• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.66 no.5
• /
• pp.552-561
• /
• 2023

Objective : A chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a collection of bloody fluid located in the subdural space and encapsulated by neo-membranes. An inner subdural hygroma (ISH) is observed between the inner membrane of a CSDH and the brain surface. We present six cases of CSDH combined with ISH treated via endoscopy. Methods : Between 2011 and 2022, among the 107 patients diagnosed with CSDH in our institute, six patients were identified as presenting with CSDH combined with ISH and were included in this study. Preoperative computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed simultaneously, and endoscopic surgery for aspiration of the hematoma was performed in all cases of CSDH combined with ISH. Results : The mean age of patients was 71 years (range, 66 to 79). The patients were all male. In two cases, the ISH was not identified on CT, but was clearly seen on MRI in all patients. The inner membrane of the CSDH was tense and bulging after draining of the CSDH in endoscopic view due to the high pressure of the ISH. After fenestration of the inner membrane of the CSDH and aspiration of the ISH, the membrane was sunken down due to the decreasing pressure of the ISH. There was one recurrence in post-operative 2-month follow up. The symptoms improved in all patients after surgery, and there were no surgery-related complications. Conclusion : CSDH combined with ISH can be diagnosed on imaging, and endoscopic surgery facilitates safe and effective treatment.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.31-37
• /
• 2010

Objects : This study was performed in order to evaluate the effects of Agrimoniae herba (AH) ethanol extract on intrastriatal hemorrhage (ISH). Method : ISH was induced by the stereotaxic intrastriatal injection of bacterial collagenase type IV in Sprague-Dawley rats. AH was orally given once a day for 3 days after ISH. Hematoma volume and percentage edema were examined. Immunohistochemistry was processed for iNOS, c-Fos, MMP-9, and MMP-12 expressions in the brain sections and each immuno-labeling were calculated with image analysis. Results : results are as follows; 1. AH reduced the hematoma volume and percentage edema of the ISH-induced rat brain. 2. AH swollen apoptotic bodies and neurons in the peri-hematoma regions of the ISH-induced rat brain. 3. AH significantly reduced c-Fos, MMP-9 and MMP-12 positive cells in the peri-hematoma regions of the ISH-induced rat brain. 4. AH swollen iNOS expressions in the peri-hematoma regions of the ISH-induced rat brain. Conclusion : These results suggest that AH plays an anti-apoptotic neuroprotective effect through control of ISH, suppression of c-Fos, and down-regulation of MMP-9 and MMP-12 expressions in the brain tissues.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.37 no.4
• /
• pp.809-816
• /
• 1997

In this presented study, we established a method for diagnosis of porcine epidemic diarrhea(PED) by in situ hybridization(ISH), which made distinct progress in diagnostic pathology. We also carried out the retrospective diagnosis through ISH to assume the exact time of the first outbreak and incidence of PED in Korea. The outbreak of PED in Korea reported in 1992. However, since the end of 1980's, some researches of pig-industry have already suspected the outbreak of PED, not transmissible gastroenteritis(TGE). In this experiment, we performed the ISH using 80 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues of porcine intestine which were requests for pathological diagnosis from 63 farms whose primary sign was diarrhea from 1984 to 1991. We prepared biotinylated cDNA probe(492base pairs) for ISH by nick translation method and carried out the ISH, using $Microprobe^{TM}$ capillary action system(Fisher $Biotech^R$). We detected PED virus in intestinal mucosa of 2 cases in 1992, 1 case in 1988, and 1 case in 1987. As a result, we assume that the outbreak of PED in Korea have already started since 1987.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.76-82
• /
• 2007

