• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.36-38
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• 2013

Eight sample panels using an indium tin oxide(ITO)-coated glass substrate were fabricated, with barrier ribs formed of 55 ${\mu}m$ height and 10 ${\mu}m$ width. The upper and lower substrates were designed with the same panel condition, so a cell gap of 110 ${\mu}m$ was obtained. The charged particles in a cell consisted of $TiO_2$ (for white color) or carbon black (black color), negative or positive charge control agents, and a polymer. The average diameter of the two types of particles was commonly 10 ${\mu}m$, and their q/m value was -4.5 ${\mu}C/g$ and +4.5 ${\mu}C/g$, respectively. The electrically opposite particles mixed by an agitator were loaded into their cells by a simple particle-loading method. The discharging process proceeded at a humidity of 80% and a temperature of $30^{\circ}C$. Reflectivity was measured depending on discharging time, and a hysteresis curve by bias voltage obtained for comparison between the neutralized and non-neutralized panel, in which the superior optical property of the neutralized panel was ascertained.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.309-312
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• 2007

Sputter deposition followed by surface treatment was studied using reactive RF plasma as a method for preparing titanium oxide($TiO_{2}$) films on indium tin oxide(ITO) coated glass substrate for dye-sensitized solar cells(DSSCs). Anatase structure $TiO_{2}$ films deposited by reactive RF magnetron sputtering under the conditions of $Ar/O_{2}$(5%) mixtures, RF power of 600W and substrate temperature of $400^{\circ}C$ were surface-treated by inductive coupled plasma(ICP) with $Ar/O_{2}$ mixtures at substrate temperature of $400^{\circ}C$, and thus the films were applied to the DSSCs, The $TiO_{2}$ Films made on these exhibited the BET specific surface area of 95, the pore volume of $0.3cm^{2}$ and the TEM particle size of ${\sim}25$ nm. The DSSCs made of this $TiO_{2}$ material exhibited an energy conversion efficiency of about 2.25% at $100mW/cm^{2}$ light intensity.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.412-415
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• 2016

In this study, we fabricated the wearable film-heaters used in thermotherapy for senior citizens and investigated the heat generation characteristics. The wearable film-heaters embedded into eco-flex were constructed with indium tin oxide (ITO) nanoparticles coated on glass fibers. Under a stretching strain of 30%, the wearable film-heaters stably operated with temperature variation of 10%. In addition, the wearable film-heater worn on the wrist increased the temperature of the wrist from $35^{\circ}C$ to $43^{\circ}C$ within 2 min.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.79-83
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• 2011

White phosphorescence polymer light emitting diodes (WPhPLEDs) with a glass/ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PFO:$Ir(ppy)_3$:MDMO-PPV/TPBI/LiF/Al structure were fabricated to investigate the effects of $Ir(ppy)_3$ doping concentrations on the optical and electrical properties of the devices. PFO, $Ir(ppy)_3$ and MDMO-PPV conjugated polymers as host and guest materials in the emission layer were spin coated at various concentrations of $Ir(ppy)_3$ ranging from 0.0 to 20.0 vol.%. As the concentration of $Ir(ppy)_3$ increased from 5.0 to 20.0 vol.%, the luminance and current efficiency values of the devices decreased clearly, which are attributable to the quenching effect at a high doping concentration. The maximum luminance and current density were 2850 $cd/m^2$ and 741 $mA/cm^2$, respectively for a WPhPLED with an $Ir(ppy)_3$ concentration of 5.0 vol.%. The CIE color coordinates were about x=0.33 and y=0.34 at 11V, showing a good white color.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.881-892
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• 1995

Sol-Gel derived ferroelectric PZT thin films were fabricated on ITO/Glass substrate. Two kinds of rapid thermal annealing methods, R-I (six times of intermediate and final annealing) and R-II (one final annealing after six times of intermediate annealing) were used for preparation of multi-coated PZT thin films. 2500$\AA$-thick PZT thin films were obtained by the R-I and R-II methods and characterized by microstructure and dielectric properties. In case of using R-II, the microstructure was finer than that of R-I and there was no distinguishable difference in dielectric properties of PZT thin films between the R-I and R-II methods. But dielectric properties were enhanced by increasing perovskite phase fraction with increasing annealing temperature. Measured dielectric constant of PZT thin film annealed at 62$0^{\circ}C$ using the R-I method was 256 at 1kHz. Its remanant polarization (Pr) and coercive field (Ec) were 14.4$\mu$C/$\textrm{cm}^2$ and 64kV/cm, respectively.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1996.07c
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• pp.1526-1528
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• 1996

The dielectric reliability of a polycrystalline and a multilayered $BaTiO_3$ thin films was evaluated using a time-zero dielectric breakdown (TZDB) and a time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) techniques. The $BaTiO_3$ thin films were prepared by rf-magnetron sputtering technique on ITO-coated glass substrates. In case of the multilayered $BaTiO_3$ thin film, the dielectric breakdown histogram, which was obtained from the TZDB measurements, showed a typical Weibull distribution. While in case of polycrystalIine $BaTiO_3$ thin film, a randomly distributed dielectric breakdown histogram was observed. The TDDB results of the multilayered $BaTiO_3$ thin film guaranteed about $10^5$ hours-operation under the stress field of 1 MV/cm.

