• Title/Summary/Keyword: ITS활성화

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4-Hydroxynonenal Induces Endothelial Cell Apoptosis via ROS and Peroxynitrite Generation (4-Hydroxynonenal에 생성된 ROS와 peroxynitrite를 통한 내피세포의 세포사에 관한 연구)

  • Chung, Sang-Woon;Yee, Su-Bog;Lee, Ji-Young;Hossain, Mohammad Akbar;Kim, Dong-Hwan;Yoon, Jeong-Hyun;Chung, Hae-Young;Kim, Nam-Deuk;Kim, Nam-Deuk
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.21 no.7
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    • pp.961-968
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    • 2011
  • The formation of reactive lipid aldehydes, 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) is shown to be derived from fatty acid hydroperoxides through the oxidative process. Among its known effects in cytotoxicity, HNE has been implicated in apoptotic cell death. To delineate its putative role as a potential mediator, we investigated the mechanism by which HNE induces apoptosis of endothelial cells (ECs). The anti-proliferative effects of HNE were tested through MTT assay after exposure to various concentrations ($5\sim15\;{\mu}M$) of HNE. We observed apoptotic bodies with propidium iodide staining, and measured the HNE induction of endothelial apoptosis by flow cytometry assay. We observed that cells exposed to HNE for 24 hr resulted in increased poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage and up-regulation of Bax. Data on the HNE action strongly indicated the involvement of reactive species, namely, intracellular ROS, nitrite, and peroxynitrite. To obtain evidence on the implication of ROS and peroxynitrite in HNE-induced apoptosis, a ROS scavenger, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), and a peroxynitrite scavenger, penicillamine, were tested. Results clearly indicate that the induction of apoptosis by HNE was effectively inhibited by NAC and penicillamine. Based on the present data, we conclude that the endothelial apoptosis induced by HNE involves both ROS generation and peroxynitrite activity. Our new data could lead to a redefinition of HNE action on apoptosis in ECs.

A STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF THE ND:YAG LASER IRRADIATION ON THE MECHANICALLY EXPOSED PULP (기계적 노출치수의 Nd:YAG 레이저 조사효과에 대한 연구)

  • Lee, Sang-Ho;Lee, Chang-Seop;Kim, Su-Gwan
    • Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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    • v.29 no.2
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    • pp.146-158
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    • 2002
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Nd:YAG laser on mechanically exposed pulp of dog by the observation of pulpal inflammatory change and heal process including dentinal bridge, structural changes of fibroblasts of thr remaining vital pulp tissue. In experimental group 1, the exposed pulps were irradiated with Nd:YAG laser(3W, 30Hz, 0.2sec) for $2{\sim}3$ second followed by capped with aluminium tin foil. In group 2 and group 3, the exposed pulps were irradiated with Nd:YAG laser via contact(Group 2) and non-contact(Group 3) methods followed by capped with calciumhydroxide paste. The animal were sacrificed at the intervals of 3, 7, 14 and 30days for histologic evaluation. The results were as follows : 1. The dentinal bridges were formwd more fast and broadly in the experimental group 1 and 2 than other groups, but there were no histologic differences in the degree of their formation among control group, experimental group 1. 2. Odontoblastic activities at amputated pulp was increased in the experimental group 2, 3 than other group but there no histologic difference in the odontblastic activitiy among control group, experimental group 1. 3. The infalmmation was severe at the postoperative 1 week of all groups, but its condition subsideed with time elapsed. At the postoperative 3, 7 days, its condition in experimental group 2, 3 were less severe than in the group 1. 4. There were no histologic differences between the experimental group 2 and 3 according to the degree of dentin bridge formation.