By combining in situ hybridization (ISH) and immunocytochemistry (IC), microscopic topological localization of mRNAs and proteins can be determined. Although this technique can be applied to a variety of tissues, it is particularly important for use on neuronal cells which are morphologically complex and in which specific mRNAs and proteins are located in distinct subcellular domains such as dendrites and dendritic spines. One common technical problem for combined ISH and IC is that the signal for immunocytochemical localization of proteins often becomes much weaker after conducting ISH. In this manuscript, we report a simplified but robust protocol that allows immunocytochemical localization of proteins after ISH. In this protocol, we fix cultured cortical or hippocampal neurons with 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA), rinse briefly in PBS, and then further fix the cells with $-20^{\circ}C$ methanol. Our method has several major advantages over previously described ones in that (1) it is simple, as it is just consecutive routine fixation procedures, (2) it does not require any special alteration to the fixation procedures such as changes in salt concentration, and (3) it can be used with antibodies that are compatible with either methanol (MeOH-) or PFA-fixed target proteins. To our best knowledge, we are the first to employ this fixation method for fluorescence ISH + IC.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.39 no.3
• /
• pp.583-592
• /
• 1999

We have developed the in situ hybridization(ISH) technique for rapid diagnosis of canine distemper(CD) which is the major infectious disease in dogs. In our experiment, we rapidly detected distribution of the specific canine distemper viral genome without disrupting morphology of tissues or cells. Two oligonucleotide probes for ISH were synthesized chemically and labelled 5' end with nonisotopic biotin by DNA synthesizer. The whole procedures of ISH was completed within 1~2 hours using the Microcapillary action system. On histological study, typical cytoplasmic or intranuclear inclusion bodies were observed in the trachea, bronchiole, brain, and urinary bladder with the presence of prominent red positive signals on ISH, indicating specific CDV genome from the paraffin-embedded tissues of infected 13 cases. The results showed ISH can be used as a rapid and effective diagnostic method for diagnosis of CD.

• Journal of fish pathology
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.163-171
• /
• 2013

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the most rapid and widely used method to detect viral pathogens. However, this method does not provide histopathologic nature of the virus. In situ hybridization (ISH) with oligonucleotide probes is attractive because it is a rapid method for detection and identification of viral pathogens at sites of tissue infection. In order to understand the histopathologic characterictics of Red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV), viral-hemorrhagic septicemia (VHS) virus and viral nervous necrosis (VNN) virus to cultured olive flounder, we her applied ISH method to various kinds of olive flounder tissues with PCR-positive for these three viruses. We found that these viruses showed different tissue tropism and were detected from different cell types. Our results suggest that ISH is useful not only in rapid detection of viral pathogens but also in understanding the histopathologic characters of specific viral pathogens.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.42 no.3
• /
• pp.351-362
• /
• 2002

Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious infection of poultry, Two pathology-based techniques, in situ RT-PCR and in situ hybridization (ISH) were applied to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from chickens naturally infected with velogenic ND virus (VNDV). Two pairs of primers and a probe for ISH and in situ RT-PCR, respectively, were selected from highly conserved region of matrix gene of NDV. The ISH experiment was carried out using MicroProbe$^{TM}$ capillary action system within 2 hours. In situ RT-PCR was performed using MicroProbe$^{TM}$ capillary action system and GeneAmp In Situ PCR system. With ISH and in situ RT-PCR, viral nucleic acid was detected in the central nervous system of chickens from infected with neurotropic velogenic Newcastle disease virus (NVNDV), whereas viral nucleic acid was detected in various organs or tissues of chickens from infected with viscerotropic velogenic Newcastle disease virus (VVNDV). In the NVND group, positive signals were characteristically defined in the cytoplasm of neuron, vascular endothelial cells, and perivascular mononuclear macrophages in the central nervous system. One of NVND group, chicken from one farm exhibited positive signals in the bronchial epithelium. The VVND group chickens showed positive reaction in the macrophages, vascular endothelium, and bronchiolar epithelium. Markedly, viral nucleic acid was detected in the macrophages of morphologically normal tissues which were peripheral or located in distant areas from lesions. The central nervous system of chickens infected with VVND virus had positive signals in the vascular endothelial cell, perivascular mononuclear macrophages and some neuron. The number and intensity of the positive cells by in situ RT-PCR were more and stronger, respectively, in comparison with those by ISH. Particularly, positive reaction was detected in macrophages infiltrating in cardiac muscle by in situ RT-PCR, but not obtained by ISH. Therefore, these results demonstrated that ISH is a rapid diagnostic method for detection of NDV and in situ RT-PCR can be used as an efficient method for detection of low viral load infection or subclinical viral infection of NDV.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2007.02a
• /
• pp.228-234
• /
• 2007

