• Asia pacific journal of information systems
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.611-635
• /
• 2014

Information systems (IS) have become ubiquitous and changed every aspect of how people live their lives. While some IS have been successfully adopted and widely used, others have failed to be adopted and crowded out in spite of remarkable progress in technologies. Both the technology acceptance model (TAM) and the IS Success Model (ISSM), among many others, have contributed to explain the reasons of success as well as failure in IS adoption and usage. While the TAM suggests that intention to use and perceived usefulness lead to actual IS usage, the ISSM indicates that information quality, system quality, and service quality affect IS usage and user satisfaction. Upon literature review, however, we found a significant void in theoretical development and its applications that employ either of the two models, and we raise research questions. First of all, in spite of the causal relationship between intention to use and actual usage, in most previous studies, only intention to use was employed as a dependent variable without overt explaining its relationship with actual usage. Moreover, even in a few studies that employed actual IS usage as a dependent variable, the degree of actual usage was measured based on users' perceptual responses to survey questionnaires. However, the measurement of actual usage based on survey responses might not be 'actual' usage in a strict sense that responders' perception may be distorted due to their selective perceptions or stereotypes. By the same token, the degree of system quality that IS users perceive might not be 'real' quality as well. This study seeks to fill this void by measuring the variables of actual usage and system quality using 'fact' data such as system logs and specifications of users' information and communications technology (ICT) devices. More specifically, we propose an integrated research model that bring together the TAM and the ISSM. The integrated model is composed of both the variables that are to be measured using fact as well as survey data. By employing the integrated model, we expect to reveal the difference between real and perceived degree of system quality, and to investigate the relationship between the perception-based measure of intention to use and the fact-based measure of actual usage. Furthermore, we also aim to add empirical findings on the general research question: what factors influence actual IS usage and how? In order to address the research question and to examine the research model, we selected a mobile campus application (MCA). We collected both fact data and survey data. For fact data, we retrieved them from the system logs such information as menu usage counts, user's device performance, display size, and operating system revision version number. At the same time, we conducted a survey among university students who use an MCA, and collected 180 valid responses. A partial least square (PLS) method was employed to validate our research model. Among nine hypotheses developed, we found five were supported while four were not. In detail, the relationships between (1) perceived system quality and perceived usefulness, (2) perceived system quality and perceived intention to use, (3) perceived usefulness and perceived intention to use, (4) quality of device platform and actual IS usage, and (5) perceived intention to use and actual IS usage were found to be significant. In comparison, the relationships between (1) quality of device platform and perceived system quality, (2) quality of device platform and perceived usefulness, (3) quality of device platform and perceived intention to use, and (4) perceived system quality and actual IS usage were not significant. The results of the study reveal notable differences from those of previous studies. First, although perceived intention to use shows a positive effect on actual IS usage, its explanatory power is very weak ($R^2$=0.064). Second, fact-based system quality (quality of user's device platform) shows a direct impact on actual IS usage without the mediating role of intention to use. Lastly, the relationships between perceived system quality (perception-based system quality) and other constructs show completely different results from those between quality of device platform (fact-based system quality) and other constructs. In the post-hoc analysis, IS users' past behavior was additionally included in the research model to further investigate the cause of such a low explanatory power of actual IS usage. The results show that past IS usage has a strong positive effect on current IS usage while intention to use does not have, implying that IS usage has already become a habitual behavior. This study provides the following several implications. First, we verify that fact-based data (i.e., system logs of real usage records) are more likely to reflect IS users' actual usage than perception-based data. In addition, by identifying the direct impact of quality of device platform on actual IS usage (without any mediating roles of attitude or intention), this study triggers further research on other potential factors that may directly influence actual IS usage. Furthermore, the results of the study provide practical strategic implications that organizations equipped with high-quality systems may directly expect high level of system usage.

• 경영과학
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.115-128
• /
• 1996

System usage, the utilization of information technology(IT) by individuals, groups or organizations, is a core variable in IS research. Indeed, there is widespread agreement among researchers that system usage is the primary variable through which IT affects white collar performance because it is a requisite, albeit insufficient, for deriving the benefits of IT. Furthermore, system usage has a notable practical value for managers interested in evaluating the impact of IT. Despite the number of studies of targeted at explaining system usage, there are more areas which required for the verification of system usage. The purpose of this paper is to address, using the Technological Acceptance Model (TAM), the usage pattern of AHP toward the various task in group decision (GD). The result showed that, for the all of the task types, perceived usage (PU) has more effect than perceived ease-of-use(PEU) on the AHP usage. However, more researches are required to generalize the result of this study.

