• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.371-377
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• 2016

Decalcification is routinely performed to obtain a pathological diagnosis using bone marrow biopsy. During the decalcification process using a conventional acidic solution, such as HCl, the antigenicity of tissue is damaged. Especially DNA and RNA in the bone marrow are impaired. Hence, there is the need for a standardized decalcification protocol that preserves the antigenicity of tissue. To this end, we compared the effects of two commonly used decalcifiers: Commercial decalcifier (Calcl-Clear Rapid, HCl) and the EDTA (12.5%, pH 7.0). Bone marrow biopsies sampled from 71 patients were decalcified in accordance with the protocols of respective groups-HCI versus EDTA. The differences of decalcification protocols were analyzed with respect to Hematoxylin & Eosin staining, Gomori'sreticulum staining, and immunohistochemical staining and molecular analysis. Immunohistochemical staining used Ki-67, CD20 and CD138 as primary antibodies and molecular analysis was conducted through the DNA concentration analysis, in situ hybridization (ISH) and immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) gene rearrangement. On the routine histopathology analysis, there was no difference between HCl and EDTA. Moreover, in case of immunohistochemical staining, the cytoplasmic membrane or cytoplasmic CD markers was well preserved. However, nuclear proteins, such as Ki-67, were stained with low quality. Conversely, according to the molecular analysis, the EDTA protocol preserved the DNA and RNA compared with the HCI. The differences of DNA quantity and quality were statistically significant between protocols of HCl and EDTA. We used 38 cases in HCl and 12 cases in EDTA. Consequently, the EDTA protocol maintains the antigenicity of the protein on tissue and is acceptable for examination with molecular base analysis. Decalcification of bone marrow biopsy by EDTA is highly recommended for the examination of immunohistochemical staining and molecular analysis.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.1 s.81
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• pp.143-149
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• 2007

Scutellaria baicalensis GEORGI(SB) is used in oriental medicine for the treatment of incipient strokes. Although it has been reported that SB is neuroprotective in a hypoxia model, its mechanism is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the effect of SB on the modulation of retinoic acid receptor a (RARa). Rat cerebrocortical cells were grown in neurobasal medium. On DIV12 cells were treated with SB $(20{\mu}g/ml)$ and given a hypoxic shock $(2%\;O_2/5%\;CO_2,\;3hr)$ on DIV14. In situ hybridization using cRNA probe revealed that RARa mRNA punctae are distributed, in addition to nucleus, throughout neuronal dendrites, where SB upregulated its density by 69.8% (p=0.001) and 129.8% (p=0.001) in both normoxia and hypoxia, respectively. At the protein level, SB upregulated RARa in the neuronal soma by 78.8% (p=0.004) and 23.6% (p=0.001) in both normoxia and hypoxia, respectively. These results indicate that SB upregulates RARa in both normoxia and hypoxia, which might contribute to the neuroprotection.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.261-269
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• 2003

목 적:본 연구에서는 생쥐 난소 주기에 따른Dazla 유전자의 발현 조절 양상을 관찰하고자 하였다. 연구재료 및 방법: 생후 27일된 암컷 미성숙 생쥐 (total 33EA; each 3 EA)로 부터 Pregnant Mare Serum Globulin (PMSG) 투여전, PMSG 투여 3시간, 6시간, 12시간, 24시간, 48시간 후 난소 조직과 hCG 투여 3시간, 6시간, 12시간, 24시간, 48시간 후 난소 조직을 획득하였다. 암컷 성숙 생쥐 난소와 (n=3) 수컷 성숙 생쥐 (n=3)로부터 고환 조직을 획득하여 대조군으로 사용하였다. 각각의 획득된 조직에서 Dazla mRNA 의 발현 여부를 RT-PCR과 in situ hybridization (ISH) 방법으로 확인하였다. 호르몬 투여 시기에 따른 Dazla 유전자의 발현 강도를 ISH 방법으로 비교하여 정상 난소주기에서 PMSG와 PMSG+hCG 에 의한 Dazla 유전자의 발현 조절 양상을 관찰하였다. 결 과: 미성숙 생쥐, 성숙 생쥐 난소 내 난자 모두에서Dazla 유전자의 발현이 관찰되었다. 성숙 생쥐 고환 내 정자에서도 Dazla 유전자의 발현이 관찰되었다. 미성숙 및 성숙 생쥐의 난포에서는 난포의 성장에 따라 Dazla 유전자의 발현 강도가 강하게 관찰되었다. 미성숙 생쥐에 투여된 PMSG와 PMSG+hCG에 의한 유전자의 발현 강도는 난포의 크기가 같을 경우 호르몬 투여전과 비교하여 차이가 없었다. 결 론: Dazla 유전자는 난소내 난자에서 특이하게 발현되며, 난포의 크기에 따라 난자에서의 dazla유전자 발현의 강도도 증가한다. 그러나 PMSG와 PMSG+hCG에 의하여 유전자 발현이 조절되지 않은 것으로 보아 난소의 배란주기에 따른 유전자의 발현 양상에 변화가 없는 것으로 생각된다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.8
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• pp.875-881
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• 2006