한국과학기술원 인간친화복지로봇 연구센터에서 개발 중인 ISH(Intelligent Sweet Home)는 다양한 서비스 로봇 및 인간-기계 인터페이스(HMI:Human-Machine Interface)를 통해서 노약자 및 장애인의 일상 생활을 도와 줄 수 있는 지능형 주거 공간이다. ISH에서는 홈네트워크를 통해 연결된 가전 기기 및 환경 정보 취득이 가능한 센서 장비, 그리고 지능형 침대, 휠체어, 이동 보조 로봇 등이 거주자가 독립 생활을 영위할 수 있도록 여러 가지 서비스를 제공한다. 하지만 노약자 및 장애인의 관점에서 서비스 양의 증가뿐만 아니라, 이를 쉽고 편하게 운용할 수 있는 서비스 질의 측면 또한 중요하게 고려하여야 한다. 이러한 이유 때문에, ISH에서는 집사 로봇(steward robot)의 개념을 도입하여 거주자와 복잡한 시스템의 효율적인 매개체로 사용하고 있다. 사용자의 편의를 추구하기 위한 공학적인 접근방법 중의 하나로, 본 논문에서는 집사 로봇의 작업 계획 기능에 대해서 설명하도록 한다. 작업 계획 시스템을 이용하여, 집사 로봇은 사용자의 상위 레벨 명령을 해석하여 각 로봇 또는 제어 가능 개체들을 제어하게 된다. 제안하는 시스템은 STRIPS(STanford Research Institute Problem Solver) 상태 표현 방법과 그래프계획(Graphplan) 방법에 기반하여 작업 계획을 수행한다. 또한 작업 계획 속도를 증가 시키기 위하여 공간 추상화(world abstraction)와 하위 목표 계획(subgoal planning)의 개념을 적용하였다. 그리고 ISH에서 정의된 시나리오를 이용한 상위 레벨 명령을 통해 제안된 시스템의 효용성을 검증하도록 한다.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.327-333
• /
• 1994

The purpose of this study was to establish a rapid diagnostic method detecting Aujeszky's disease virus (ADV) DNA in the cultured cell monolayers (PK-15) and tissue sections of ADV(NYJ-1-87)-infected rats and pigs by in situ hybridization(ISH). Detection of specific ADV-DNA in infected cells was conducted by radiolabeled ISH method using $^{32}P-labeled $ DNA probe (BamH1 7 fragment) which contains a 6.3 Kb ADV-DNA insert. Where ADV-DNA was detected by radiolabeled ISH, the deposition of black photographic grains occurred in the nuclei and the cytoplasms of ADV-infected cells. Positive hybridization signal was often observed in the spinal trigerminal nucleus of the pons, the nucleus of the trigerminal ganglion neuron and the epithelial cells of tonsillar crypts. The results suggested that ISH is considered as a highly sensitive and reliable tool for confirmative diagnosis of this viral disease.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.146-152
• /
• 2006

Systemic infections of maricultured fishes by Megalocytivirus species have occurred over a broad area in South Korea, causing extensive economic loss. We developed digoxigenin-labeled nucleic acid probes against the 230-bp ATPase and 311-bp major capsid protein (MCP) of rock bream Oplegnathus fasciatus iridovirus (RBIV) using polymerase chain reaction, and an in situ hybridization (ISH) method to detect Megalocytivirus in formalin-fixed tissues of mariculture species (rock bream, sea bass, and olive flounder). ISH-positive cells were abundant in the hematopoietic and connective tissues of various organs, while brain tissue showed little or no signal. The ISH procedure can become an important diagnostic tool in complement with histopathological methods, and advances epidemiological studies on the origin and distribution of Megalocytivirus in mariculture.