• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.102 no.4
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• pp.560-565
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• 2013

Population genetic structure and diversity of Ulmus davidiana var. japonica in South Korea were studied using ISSR markers. A total of 45 polymorphic ISSR amplicons were cropped from 7 ISSR primers and 171 individuals of 7 populations. The average of effective alleles and the proportion of polymorphic loci were 1.5 and 89% respectively. The Shannon's diversity index (I) was 0.435 and the expected heterozygosity from the frequentist's method ($H_e$) and the Bayesian inference (hs) were 0.289 and 0.323 respectively. From AMOVA, 4.2% of total genetic variation in the elm populations was explained with the difference among populations (${\Phi}_{ST}=0.042$) and the other 95.8% was distributed within populations. The ${\theta}^{II}$ value by Bayesian method which was comparable to the FST was 0.043. So the level of genetic diversity in the elm populations was similar to that in Genus Ulmus and the level of genetic differentiation was lower than that of others. No population showed a significant difference in the population-specific fixation indices (average of $PS-F_{IS}=0.822$) or the population-specific genetic differentiations (average of $PS-F_{ST}=0.101$). Seven populations were allocated into 3 groups in the UPGMA and the PCA, but the grouping patterns were different. Also, we could not confirm any geographic trend from Bayesian clustering.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.103 no.2
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• pp.182-188
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• 2014

Genetic diversity and genetic differentiation in six natural populations of Abies holophylla Max were investigated using ISSR marker system. From 6 ISSR primers, the average percentage of polymorphic loci was 85.6%, and the average expected heterozygosity ($H_e$) was 0.288. From the result of AMOVA, 94.4% of total genetic variation came from the differences among individuals within populations, and 5.6% was caused by those of among-populations. On the basis of Bayesian inference, genetic differentiation (${\theta}^{II}$ and $G_{ST}$) and inbreeding coefficient for all populations were 0.045, 0.038, and 0.509, respectively. The correlation between genetic distance and geographical distance was highly significant at the Mental's test (r = 0.74, P < 0.05). Six populations divided into two groups according to the results of UPGMA and PCA. One group included Namwon, Cheongdo and Mungyeong population. The other was Inje, Hongcheon and Pyeongchang population. Also, in Bayesian clustering analysis, 6 populations were divided into two clusters. But Cheongdo population was assigned into the other cluster unlike those of UPGMA or PCA. Taking the regions based on the results of the cluster analysis into consideration of AMOVA, 3.9% of genetic variation came from the regional difference. The dendrogram from UPGMA could provide the most genetically reasonable explanation for the distribution of Abies holophylla populations in South Korea.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.236-243
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• 2013

Many plant species in subalpine regions are under threat of extinction as a result of climate change. In this study, the genetic diversity and geographic differentiation of three regions and six populations of Primula farinosa subsp. modesta (Bisset & Moore) Pax in Korea were assessed using the ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeat) marker. The average genetic diversity (P = 60.62, SI = 0.299, h = 0.190) was relatively lower than that of other long-lived perennials, even though it is a self-incompatible species. AMOVA analysis showed that 50% of the total genetic diversity was partitioned among regions and Bayesian cluster analysis showed some remarkable geographic trends that were structured into 2 or 3 regions, suggesting limited gene flow among regions. Considering the population fragmentation, low level genetic diversity, and high genetic differentiation, it is essential to establish in situ and ex situ conservation strategies for P. farinosa subsp. modesta.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.360-367
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• 2010

The genetic diversity and structure of P. tongkangensis in 5 populations from 3 regions was investigated using 56 markers derived from 6 ISSR primers. Genetic diversity at the species level (P=94.6, SI=0.377, h=0.240) was substantial considering the limited distribution and small size of populations. Genetic differentiation among regions (12%) and among populations (13%) in the region was not clearly evident, which suggested a moderate level of gene flow among adjacent populations. The Mantel test revealed a significant correlation between genetic differentiation (${\Phi}_{ST}$) and geographic distance among populations. This was supported by cluster analysis and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA). The significant difference in marker band frequency at many loci and their fixation in opposite directions in the smallest and most isolated population SC were considered due to genetic drift. Therefore, the genetic diversity of P. tongkangensis could be compromised if the distribution area or the size of the population was further reduced. In particular, small and isolated populations could be at great risk of extinction. Considering this, the unique habitats of P. tongkangensis should be protected and the reduction of population size should be closely monitored. Conservation efforts including the seeding and planting of seedlings should be done carefully based on their genetic and ecological traits. Our data support the argument that establishing an integrated management system for the efficient conservation of P. tongkangensis is critical.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.156-165
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• 2021

