• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.437-441
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• 1985

In order to elucidate the flavor compounds of fermented big eyed herring, Harengula zunasi (BLEEKER), and slimy, Leiognathus nuchalis (TEMMINCK et SCHEGEL), the volatile constituents of products were analysed by GLC. In the volatile compounds of fermented big eyed herring, eight kinds of volatile fatty acids, nine kinds of volatile carbonyls, and five kinds of volatile amines were identified. While in the fermented slimy, seven kinds of volatile fatty acids, six kinds volatile carbonyls, and five kinds of volatile amines were also identified. In the volatile fatty acids and volatile amines, n-butyric acid and trimethylamine were the most dominant component in both fermented products. In the fermented big eyed herring 2-methylpropanal, ethanal, and propanal were abundant holding 36.2%, 28.5%, and 16.2%, while in the fermented slimy ethanal, 2-methylpropanal, and propanal were abundant holding 44.7%, 24.1%, and 14.4% of total volatile carbonyls, respectively. From the experimental results, it was concluded that n-butyric acid, trimethylamine and volatile carbonyls such as 2-methylpropanal, ethanal and propanal played an important role in the flavor of the fermented big eyed herring and slimy.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.650-656
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• 2012

The aims of the experiment, conducted over three years in the Central Europe field conditions, were (1) to investigate the effect of growing period (plantings in the middle and at the end of August: $1^{st}$ and $2^{nd}$ term, respectively) on yield and chemical composition of the non-heading Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa var. chinensis) cultivars 'Taisai', 'Pak Choy White', and 'Green Fortune', and (2) to develop regression models to evaluate the changes in crop yields as a function of weather conditions. A highest marketable yield was obtained from 'Taisai' (65.71 and 77.20 $t{\cdot}ha^{-1}$), especially in the $2^{nd}$ term of production. Low yield, observed for 'Pak Choy White' was due to its premature bolting. Almost 39% ($1^{st}$ term) and 70% ($2^{nd}$ term) of plants of this cultivar formed inflorescence shoots before harvest. The highest dry matter level was observed in the leaf petioles of 'Taisai', while 'Green Fortune' was the most abundant of carotenoids and L-ascorbic acid. The content of soluble sugars was the lowest for 'Pak Choy White'. In a phase of harvest maturity, more of the analyzed constituents were gathered by plants from earlier plantings, and differences were as follows: 4.7% (dry matter), 26.3% (carotenoids) and 22.1% (L-ascorbic acid), in comparison to $2^{nd}$ term of production. Significant increase of soluble sugars level was observed for plants from later harvest. The regression model for marketable yield of Chinese cabbage cultivar 'Taisai' as a function of maximum air temperature can predict the yield with accuracy 68%. The models for yield or bolting of 'Pak Choy White', based on extreme air temperatures and sunshine duration, were more precise (98%). It should be pointed out that Taisai could be recommended for later growing period in Central Europe conditions with regard to maximum yield potential. 'Green Fortune' was notable for its uniform yielding. To obtained plants of higher nutritional value, earlier time of cultivation should be suggested. Described models can be successfully applied for an approximate simulation of Chinese cabbage yielding.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.743-750
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• 2012

A total of 95 broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) accessions were evaluated for the identification of desulfo-glucosinolates and their content variation in the flower head using ultra performance liquid chromatography, to select the potentially functional broccoli breeding lines. The six individual desulfo-glucosinolates, including progoitrin, glucoraphanin, sinigrin, gluconapin, glucobrassicanapin, and glucobrassicin, were commonly identified, based on the chromatogram peak comparison with those of the nine individual glucosinolate standards. The total glucosinolate contents varied from 4.2 to $29.0{\mu}mol{\cdot}g^{-1}$ DW and the glucoraphanin (1.6 to $13.9{\mu}mol{\cdot}g^{-1}$ DW) was confirmed as a major constituent in the total glucosinolate profile among the six identified individual glucosinolate species, whereas the progoitrin, which was only detected in 13 accessions, showed accession-specific variation and negative correlation with glucoraphanin content. It was also revealed that the four major glucosinolates, such as glucobrassicanapin, glucoraphanin, glucobrassicin, and gluconapin, affected major content variation and showed higher positive inter-correlation. These results might be used for the selection of potential breeding materials as functional broccoli germplasm through the further evaluation on the stability and reproducibility of glucosinolate profile depending on environmental factors or cultural managements using the selected accessions.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.627-637
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• 2010