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Estimation of storability for Korean apples (Malus domestica) using Md-ACS1 and Md-ACO1 DNA marker (Md-ACS1 및 Md-ACO1 분자표지를 이용한 국내육성사과의 저장성 예측)

  • Kwon, Young Soon;Kwon, Soon-Il;Kim, Seon Ae;Kweon, Hun-Joong;Yoo, Jingi;Ryu, Seulgi;Kang, In-Kyu;Kim, Jeong-Hee
    • Food Science and Preservation
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    • v.24 no.7
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    • pp.891-897
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    • 2017
  • Apple (Malus domestica) is a climacteric fruit because of its high respiration and ethylene production. Ethylene affects the fruit by decreasing its quality and storability. Md-ACS1 and Md-ACO1 genes are involved in ethylene biosynthesis in apple; the Md-ACS1-2 and Md-ACO1-1 alleles are associated with low ethylene production. We conducted an analysis to study Md-ACS1 and Md-ACO1, and to examine ethylene production and softening rate of fruit at room temperature ($20^{\circ}C$) storage in 'Fuji (FJ)', 'Golden Supreme (GS)', and 5 cultivars of Korean apples ('RubyS (RS)', 'Hongro (HR)', 'Arisoo (AS)', 'Summer King (SK)', 'Greenball (GB)'). The result showed that an increase in the number of the alleles (ACS1-2, ACO1-1) decreased the ethylene production and softening rate. The presence of ACS1-1/1, ACO1-1/2 was confirmed in GS and the highest ethylene production and softening rate was observed. Ethylene production and softening rate of SK and GB expressing ACS1-1/2, ACO1-1/2 were higher than that of HR and AS, expressing ACS1-2/2, ACO1-1/2, but lower than GS. FJ with ACS1-2/2, ACO1-1/1 showed the lowest ethylene production and softening rate among all cultivars except RS. The Md-ACS1 and Md-ACO1 DNA markers could potentially be used to estimate storability and applied in marker assisted selection the improve the efficiency of apple breeding.

Suppressive Effect of Green Tea Seed Coat Ethyl Acetate Fraction on Inflammation and Its Mechanism in RAW264.7 Macrophage Cell (RAW264.7 Macrophage Cell에서 녹차씨껍질 에틸아세테이트 분획의 염증억제 효과 및 기전 연구)

  • Noh, Kyung-Hee;Jang, Ji-Hyun;Min, Kwan-Hee;Chinzorig, Radnaabazar;Lee, Mi-Ock;Song, Young-Sun
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.40 no.5
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    • pp.625-634
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    • 2011
  • Green tea seed coat (GTSC) was extracted with 100% ethanol for 4 hr and then fractionated with petroleum ether (PE), ethyl acetate (EtOAC) and butanol (BuOH). The EtOAC fraction showed the highest level in total phenol contents and the lowest level in nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cell. Thus, this study was carried out to investigate the anti-inflammatory and its mechanisms of GTSC EtOAC fraction in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cell. GTSC EtOAC fraction contained EGC ($1146.48{\pm}11.01\;{\mu}g/g$), tannic acid ($966.99{\pm}32.24\;{\mu}g/g$), EC ($70.88{\pm}4.39\;{\mu}g/g$), gallic acid ($947.61{\pm}1.03\;{\mu}g/g$), caffeic acid ($37.69{\pm}1.46\;{\mu}g/g$), ECG ($35.46{\pm}3.19\;{\mu}g/g$), and EGCG ($15.53{\pm}0.09\;{\mu}g/g$) when analyzed by HPLC. NO production was significantly (p<0.05) suppressed in a dose-dependent manner with an $IC_{50}$ of $80.11\;{\mu}g$/mL. Also prostaglandin $E_2$ level was also inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, iNOS protein expression was suppressed in dose-dependent manner but COX-2 gene expression was not affected. Total antioxidant capacity and glutathione (GSH) levels were enhanced more than the LPS-control. Expressions of antioxidative enzymes including catalase, GSH-reductase and Mn-SOD were elevated compared to LPS-control. Nuclear p65 level was decreased in the GTSC EtOAC fraction in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicate that GTSC EtOAC fraction inhibit oxidative stress and inflammatory responses through elevated GSH levels, antioxidative enzymes expressions and suppression of iNOS expression via NF-${\kappa}B$ down-regulation.