The in vitro regeneration was established, and the genetic stability among the mother plants (control) and the micropropagated green plants was evaluated using ISSR markers in Imperata cylindrica 'Rubra', Poaceae which containing important bioenergy plants. Green shoots were multiply induced from growing point culture via callus on MS medium supplemented with 0.01 mg/L NAA and 2 mg/L BA, and the shoots were proliferated on the MS medium with rooting. Rooted plantlets were transplanted to the pot with 100% survival rate. Using ISSR markers, somaclonal variation was analyzed in eight mother plants (control), ten green-regenerant cultivated at culture room (ReR) and ten green-regenerant cultivated at field condition (ReF). All ISSRs produced a total of 97 bands, and the scorable bands varied from one to seven with an average of 4.4 bands per primer. The polymorphism rate of ReRs and ReFs was 4.1% and 3.1% respectively, showing higher rate than that of control (0%). The genetic similarity matrix (GSM) among all accessions ranged from 0.919 to 1.0 with a mean of 0.972. According to the clustering analysis, ReFs and mother plants were divided into two independent groups. The results indicate that no clear genetic diversity was detected among regenerated plants, and ISSR markers were useful tool for identification of somaclonal variation of regenerants.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.102 no.1
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• pp.122-128
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• 2013

Genetic diversity and population genetic structure were estimated in nine natural populations of Exochorda serratifolia in South Korea using ISSR marker system. Average of polymorphic loci per primer was 5.8 (S.D.=2.32) and percentage of polymorphic loci per population was 78.7% with total 35 loci from 6 ISSR primers. In AMOVA, 27.8% of total genetic variation came from genetic difference among populations and 72.2% was resulted from difference among individual trees within populations. Genetic differentiations by Bayesian inference were 0.249 of ${\theta}^{11}$ and 0.227 of $G_{ST}$. Inbreeding coefficient for total populations was 0.412. There was significant correlation between genetic distance and geographic distance among populations. On the results of Bayesian cluster analysis, nine populations were assigned into three groups. The first group included 5 populations, and the second and the third had two populations per group, respectively. These three regions could explain 10.0% of total genetic variation from hierarchical AMOVA, and the levels of among-population and among-individual were explained 19.7% and 70.3%, respectively. The geographic distribution of populations following the three Bayesian clusters could be explained with mountain range as Baekdudaegan which is the main chain of mountains in Korea. The mountains as the physical barrier might hamper gene flow in the pearlbush. So when protected areas are designated for conservation of this species, we should consider those three regions into considerations and would better to choose at least one population per region.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.11-28
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• 2020

Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is one of the most important legume crops in Egypt. However, production of faba bean is affected by several diseases including fungal diseases. Fusarium wilt incited by Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. was shown to be the most common wilt disease of faba bean in Assiut Governorate. Evaluation of 16 faba bean genotypes for the resistance to Fusarium wilt was carried out under greenhouse conditions. Three molecular marker systems (inter-simple sequence repeat [ISSR], sequence related amplified polymorphism [SRAP], and simple sequence repeat [SSR]) and a biochemical marker (protein profiles) were used to study the genetic diversity and detect molecular and biochemical markers associated with Fusarium wilt resistance in the tested genotypes. The results showed that certain genotypes of faba bean were resistant to Fusarium wilt, while most of the genotypes were highly susceptible. The percentage of disease severity ranged from 32.83% in Assiut-215 to 64.17% in Misr-3. The genotypes Assiut-215, Roomy-3, Marut-2, and Giza2 were the most resistant, and the genotypes Misr-3, Misr-1, Assiut-143, Giza-40, and Roomy-80 performed as highly susceptible. The genotypes Assiut-215 and Roomy-3 were considered as promising sources of the resistance to Fusarium wilt. SRAP markers showed higher polymorphism (82.53%) compared with SSR (76.85%), ISSR markers (62.24%), and protein profile (31.82%). Specific molecular and biochemical markers associated with Fusarium wilt resistance were identified. The dendrogram based on combined data of molecular and biochemical markers grouped the 16 faba bean genotypes into three clusters. Cluster I included resistant genotypes, cluster II comprised all moderate genotypes and cluster III contained highly susceptible genotypes.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.298-308
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• 2020