The consumption of tomato has greatly increased recently in Korea, and a large number of tomato cultivars are commercially available in the market. However, identification of tomato cultivars by morphological traits is extremely difficult because of the narrow genetic diversity of breeding lines. Therefore, it is necessary to develop molecular markers for cultivar identification in tomato. In this study, we surveyed single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), and developed SNP marker sets for tomato cultivar identification. SNP markers were developed based on conserved ortholog set II (COSII) and intron-based markers derived from pepper EST sequences, and marker polymorphism was tested using high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis. A total of 628 primer sets was tested, and 417 primer sets amplifying single bands were selected. Of the 417 primer sets, 70 primer sets showing HRM polymorphism among 4 inbred lines were selected. Eleven markers were selected from the 70 primer sets and subjected to cultivar identification analysis. Thirty two commercial tomato cultivars were successfully identified using the marker set.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.552-560
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• 2010

$GA_{4+7}$+BA, a plant growth regulator for induction of feathering in young apple tree and increasing fruit size, was applied by various methods on 'Gala'/M.9 apple trees in high density orchard for 4 years to investigate its effect on fruit and shoot growth. $GA_{4+7}$+BA($80-300mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$) increased fruit length, fruit weight, and L/D ratio regardless of application methods, but it did not affect soluble solid content, acidity, leaf area, and chlorophyll. Seed number was not affected by $GA_{4+7}$+BA application, however, more immature seeds was observed in treated 'Gala' fruit. Shoot growth was increased when spraying $GA_{4+7}$+BA at tree crown but not affected when spraying at fruit directly. More significant fruit growth was observed when $GA_{4+7}$+BA was applied on the fruits between late of May and early of June when fruit cell division ended; however, high concentration of $GA_{4+7}$+BA resulted in lower fruit storability because of lower firmness. Hence, more attention should be paid when applying high concentration of $GA_{4+7}$+BA to small sized fruit cultivars like 'Gala'.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.61-79
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• 2008

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the three aspects of the construction and common use of old document DB in the foreign countries: i) the processing of old documents, ii) the problem and improvement of DB systems of old documents. and iii) the common use of old document DB. Results from this research are as follows: The National Library of Korea(NLK) copied old documents in the foreign countries from 1982 to 2006 and published the brief catalog. The Reogang Publishing company issued four volumes catalogs of old document in Japan. The National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage(NRICH) investigated old books and published some catalogs of several organizations in Japan. America. France. and all. The National Institute of Korean History(NIKH) investigated old archives and published some catalogs of several organizations in Japan. The characteristics of the Korean Old and Rare Collection Information System(KORCIS) of the NLK, the Old Books Cultural Heritage in Overseas System of the NRICH. and the Korea History DB System and MF Catalog/ Image System of NIKH were described in the DB systems of old documents, the problems of DB systems were checked over and some alternatives were suggested. In the common use of old document DB, KORMARC format and description rules(draft) for archives should be revised to adopt a new standard such as KS editions. and all the institutes involved should thoroughly follow the standards. when creating bibliographic records and digitizing texts. It is necessary to educate and train the specialists of old documents. A government organization should be established to supervise all the procedures of developing technology for sharing digitized resources. using contents. and cooperating with the related internationl organizations and institutes.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.227-250
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• 2013

