 것이 모형(模型) 실험(實驗)결과 밝혀졌다. 6. 모형(模型) 그물(Fig.6)의 수조실험(水槽實驗)에서는 예강속도(曳綱速度) v m/sec, 강고(綱高) H cm 및 수유저항(水流抵抗) R kg 사이에는 다음과 같은 간단(簡單)한 관계식(關係式)이 성립(成立)한다. $$H=8+\frac{10}{0.4+v}$$$R=3+9v^2$$ 7. 특별(特別)히 고안한 십자(十字)날개형(型) 깊이바꿈틀과 H날개형(型) 깊이 바꿈틀을 비교(比較)한 결과(結果) 전자(前者)보다 안정성(安定性)이 우월하였다. 8. 그물어구(漁具)의 유수저항(流水抵抗)이 매우 크며 또 거의가 항력(抗力)으로 볼 수 있으므로 깊이바꿈틀의 종류에 관계없이 그물어구의 소해심도(掃海深度)는 대단히 안정(安定)된 상태를 유지하였다. 9. H날개형(型) 깊이바꿈틀의 수평(水平)날개 면적율 $1.2{\times}2.4m^2$로 하였을 때 유수저항(流水抵抗) 2 ton의 그물 어구를 2.3kts로 예인(曳引)하면서 영각(迎角)을 $0^{\circ}{\sim}30^{\circ}$로 변화(變化)시킨 결과(結果), 끌줄의 길이에 관계없이 약(約) 20m의 깊이바꿈을 얻을 수 있었다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1985

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70$\pm$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32$\pm$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500, 550, 570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500, 550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100, 300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3, 000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
• /
• 한국우주과학회 1993년도 한국우주과학회보 제2권2호
• /
• pp.17-17
• /
• 1993

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70${\pm}$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32${\pm}$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500,550,570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500,550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100,300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3,000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.