Purpose : The aims of this study were to analyze the clinical characteristics of children with Kikuchi's disease(KD) at a medical center and to investigate the etiologic role of human herpesvirus 8(HHV 8) or Epstein-Barr virus(EBV) in children with KD. Methods : Twenty six children who were diagnosed as KD between Jan. 1998 and Dec. 2005 were included. Medical records were reviewed on the clinical characteristics of children with KD. Follow up data were collected by chart review and telephone contact. Polymerase chain reaction(PCR) was performed in order to detect HHV 8 DNA, and in situ hybridization(ISH) was perfomed in order to detect EBV RNA from 20 lymph node tissues. Results : There were 15 girls and 11 boys with a mean age of 13 years. Posterior cervical lymph nodes were involved in 72 percent(18/25) of the patients. Extracervical lymphadenopathy was associated in one patient. Fever was an associated symptom in 31 percent(8/26) of the patients. Leukopenia was observed in six (46 percent) patients. The cervical lymphadenopathy usually resolved spontaneously within 6 months. Only one patient had a recurrence of lymphadenopathy with fever during follow-up. No children with KD in our series developed systemic lupus erythematosus. HHV 8 DNA was not amplified by nested PCR in any of the cases, and all cases were negative for EBV RNA by ISH. Conclusion : KD should be differentiated as a cause of cervical lymphadenopathy in children. HHV 8 and EBV may not play major causative roles in KD in children.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.365-374
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• 2019

Unlike benign tumors, malignant tumors are capable of metastasis, easy to relapse, poor survival, and low quality of life. In Korea, here is a tendency to treat the tumors collectively according to the General Principles of Cancer Chemotherapy(GPCC) of the Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service (HIRA). But recently, companion diagnostics(CDx) is recommended rather than unilateral medication because biomarker-based molecular diagnostics is possible to predict the drug response of patients before drug treatment. Not only domestic but also overseas Food and Drug Administratio (FDA) recommends the development of the CDx system at the stage of drug development to ensure the responsiveness and safety of medicines. In this study, I focused on the necessity of CDx development direction as well as CDx development status through literature review. Furthermore I also discussed CDx types according to the molecular diagnostic technology such as immunohistochemistry (IHC), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), in situ hybridization (ISH), and next-generation sequencing (NGS) not only in the approved CDx but also in the developing one by US FDA. And I suggested the technology issue of CDx development process such as a selection of molecular diagnostics at the time of release, a clear understanding of the CDx mechanism, and a convergence of drug with CDx development. The necessity of social insurance system also was proposed for CDx development.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.135-138
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• 2011

The authors of the present study report the prenatal detection of a chromosomal abnormality with additional satellites on the distal short arm of chromosome 8. A 35-year-old woman was referred for amniocentesis because of her advanced maternal age and positive result for maternal serum screening test. Cytogenetic analysis of cultured amniocytes showed a satellite 8p chromosome. The satellite 8p chromosome was positive for nucleolus organizer region (NOR) staining. The parents' karyotypes were normal. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) study for metaphases of fetal amniocytes revealed a cryptic translocation of chromosomes 8p and 22p. The fetal karyotype was described as 46,XY,8ps.ish t(8;22)(p23.3;p11.2) (D8S504-;D8S504+)dn. The parents decided to continue the pregnancy and a phenotypically normal boy was born at 38 weeks of gestation. In case of de novo terminal NORs detected prenatally, more accurate cytogenetic and molecular analysis should be performed in order to rule out cryptic chromosomal rearrangement among other chromosomes.