Extraction of Acetylcholinestrase from the Housefly and Three Other Insect Species for In Vitro Anticholinesterase Screening (In Vitro Anticholinesterase 스크리닝을 위한 집파리 및 3종 곤충으로부터의 Acetylcholinesterase의 추출)

  • 이시혁;이준호;조광연
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.30 no.1
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    • pp.18-28
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    • 1991
  • The optimal pH of the extraction buffer was 7.5 considiering AChE stability and its buffer capacity when AChE was isolated and extracted from the housefly(Musca domesitca L.)and three other insect species with 0.01 M sodium phosphate buffer. Also, the optimal pH of the reaction buffer was 7.5 considering enzyme activity and its buffer capacity when AChE activity was measured with the substrate in 0.1 M sodium phosphate buffer. The Potter Elvehjem type homogenizer with Teflon pestle was used to homgenize the tissues. When preparing a AChE suspension by centrifuging the homogenate, 700 g supernatant of adult head for the housefly, 700 g supernatnat of 5th instar nymphal whole body for the brown planthopper, lipid-eliminated 10,000 g supernatant of 5th instar larval whole body for the diamondback moth, and 700 g supernatant of 4th instar larval head for the tobacco cutworm were considered satisfactory as enzyme sources in view of mass preparation, extraction efficiency and stability of enzyme activity during evaluation. When AChE suspensions of 4 insect species were stored at $-18^{\circ}C$, more than 90% of activity was maintained up to 3 weeks. Km values of AChEs of the housefly, the brown planthopper, and the diamondback moth were 0.042, 0.037 and 0.043 mM, respectively and AChE-specific substrate inhibition was observed at high concentration. Km value of the tobacco cutworm ChE was 1.15 mM and BuChE characteristics was observed, though further study is needed. The optimal substrate concentration for the AChE inhibition tests was 0.5 mM for the housfly, the brown planthopper, and the diamondback moth and 12 mM for the tobacco cutworm.

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Healthy Korea 2010 : Role of the Health Educator (Healthy Korea 2010추진과 보건교육 인력 활용 전략)

  • Choi, Eun-Jin
    • Proceedings of The Korean Society of Health Promotion Conference
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    • 2004.10a
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    • pp.89-109
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    • 2004
  • The Korean Government has produced the Health Plan 2010 aimed at setting up healthy Korea objectives, policies on preventing chronic diseases, reshaping the country's health and medical infrastructure. The policy goal targets the people's healthy life expectancy at 75 by 2010, and includes healthy life practice measures including health education, health improvement services, and disease management measures, in achieving the objectives. Also, the plan provides life cycle-based health improvement and disease prevention services, as well as pushes ahead with projects with greater ripple effects in each area. To this end, the government is simultaneously pushing to operate an experts-centered health promotion committee and establishing the infrastructure including the augmentation of national health improvement funds. Through its Health Plan 20 I 0, the Korean Government will exert efforts to achieve its policy objectives as addressed in the measures by enhancing the national potential health and providing systematic disease prevention services.

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The Utilization Rate of Community Health Practitioner Post by Some Rural Residents and Its Associated Factors (일부 농촌지역 주민의 보건진료소 이용도와 관련요인)

  • Lee, Woon-A;Ryu, So-Yeon;Park, Jong;Kim, Suk-Il;Kim, Ki-Soon
    • Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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    • v.25 no.1
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    • pp.133-147
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    • 2000
  • To provide data for the improvement of primary health care through the study on the utilization rate of community health practitioner(CHP) post and its related factors toward some rural residents in Mooan County Chollanamdo, a questionnaire survey was made from 382 persons during August 1999. Comparison was made between persons at the seaside area under difficult transportation and persons at the railroad area under convenient transportation. The results are as follows: 1. For the last one year, 83.3% of seaside area residents and 67.0% of railroad area residents used CHP post. As the purpose of visit to CHP post at seaside area, 94.3% visited for medical care, 25.3% for chronic disease control and 22.2% for health counselling and 14.1% for chronic disease control. 2. By simple analysis, sex, age, marital status, educational level, residence area, distance from living village to CHP post, presence of chronic diseases, satisfaction with CHP and confidence on CHP were related significantly with the utilization of CHP post for the last one year. 3. By multiple logistic regression, statistically significant variables related with the utilization rate of CHP post for the last one year were analyzed as age, sex, residence area and distance from living village to CHP post.

