• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.269-275
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• 2020

RAM of elements to support weapon systems is conducted at the initial development phase and standard is suggested to accomplish strategy requirement performance from a design spec. Operational availability is a key point of the military's ability to ensure combat readiness and to win the battle. In the weapon system development phase, operational availability is used as a development standard. The military provides ALDT, operation and standby time, which are elements of operational availability. ALDT is a key element of operational availability that must be maintained for combat readiness, as it depends on the aging of a weapon system, maintenance policies and geographical conditions. Operational Availability to be set at the development phase has many differences from the operational availability that is analyzed in the actual operational phase because ALDT is applied as a simple assumption. In the paper, we analyzed ALDT applying the decision tree method through failure data acquired from initial operation. Through this study, we have devised the optimal ALDT setting method to achieve operational availability about operation when the weapons system is unstable.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.399-406
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• 2020

The R.O.K Army has developed and operated TM to maintain the operation of weapons systems since its establishment. As more modern weapons systems were developed, the more efficient operation was limited by a large quantity. As a countermeasure, the DAPA has operated the IETM using the KAIS TOOL since 2003. However, 16 years later, they were shunned by operators for software instability and other reasons. Based on the results of an operational test and evaluation team of the Army headquarters, the analysis results of software instability, limited compatibility and integration, limited real-time updates, etc. were analyzed. It was confirmed that KAIS development tools were urgently needed. Therefore, in order to solve this current problem for the Army IETM, the first phase of this paper focused on improving the IETM by maintaining the application present, the second of the Army Electronic Technology manual, phase going to propose improvement plans for operational test and evaluation by lining 11 elements of comprehensive logistics support with an electronic technology code.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.79-86
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• 2015

Purpose - The cosmetics industry is a traditional high value-added industry in terms of the domestic demand, small batch production systems, exclusive competition, and raw materials highly dependent on overseas countries as well as an oligopolistic market structure. However, new foreign brands and growing consumer awareness of inexpensive products, has triggered a shift. In line with changing lifestyles and the polarization of consumption, the industry faces a new market structure. Among its key characteristics is the cosmetics industry's numerous distribution channels (i.e., department stores, door-to-door sales, online shopping malls, brand shops, and discount stores). Therefore, the study of its distribution channels is essential. Research design, data, and methodology - The study analyzed channel distribution power divided into coercive and non-coercive power. The factors of coercive power included: unilateral request of an increase in commissions, interference in sales by taking advantage of a superior status, unilateral buck-passing at the time of a problem, unilateral request to stop sales activities, and a unilateral business contract; the factors of non-coercive power included favorable payment conditions, offers of various kinds of information, policy on commission reduction, pride in market entrance, and promotion support. In addition, the mediating variable "interdependence" was applied to the execution of department store (or mart) power and their shop conflicts and satisfaction to examine direct and indirect influential power. The methodology was a survey of managers of cosmetics shops in department stores (or marts). The questionnaire, based on a five-point Likert scale, included questions about basic personal information, execution of power, interdependence, conflict, and satisfaction. The study distributed 198 questionnaires and collected 131. Ten questionnaires with missing or hard to analyze data were excluded. Thus, 121 copies were analyzed. Results - According to the analysis, the execution of coercive power by department stores (or marts) did not affect interdependence, but the execution of non-coercive power did. Interdependence did not influence conflict, but did affect satisfaction. Additionally, the analysis revealed direct influential power: the execution of coercive power positively affected conflict and negatively influenced satisfaction; the execution of non-coercive power positively affected satisfaction. Conclusions - To offer suggestions for distribution business relations in the cosmetics industry, this study investigated how the execution of power by department stores (or marts) affected their shops. More specifically, it examined how much the execution of both coercive power and non-coercive power influenced conflict and satisfaction, and analyzed the mediating role of interdependence. In line with previous study results in various areas, coercive power was shown to be the source of conflict, leading to a decrease in satisfaction, whereas non-coercive power significantly positively influenced satisfaction. Moreover, non-coercive power increased interdependence, which led to greater satisfaction. As a result, interdependence had a mediating effect on non-coercive power and satisfaction. Based on the results, department stores (or marts) should look for improvements plans that increase interdependence. Such plans could alleviate conflict with the shops, increasing their satisfaction.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.567-578
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• 2014

The study suggested a method to improve analysis accuracy such that the interactive effects of transportation changes between outside and inside of sub-areas were sequentially considered in the analysis by linking a macroscopic network analysis and a microscopic traffic simulation. A dynamic O/D estimation method was developed for practical implement of sub-area microscopic simulation analysis by using the results of macroscopic network analysis, the results of selected link analysis at the cordon line of the sub-area, departure time data of household travel survey, timely observed traffic volume data at the cordon. This estimated dynamic O/D for the sub-area made it possible to analyze traffic phenomena in details. Various detailed phenomena such as traffic queues, delay at intersection, and conflicts between vehicles, which is impossible to be grasped through a macroscopic analysis, can be analyzed with the dynamic microscopic traffic analysis. Through implementing an empirical study and validation, the study provided a reference result about accuracy of a microscopic traffic simulation of a sub-area to help its application for real transportation policy analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.387-397
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• 2015

