• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1987.11a
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• pp.66-69
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• 1987

본 논문은 불특정화자의 한국어 단독음인식에 관한 연구로써 새로운 집단화 방법인 Modified-ISODATA 집단화방법을 제안한다.본 알고리즘의 목적은 종래의 ISODATA 알고리즘에서 외부 고립점 처리 및 분리과정을 단순화 하고, Lumping 과정을 제거하여 정확하고도 자동화된 집단의 중심점을 찾는 것이다. 본 알고리즘을 적용한 결과, 10명의 남성 화자와 4명의 여성 화자가 발음한 11개의 ltnt자음에 대하여, 최근에 발표된 Modified K-means 방법보다 좋은 인식율을 나타내어, 보다 정확한 집단의 중심점을 찾아 내었음을 입증해보였다.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.31-43
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• 1987

As a study on Speaker-Independent Isolated Word Recognition, a Modified ISODATA clustering method is proposed. This method simplifies the outlier processing and the splitting procedure in conventional ISODATA algorithm, and eliminates the lumping procedure. Through this method, we could find cluster centers precisely and automatically. When this method applied to 11 digits by 10 males and 4 females, its recognition rates of $84.42\%$ for K=4 were better than those of the latest Modified K-means, $82.5\%$. Judging from these results, we proved this method the best method in finding cluster centers precisely.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.181-188
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• 2007

The objective of this research was to investigate the optimal land cover classification algorithm for the monitoring of North Korea with MODIS multi-temporal data based on monthly phenological characteristics. Three frequently used land cover classification algorithms, ISODATA1), SMA2), and SOM3) were employed for this study; the land cover categories were forest, grass, agricultural, wetland, barren, built-up, and water body. The outcomes of the study can be summarized as follows. First, the overall classification accuracy of ISODATA, SMA, and SOM was 69.03%, 64.28%, and 73.57%, respectively. Second, ISODATA and SMA resulted in a higher classification accuracy of forest and agricultural categories, but SOM performed better for the built-up area, bare soil, grassland, and water. A possible explanation for this difference would be related to the difference of sensitivity against the vegetation activity. This would be related to the capability of SOM to express all of their values without any loss of data by maintaining the topology between pixels of primitive data after classification, while ISODATA and SMA retain limited amount of data after normalization process. Third, we can conclude that SOM is the best algorithm for monitoring the land cover change of North Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.159-164
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• 2004

SAM(Spectral Angle Mapper) is the method using the similarly of the angle between pairs of signatures instead of the spectral distance(MDC, MLC etc.) for classification or clustering. In this paper, we applied unsupervised techniques(Unsupervised SAM and ISODATA) to the Hyperspectral Image(Hyperion) which has innumerable, narrow and contiguous spectral bands and Multispectral Image(ETM$\^$+/) for the clustering of signatures. The overall measured accuracies of the USAM and ISODATA of multispectral image were 76.52%, 53.91% and the USAM and ISODATA of hyperspectral image were 63.04%, 53.91%. From the results of our test, we report that the Unsupervised SAM is better classfication technique than ISODATA. Also we believe that the "Spectral Angle" can potentially be one of the most accurate classifier not only multispectral images but hyperspectral images.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.215-218
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• 2007

이 논문은 고해상도 Quickbird 영상을 이용하여 세부레벨계획을 위한 토지피복분류를 수행하였으며 고해상도 영상을 이용한 토지피복분류를 위하여 객체기반분류와 ISODATA 기법을 적용하였다. 객체기반분류는 eCognition 소프트웨어를 사용하였으며 ISODATA 기법의 토지피복분류 결과와 비교분석을 수행하였다. 연구 대상지역은 인도의 Sukkalampatti이라 하는 작은 유역을 대상으로 연구를 진행하였다. 고해상도 영상의 사용으로 토지피복분류에 있어서 공간 해상도에 따른 토지피복의 세부레벨분류 정확도를 향상 시킬 수 있는 이점을 확인 할 수 있으며 또한, 객체기반분류와 ISODATA 기법의 분류 결과는 eCognition을 사용한 객체기반 토지피복분류결과가 ISODATA의 픽셀기반의 분류방법보다 높은 정확도를 보였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.79-81
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 위성영상의 강독 분류에 대한 성능 개선을 위하여 ISODATA와 퍼지 C-Means 클러스터링 기법을 이용한 베이시안 최대우도 분류방법을 제안하였다. 본 연구에서는 ISODATA 클러스터링 기법을 이용하여 각각의 분류항목별로 분광특징에 따라 분석가가 선정한 훈련 데이터를 분할하여 새로운 훈련 데이터를 선정함으로써 분류항목별 훈련데이터의 분광적인 특징에 관계없이 분류를 수행할 수 있도록 하였다. 그리고 새롭게 선정된 훈련 데이터를 이용하여 퍼지 C-Means 클러스터링을 수행하고 그 결과를 베이시안 최대우도 분류기법의 사전확률로 이용함으로써 위성영상의 감독 분류에 대한 성능을 개선할 수 있는 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 기법은 Landset TM 위성영상을 이용하여 그 적용성을 시험하였다.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.11B no.2
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• pp.159-168
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• 2004