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A Study on the Economic Valuation of the Suncheon Bay Wetland according to the Logit Model (로짓모형에 따른 순천만습지의 경제적 가치평가)

  • Lee, Jeong;Kim, Sa-rang;Kweon, Dae-gon;Jung, Bom-bi;Song, Sung-hwan;Kim, Sun-hwa
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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    • v.45 no.6
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    • pp.10-27
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    • 2017
  • Recently, the importance of recognizing the natural environment and the need for its conservation are increasing due to rapid urbanization. Suncheon Bay, designated as Scenic Site No. 41 and one of the World's Five Greatest Coastal Wetlands, is the only tideland among the tidal flats in Korea, which has salt marsh reserves. It has high conservation value from the ecological aspect. In addition to the Suncheon Bay National Garden, it provides various benefits not only to visitors but to local residents as well in terms of economics, environmental issues, and history and cultural aspects. Two million tourists visit the site annually, which has constantly highlighted the limits of ecological capacity. The valuation of the Suncheon Bay wetland is more important for the sustainability of the Suncheon Bay wetland than for its value as a tourism resource for the activation of the local economy. This study used the Logit model, which is commonly used among probabilistic choice models, to evaluate the economic value of Suncheon Bay wetland with the contingent valuation method(CVM). Applying the conservation value of the Suncheon Bay wetland to the benefit of KRW 8,200 for 1 person and 1 day, the benefit from exploration is KRW 2,050, the management and conservation value is KRW 3,034, and the heritage value is KRW 3,116. The results of this study are that benefit from the annual exploration of Suncheon Bay wetland was KRW 44.3 in billion, the management and conservation value was KRW 6.55 in billion, and the heritage value was KRW 6.73 in billion. When converted to the number of paying visitors per year, the conservation value is about KRW 177.1 billion. This study was conducted to evaluate the use and conservation aspects of the economic value of Suncheon Bay wetland. Based on the latent value of the Suncheon Bay wetland, it provides basic data about the efficient management and policy establishment of Suncheon Bay wetland. The study is significant in that the ecological sustainability of the Suncheon bay wetland and the value of non-marketable were evaluated based on the recognition of 'benefit through exploration', 'management and conservation value' and 'value of heritage'. It can be used as policy decision data on the integrated collection of the admission fee of the Suncheon Bay wetland and Suncheon Bay National Garden.

A comparative study between Korea and the USA on the development process in retail trade & its changing locations (소매업의 발달과정과 입지 변화에 관한 한.미 비교 연구)