In this paper, the determinants of the number of job changes in the SMEs (small and medium enterprises) youth-intern project is analysed, utilizing SMEs youth-intern DB and employment insurance DB. Since the number of job changes are count data which take integer values other than negative values, general linear regression analysis becomes inappropriate. Therefore, four models such as Poisson regression model, zero inflated Poisson regression model, negative binomial regression model and zero inflated negative binomial regression model are tried to fit count data. A zero inflated negative binomial regression model is selected to be the best model. Major results are the followings. First, the number of job changes is shown to be significantly smaller in the treatment group than in the control group. Second, the number of job changes turns out to be significantly smaller in the young-age group than in the old-age group. Third, it is also shown that the number of job changes of man is significantly greater than that of woman. Lastly, the number of job changes in the bigger firm is shown to be significantly less than that of the smaller firm.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.165-172
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• 2017

High frequency squeal noise can be generated when a railroad vehicle runs a sharp curved section; this noise causes environmental complaints and excessive wear on the wheel and the railroad track. In this paper, curved squeal noise experiments on a commercial railway were carried out to investigate this phenomenon. The relationship of the squeal noise pressure level, the frequency characteristics, the railway running speed, and the modal behavior of the wheel were investigated. At the same time, the lateral motion of the wheel relative to the rail was captured using a video camera; wheel movement was calculated when the noise was generated. queal noise occurred at the highest level at the inner front wheel; this phenomena is considered to be related to the lateral vibration response characteristics of the wheel. It can be seen that the magnitude of this squeal noise is not directly related to the increase in vehicle speed.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.517-523
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• 2012

Double Stack Train(DST) is being used variously around USA and Canada. The greatest advantage of the DST is mass transportation without extending the length of freight train and number of cars. So the DST system can be a kind of innovative train to increase the competitiveness of rail logistic business. As the domestic rail logistic increase, for enhancement of environment friendly green transportation amount, the DST needs more for efficiency. In this study, as the alternative way to introduce the DST to the Kyungbu Line, it's investigated the extensibility of rail freight with the relation of rail fare discount and examined the necessity of pilot business to the Kyungjeon Line which was expected comparatively lower cost. If the DST system is introduced to the Kyungjeon Line, the cost of mass transportation can be much lower and then the comparativeness of rail transportation will be increased, therefore logistic companies can have some margin additionally. In the result of survey to the related companies, if rail transportation fare is 37.7 % cheaper than current road transportation fare, the modal shift can be transferred by maximum 100%.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.439-448
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• 2016

The population over 65 years old is 12.7% of total population in 2014 and Korea is going to be an aged society in the near future. The transportation vulnerable including the aged should be guaranteed in walking mobility under safe and comfortable environment for their socio-economic activities. For the era of fusion and convergence this paper investigated the characteristics of walking accidents related to the aged pedestrians and analyzed the aged-oriented walking factors with a reaction time and a walking speed at crosswalks in Yeosu. In the results, the crashes for the aged occur at 9.9% of total crashes and the fatalities of the aged are 40.3% of total fatalities in 2014. The 47.4% of the aged fatalities is also attributed to vehicle-to-pedestrian accidents. The 49.3% of all pedestrian fatalities occurs at the aged pedestrians with a very high proportion. The reaction time and walking speed for the aged were determined as the values located at the lower 15%-tile of the elderly physical ability. It is shown that the reaction time is 4.56 seconds and the walking speed is 0.76 m/s in the case of Yeosu. From two factors' standpoint, the walking environment at crosswalks in Yeosu is inappropriate for the aged.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.135-142
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• 2016

Although growth potential of trade between Korea and the GCC region has existed in various fields through economic and business cooperation, few data and practical study related with trade structure and cooperation between Korea and GCC region have been found and the potential for further economic expansion has not been extensively explored. In this sense, this study is to analyze trade flows between Korea and GCC region countries(Saudi Arabia, Unites Arab Emirates, Qatar) using trade intensity index, trade complementarity index and special country bias index, identify potential for further expansion of Korea's trade into the GCC region and further propose the implication of FTA between mutual countries. Our analysis of trade flows also demonstrates that there is a high level of trade complementarity between Korea and GCC region. It means that increase of trade complementarity and special country bias come from removing not only trade barrier and increasing but also capital movement. Especially, the study reveals that there is an untapped potential for Korea to increase its exports to Saudi, based on the highest complementarities. Export expansion between Korea and Saudi through FTA will create new opportunity in near future.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.47-54
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• 2020

This study proposes an NFC-based payment system that considers user convenience while expanding the existing payment method for RFID-based individual food and logistics waste equipment. In line with this trend, I proposed to apply NFC to the existing RFID-based food meter to release the food in the meantime and to address the problem of re-carrying due to card loss, card not possessed, and non-filling, and the question that could not be identified by various cumbersome procedures. NFC's function alone has been certified for its convenience, which led to its introduction and research in the period of time. Of course, we need to negotiate fees with the transportation card company, but if we see a market share related to transportation card soon, we think smooth negotiations will take place. NFC method will be expanded to all phones with iPhone NFC opening. Therefore, in the next study, we intend to apply the payment system in NFC by linking with local currency, mobile vouchers, and card companies, which are being paid as respective payment means according to the recent emergency support system for COVID-19.