This paper presents hybrid classification method to improve the performance of satellite images classification by combining Bayesian maximum likelihood classifier, ISODATA clustering and fuzzy C-Means algorithm. In this paper, the training data of each class were generated by separating the spectral signature using ISODATA clustering. We can classify according to pixel's membership grade followed by cluster center of fuzzy C-Means algorithm as the mean value of training data for each class. Bayesian maximum likelihood classifier is performed with prior probability by result of fuzzy C-Means classification. The results shows that proposed method could improve performance of classification method and also perform classification with no concern about spectral signature of the training data. The proposed method Is applied to a Landsat TM satellite image for the verifying test.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.1-14
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• 2012

A river is defined as the watercourse flowing through its channel, and the mapping tasks of a river plays an important role for the research on the topographic changes in the riparian zones and the research on the monitoring of flooding in its floodplain. However, the utilization of the ground surveying technologies is not efficient for the mapping tasks of a river due to the irregular surfaces of the riparian zones and the dynamic changes of water level of a river. Recently, the spatial information data sets are widely used for the coastal mapping tasks due to the acquisition of the topographic information without human accessibility. In this research, we tried to extract a river from the RapidEye imagery by using the ISODATA(Iterative Self_Organizing Data Analysis) classification algorithm with the two different parameters(NIR (Near Infra-Red) band and NDVI(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index)). First, the two different images(the NIR band image and the NDVI image) were generated from the RapidEye imagery. Second, the ISODATA algorithm were applied to each image and each river was generated in each image through the post-processing steps. River boundaries were also extracted from each classified image using the Sobel edge detection algorithm. Ground truths determined by the experienced expert are used for the assessment of the accuracy of an each generated river. Statistical results show that the extracted river using the NIR band has higher accuracies than the extracted river using the NDVI.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.44-57
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• 1995

In this paper GFI (Generalized Fuzzy Isodata) and FI (Fuzzy Isodata) algorithms are studied and applied to the tire tread pattern classification problem. GFI algorithm which repeatedly grouping the partitioned cluster depending on the fuzzy partition matrix is general form of GI algorithm. In the constructing the binary tree using GFI algorithm cluster validity, namely, whether partitioned cluster is feasible or not is checked and construction of the binary tree is obtained by FDH clustering algorithm. These algorithms show the good performance in selecting the prototypes of each patterns and classifying patterns. Directions of edge in the preprocessed image of tire tread pattern are selected as features of pattern. These features are thought to have useful information which well represents the characteristics of patterns.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2007.03a
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• pp.113-119
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• 2007

This article deals mainly with two objectives viz, 1) the potentiality of very high-resolution(VHR) multi-spectral and pan chromatic QuickBird satellite data in resources mapping over moderate resolution satellite data (IRS LISS III) and 2) the advantages of using object oriented classification method of eCognition software in land use and land cover analysis over the ISODATA classification method. These VHR data offers widely acceptable metric characteristics for cartographic updating and increase our ability to map land use in geometric detail and improve accuracy of local scale investigations. This study has been carried out in the Sukkalampatti mini-watershed, which is situated in the Eastern Ghats of Tamil Nadu, India. The eCognition object oriented classification method succeeded in most cases to achieve a high percentage of right land cover class assignment and it showed better results than the ISODATA pixel based one, as far as the discrimination of land cover classes and boundary depiction is concerned.