  • Jeon, Kyung-Sook
    • Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.21-40
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    • 2000
  • The retail trades in many countries have changed recently according to the high quality, diversification, and marked individuality of consumer needs. Under the continually competing system of the WTO agreement, corporations based in the USA and the EU try to raise their market share in other countries so it is inevitable for Korean retail enterprises to compete with them. This paper is aimed at contributing to the efficient growth for Korean retail trade from the analysis of the development process in retail trade and its changing locations comparing Korea and the USA. Retailers in the USA have practiced diversified marketing strategies considerably in order to survive in a rapidly changing retailing environment. American retailing, which has the most advanced marketing system in the world, has been of growing concern to marketing strategies in Korea. The following is a brief summary of this study. 1. Speedy and higher quality consumption is needed in accordance with the great increase in the single-family household and the female labor force participation both in Korea and in the USA. Senior citizens have become a new consumer group due to the aging population. In the future the retail trade will switch over to diversified retail formats and internet shopping as countries are transformed into information and communication societies. 2. In Korea, the former retail system characterized by markets and department stores has been greatly changed since the late 1980s with emphasis on high quality and convenience in consumption behaviors, with large domestic enterprises and foreign distribution corporations participating in Korean retailing. In the USA, retailing mergers and takeovers by major retails, bankruptcies, and extra-large shopping centers have emerged since the late 1980s. Recently, the USA retailing formats have been changed from the lower price-oriented discount types to the large scale theme parks. Much emphasis was put on entertainment, resorts, and convention centers. On the other hand, non-store types, such as the internet shopping, the CATV shopping, as well as catalog and mail-order sales are drastically increasing, although the proportion of their sales is low up to now. 3. In Korea, most of the retail facilities are concentrated in Seoul and the Metropolitan Region, and the distribution ratio of facilities came to 52% in 1997. The periodic markets, traditional markets which open on a periodic basis, are located mainly in Chollanam-do and Kyungsangbuk-do. The large-sized discount stores have expanded their locations to the over-crowded apartment complexes in new towns, located in the Metropolitan Region, and the large provincial cities, unlike the suburban locations in the USA. Therefore we needed to give attention to the locational relations in retail facilities between Seoul & the Metropolitan Region and rural settlement areas. In the USA, urban areas grew quickly with the development of the automobile in the 1920s, and the location of stores changed from a dispersed style centering around rural areas to a centralized one in urban areas. There is an accelerated growth for suburban areas, which have grown rapidly since 1950. As the membership warehouse clubs were introduced in the 1970s, the decentralization of location was more intensified. On the other hand, inner cities were revitalized by rearranging existing facilities to cope with suburban areas. And the location-free virtual retailing & TV shopping are also growing every year. 4. In view of the above, the continuous and desirable development devices in Korean retail trade are summarized as follows: First, the countermeasures against economies of scale, increase in retailing sales, and rise of a employment percentage in retailing are in need. Second, a scheme of lowering the proportion of food retail sales, and increasing a ratio of durable goods sales need to be worked out. Third, the original ideas are needed to apply positively information, communication and technology to retailing, to graft the traditional types on modem ones based on the social culture. Fourth, strategies are needed to strengthen the competitiveness of our retail trade through cooperation and chains of smaller retailers, the large enterprises participating in the distribution industry. Fifth, in order to realize the above, the retail industry, the administration, and the academic world should support the retail segment with concern and a practical strategy plan.

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Effects of Pseudomonas fluorescens on Production of Several Inflammatory Mediators in the Human Alveolar Epithelial Cells. (재조합 단백질 생산에 이용되는 Pseudomonas fluorescens의 인체 폐포 상피세포의 염증성 인자들의 발현에 미치는 영향)

  • Yang, Hyun;Ryoo, Jung-Min;Park, Seung-Hwan;Choi, Hye-Jin;Kim, Na-Yeon;Cho, Hyung-Hoon;Ahn, Jung-Hoon;Moon, Yu-Seok
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.530-536
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    • 2008
  • To investigate the molecular mechanism of the airway inflammation by Pseudomonas fluorescens, effects on the inflammatory mediators such as interleukin-8 (IL-8), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), macophage inhibitory cytokine 1 (MIC-1) were assessed in the human alveolar epithelial cells. Exposure to P. fluorescens and its recombinant bacteria suppressed cellular viability in the A549 epithelial cells and pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-8 production. However, pro-inflammatory prostaglandin-producing COX-2 protein was not altered by P. fluorescens though its mRNA was slightly elevated. As the inhibitory cytokine for the pro-inflammatory mediators, MIC-1 expression was monitored in A549 cells. MIC-1 gene induction was not significantly enhanced but the protein processing was changed by exposure to P. fluorescens. Pro-protein form of MIC-1 (${\sim}40\;kD$) was cleaved into active form mature MIC-1 (${\sim}15\;kD$) and propeptide (${\sim}28\;kD$) by the bacteria exposure. MIC-1 activation can contribute to the suppression of cellular viability by P. fluorescens and can retard IL-8-induced monocyte recruitment. However, sustained activation of MIC-1 can mediate the tissue injury by P. fluorescens exposure.