Genetic diversity among Thaumatococcus daniellii populations in the southwestern region of Nigeria were assessed using morphometric and molecular markers to determine the population structure and existing genetic relationship for its improvement, conservation and sustainable utilisation. Populations from five locations in each of the six states were used for the study. Morphometric data were collected on folia characters and analysed for variability. Genome DNA was isolated from the plant leaf and amplified by polymerase chain reaction with inter-simple sequence repeat markers (ISSR) to determine the allelic polymorphism, marker effectiveness and genetic relationship of the population. The results showed significant variations in petiole length and leaf dimensions of the populations within and across the states. These morphometric traits are the major parameters that delimit the populations and they correlated significantly at P≤0.05. Analysis of the electrophoregram showed that the ISSR markers are effective for the diversity study. A total of 136 loci were amplified with an average of 7.16 loci per marker, 63.2% of the loci were polymorphic. The Principal Coordinate Analysis revealed that seven factors accounted for 81.6% of the variation and the dendrogram separated the populations into two major groups at a genetic distance of 10 (about 90% similarity) with sub-groups and clusters. Most populations within the state had a high degree of similarity, nonetheless, strong genetic relationship exists among populations from different states. The close relationship between populations across the states suggests a common progenitor, which are likely separated by ecological or geographical isolation mechanisms.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.14-16
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• 2009

Poria cocos is an importantant medical macrofungus,the sclerotium of Poria cocos has specific value as the drug material. There are few papers about its breeding and spawn rejuvenation. In this project, the protoplasts of cultivated strain T and wild strain L were prepared and treated separately by ultraviolet and heating, then fused with the PEG6000. The tural fusants were selected and identified by the affinity and ISSR analysis. 71 incompatibility strains between parents and reg regenerations were obtained from 118 regenerations by the affinity analysis. Five incompatibility strains were amplified with different primers, the results were showed that they had specific bands of both parents in the profile amplified with 3 primers, which proved these 5 strains were fusants by means of molecular biology marker. On the other hand, 25 strain were selected from 168 protoplast regenerations of cultivated strain T for cultivation experiment. The fresh sclerotium weight of these protoplast regenerations were better than the original strain.significantil 3 strains (T-1, T-4, T-7) increased respectively 118%, 73% and 73% than original strain. This method could be the effective in the rejuvenation Poria cocos.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.257-261
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• 2004

Juniperus chinensis var. sargentii Henry is a short and creeping evergreen shrub which reaches about 50㎝ in height and occurs in the northeast Asia and in high mountains over the South Korea. Its distribution is restricted, and the number of individuals are gradually decreasing. This study was conducted to estimate spatial pattern, genetic diversity and spatial genetic structure of J. chinensis var. sargentii. A total of 131 clumps were studied in the study area (40m × 60m). The spatial pattern of this population was random (Aggregation index R=1.031). In spite of the small number and the limited distribution, the level of genetic diversity (Shannon's index 1=0.463) was relatively high as compared with those of other plant species with similar ecological characteristics. ISSR genotypes of all individuals were investigated to find the genetic relationship of clumps and genets. Fifteen clumps were composed to be clones, and a total of 116 unique genotypes were composed by separate genets. Spatial autocorrelation analysis using Tanimoto distance showed that the genetic patch was established within 8m. The effect of clonal reproduction on genetic structure was almost nothing.