• Transactions of Materials Processing
• /
• v.22 no.6
• /
• pp.328-333
• /
• 2013

The current study aims to determine the limit strains more accurately and reasonably when producing a forming limit curve (FLC) from experiments. The international standard ISO 12004-2 in its recent version (2008) states that the limit major strain should be determined by using the best-fit inverse second-order parabola through the experimental strain distribution. However, in cases where fracture does not occur at the center of the specimen, due to insufficient lubrication, the inverse parabola does not give a realistic fit because of its intrinsic symmetry in shape. In this study it is demonstrated that an inverse quartic function can give a much better fit than an inverse parabola in almost all FLC test samples showing asymmetric strain distributions. Using a quartic fit creates more reliable FLCs.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.115-122
• /
• 2018

Most domestic and international standards on the forming limit diagram (FLD) including ISO 12004-2, use a 'position-dependent method,' which determines the forming limit from a strain distribution measured on the specimen after necking or fracture. However, the position-dependent method has inherent problems such as the incidence of asymmetry of a strain distribution, the estimation of missing data near fracture, the termination time of test, and the deformation due to the new stress equilibrium after a fracture, which is blamed for causing sometimes a significant lab-to-lab variation. The 'time-dependent method,' which is anticipated to be a new international standard for evaluating the forming limit, is expected to greatly improve these intrinsic disadvantages of the position-dependent method. It is because the time-dependent method makes it possible to identify and accurately determine the forming limit, just before the necking point from the strain data as continuously measured in a short time interval. In this study, we propose a new time-dependent method based on a Gaussian fitting of strain acceleration with the introduction of 'normalized correlation coefficient.' It has been shown in this study that this method can determine the forming limit very stably and gives a higher value, which is in comparison with the results of the previously studied position-dependent and time-dependent methods.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.167-172
• /
• 2011

The numerical simulation of the Forming Limit Diagram(FLD) test was carried out to calculate the limiting dome height(LDH: ISO12004-2) for aluminum alloy sheet Al6061-T6. The finite element analysis was used as an effective method for evaluating formability and diagnosing possible production problems in sheet stamping operations. To predict fracture during the stamping process, several failure models such as Cockcroft-Latham, Rice-Tracey, Brozzo and ESI-Wilkins-Kamoulakos(EWK) criteria were applied. The predicted results were discussed and compared with the experiments for Al6061-T6.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
• /
• v.24 no.5
• /
• pp.361-367
• /
• 2015

The forming limit diagram (FLD) is the most commonly used tool for evaluating of sheet metal formability in the manufacturing field as well as the finite element analysis (FEA)-based design process. Determination of the forming limits is considerably influenced by testing/measuring machines, techniques and conditions. These influences may cause a large scatter in FLD from laboratory to laboratory. Scatter is especially true when the ‘position-dependent method’, as is specified in most national and international standards, is used. In the current study a new ‘time-dependent method’ is proposed, which is to determine the forming limit strains more accurately and reasonably when producing a FLD from experimental data. This method is based on continual strain measurement during the test. The results are compared to those from the existing standardized methods.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
• /
• 2011.05a
• /
• pp.207-207
• /
• 2011

The numerical simulation of the Forming Limit Diagram(FLD) test was carried out to calculate the limiting dome height(LDH: ISO12004-2) for aluminum alloy sheet Al6061-T6. The finite element analysis was used as an effective method for evaluating formability and diagnosing possible production problems in sheet stamping operations. To predict fracture during the stamping process, several failure models such as Cockcroft-Latham, Rice-Tracey, Brozzo and ESI-Wilkins-Kamoulakos(EWK) criteria were applied. The predicted results were discussed and compared with the experiments for Al6061-T6.