Jeongsa-gongshin-nokgwon (定社功臣錄券) is a document issued during the reign of King Taejong. The king appointed the vassals of merit who suppressed the First Rebel of Prince in 1398 as Jeongsa-gongshin (定社功臣) and gave them titles and rewards as described in the Jeongsa-gongshin-nokgwon document. This study explores the reasons and process of the rewards given to the vassals by way of the existing copy of Jeongsa-gongshin-nokgwon. The form and organization of the document were analyzed in detail. The titles given to the vassals were classified into each grade and their characteristics were sought. The content of the document was also analyzed in detail. The result of the study suggested the following. Jeongsa-gongshin-nokgwon is a manuscript and it consists of 3 parts: introduction (卷首), main text (本文), and ending (卷末). Names and titles given to 29 vassals of merit are listed of which 12 vassals were first grade and 17 vassals were second grade. The ranks of first-grade vassals of merit were higher than the ranks of second-grade vassals of merit. In the first-grade vassals of merit, there were relatively more relatives of the king. The rewards and privileges given to them were different, depending on their grade. The content of regulation was also different within the same grade, depending on the person. The formation and names of government officers, who worked in the temporary office in charge of rewards to the vassals of merit (Gongshin-dogam, 功臣都監), were verified by the approval signatures and last names found in Jeongsa-gongshin-nokgwon.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.627-637
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• 1998

In order to utilize tuna pyloric caeca among fish intestines wasted when treated raw fish in fish processing manufactory, a crude enzyme with high proteolytic activity was extracted and its optimum condition were investigated. An immobilized enzymes also were prepared by adsorption method to enhance thermostability of the crude proteinase. The yield of the crude proteinase was approximately 2.7% on dry basis. The proteolytic activity for casein was 0.54 U/mg protein, for BTEE 1.10 U/mg protein, and for BAEE 2.69 U/mg protein. It was almost similar to that of the commercial trypsin purified. Optimum hydrolysis activity of the crude proteinase was about 80%, as the degree of hydrolysis for casein, at pH 10.0 and 45$^{\circ}C$ for 12 hrs. Also, when the crude proteinase was immobilized on DEAE-Cellulose and chitin, the residual activities remained after 7 days of pre-incubation time were maintained about 90% or more and their thermostabilities were enhanced by about 50%, compared with the native enzyme.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.251-274
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• 2013

This study aims to analyze data management policies offered by 15 government funding agencies in the U.S., UK, Canada, and Australia, and to make recommendations for developing data management policies in Korea. For the analysis of data management policies, five criteria were suggested based on literature review as follows: 1) the definition of research data, 2) principles of data management, 3) data management plan, 4) the implementation of data management, 5) legal and ethical issues. It was found that there was no policy that covers all the criteria for the analysis. Several funding agencies, however, commonly dealt with each criteria in their data management policies. Based on the findings from the analysis, this study made the following suggestions: First, data policies provide definitions and types of research data based on the understanding of data creation in the fields of funding interests. Second, data policies include principles of data management applicable to data practices in Korea. Third, data policies implement data management plans to promote responsibility of researchers for managing data. Fourth, data policies specify data management implementations to facilitate and support data sharing practices. Fifth, data policies should minimize legal and ethical challenges in data sharing through the review of the applicability of related laws and regulations and their improvement.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.37-48
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• 1992

Antibiotics are chemical substances produced by various species of microorganisms that suppress the growth of other microorganisms or may destroy them. Among the more than 4000 antibiotics that has been identified, about 20s are using as the therapy of infectious fish diseases. There are several methods used to classify and group antibiotics, and the most common classification has been based on chemical structure and proposed mechanism of action. The effect of antibiotics may be determined by the kind of fish pathogens and by the external environment surrounded the infected fish. It implies that the kind of antibiotics and its application method should be decided after the determination of the reasons of fish disease. The uncontrolled usages of antibiotics may induce the selection of resistant mutants appeared spontaneously and present in any group of bacteria. The epidemic spread of such antibiotic resistant strains of fish pathogenic bacteria already has been reported in various districts of japan. Importantly, transferable drug resistant(R) plasmids were detected in strains of most of fish pathogens. Based on those reports, the antimicrobial resistance appears to be a rapidly emerging problem in the fish industry on the country. The expanding literatures on the pharmacokinetics, clinical trials, withdrawal periods and efficacy of environmental effect for the commonly using antibiotics have met the needs of data for the practical application of antibiotics. However, the most important thing for the treatment of fish diseases would be the communication and exchanging of information between the site of aquaculture and the diagnostic laboratory.