• Journal of Information Display
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 2003

A thermoset type anisotropic conductive adhesive film (ACAF) comprising epoxy resin and natural butyl rubber (NBR) as the binder, micro-encapsulated imidazole as the curing agent, and Ni/Au coated polymer bead as a conductive particle has been studied. These films have been prepared to respond to requirements such as improved contact resistance, current status less of than 60 ${\mu}m$ and reliability. These films can also be used for connection between the ITO glass for LCD panel and the flexible circuit board. The curing conditions for the connection were 40, 20 and 15 seconds at 150, 170 and 190 $^{\circ}C$, respectively. The initial contact resistance and adhesion strength were 0.5 ${\Omega}/square$ and 0.4 kg/cm under the condition of 30 kgf/$^{cm}^2}$, respectively. After completing one thousand thermal shock cycling tests between -15 $^{\circ}C$ and 100 $^{\circ}C$, the contact resistance was maintained below 0.7 ${\Omega}/square$. Durability against high temperature (80$^{\circ}C$) and high humidity (85 % RH) was also tested to confirm long-term stability (1000 hrs) of the conduction.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.51-55
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• 2021

We demonstrated a polymer dielectric with low leakage characteristics through an optimal blade coating method for low-cost and large-scale fabrication of metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitors. Cross-linked poly(4-vinylphenol) (C-PVP), which is a typically used polymer dielectric, was coated on a 10 × 10 cm indium-tin-oxide (ITO) deposited glass substrate by changing the deposition temperature (TD) and coating velocity (VC) in the blade coating. During the blade coating, the thickness of the thin c-PVP varied depending on TD and VC owing to the 'Landau-Levich (LL) regime'. The c-PVP-dielectric-based MIM capacitor fabricated in this study showed the lowest leakage current characteristics (10-6 A/㎠ at 1.2 MV/㎠, annealing at 200 ℃) and uniform electrical characteristics when TD was 30 ℃ and VC was 5 mm/s. In addition, at TD = 30 ℃, stable leakage characteristics were confirmed when a different electric field was applied. These results are expected to positively contribute to applications with next-generation electronic devices.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.407-412
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• 2009

Vacuum deposited N,N-di-1-naphthyl-N,N-diphenyl-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (NPD) as a hole transporting (HTL) materials in OLEDs was placed on PEDOT-PSS, a hole injection layer (HIL). PEDOT-PSS was spin-coated on to the ITO glass. $C_{60}$-doped NPD-$C_{60}$(10 wt%) film was formed via co-evaporation process and the morphology of NPD-$C_{60}$ films was investigated using XRD and AFM. The J - V, L - V and current efficiency of multi -layered devices were characterized. According to XRD results, the deposited $C_{60}$ thin film was partially crystalline, but NPD-$C_{60}$ film was observed not to be crystalline, which indicates that $C_{60}$ molecules are uniformly dispersed in the NPD film. By using $C_{60}$-doped NPD-$C_{60}$ film as a HTL, the current density and luminance of multi-layered ITO/PEDOT-PSS/NPD-$C_{60}/Alq_3$/LiF/Al device were significantly increased by about 80% and its efficiency was improved by about 25% in this study.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.418-423
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• 2009

MWCNT(multi-wall carbon nanotube)-doped PEDOT:PSS(poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate)), used as a HIL(hole injection layer) material in OLEDs(organic light emitting diodes), was spin-coated on to the ITO glass to form PEDOT:PSS-MWCNT nano composite thin film. Morphology and transparency characteristics of nano composite thin films with respect to the loading percent of MWCNT have been investigated using FT-IR, UV-Vis and SEM. Furthermore, ITO/PEDOT:PSS-MWCNT/NPD/$Alq_3$/Al devices were fabricated, and then J-V and L-V characteristics were investigated. Functional group-incorporated MWCNT was prepared by acid treatment and showed good dispersion property in PEDOT:PSS solution. PEDOT:PSS-MWCNT thin films possessed good transparency property. For multi-layered devices, it was shown that as the loading percent of MWCNT increased, the current density increased but the luminance dramatically decreased. It might be conclusively suggested that the enhanced charge mobility by MWCNT could increase the current density but the hole trapping property of MWCNT could dramatically decrease the hole mobility in the current devices.