• 전기학회논문지
• /
• 제65권1호
• /
• pp.16-22
• /
• 2016

This paper addresses the load usage scheduling in the HEMS for residential power consumers. The HEMS would lead the residential users to change their power usage, so as to minimize the cost in response to external information such as a time-varying electricity price, the outside temperature. However, there may be a consumer's inconvenience in the change of the power usage. In order to improve this, it is required to understand the pattern of load usage according to the external information. Therefore, this paper suggests a methodology to model the load usage pattern, which classifies home appliances according to external information affecting the load usage and models the usage pattern for each appliance based on a copula function representing the correlation between variables. The modeled pattern would be reflected as a constraint condition for an optimal load usage scheduling problem in HEMS. To explain an application of the methodology, a case study is performed on an electrical water heater (EWH) and an optimal load usage scheduling for EHW is performed based on the branch-and-bound method. From the case study, it is shown that the load usage pattern can contribute to an efficient power consumption.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.255-274
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this research is to develop an information technology (IT) usage level assessment model for service industry. It is necessary to develop an assessment model for service industry's IT usage to improve service productivity. However, it is not easy to develop assessment models due to service industry's diversity. In this paper a generic IT usage assessment model for service industry has been developed and validated through a descriptive approach. Key factors affecting service productivity have been identified and analysed. A pilot test on IT usage level has been performed to investigate the relevance and importance of IT usage indicators (factors). As a result, a set of effective IT usage indicators for service industry have been found. A short-cut model and a full scale model have been proposed for efficient and effective usage. The results of this study can be used for enhancement of service industry productivity through the increase of IT usage level.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제22권5호
• /
• pp.319-326
• /
• 2022

OTT(over-the-top) 비디오 서비스가 성장하면서 스마트TV가 동반 성장 중이다. 이 연구는 간접 네트워크 효과와 보완 이론을 적용하여 디지털 콘텐츠 이용과 스마트TV 이용 간의 관계를 탐색했다. 전국 대상 설문조사를 실시한 한국미디어패널데이터를 활용하여 디지털 콘텐츠 이용(OTT 이용여부/이용량/유형별 이용, 온라인 게임/음악/교육/뉴스 서비스 이용)이 스마트TV 이용에 미치는 영향을 분석했다. 연구결과 OTT 이용자일수록, OTT 이용시간이 많을수록 스마트TV를 이용했으며, 유료OTT단독가입, 유료OTT복수가입, 무료OTT 이용자들이 OTT 비이용자 대비 스마트TV를 이용했다. 온라인 서비스 중에서 교육서비스 이용은 스마트TV 이용과 정(+)의 관계가, 뉴스 이용은 부(-)의 관계가 있었다. 이 연구결과로 디지털 콘텐츠의 다양성과 이용증대가 스마트TV의 수요를 증대시킨다는 간접 네트워크 효과 이론이 지지되었으며, OTT 이용자가 대형 TV화면을 이용하면서 OTT와 스마트TV간 보완관계가 형성된다는 보완이론이 지지되었다.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.195-221
• /
• 2009

According to an industry report, a large number of organizations have invested in Organizational Information System(OIS) in the past few years. Several research results indicate that successful investments in OIS lead to productivity enhancement, while failed ones result in undesirable consequences such as financial losses and dissatisfaction among employees. In spite of huge investments, however, many organizations have failed in achieving the hoped-for returns from OIS. Thus, understanding user acceptance, adoption, and usage of new IS(Information Systems) is an important issue for IS practitioners. Indeed, study of the user acceptance of new information system has been one of the most important research topics in the contemporary IS literature. Several theoretical models are tested to examine 'user acceptance' and 'usage behavior' in IS context. While many research models incorporate 'ease of use' or 'usefulness' as important factors in explaining user acceptance, Technology Acceptance Model(TAM) has been one of the most widely applied models in user acceptance and usage behavior. Even in recent IS studies that employ theories of innovation diffusion in the area of IS implementation, a major focus has been on the user's perception of information technologies. In this research, we study 'voluntariness' as an important factor in IS acceptance by users. Voluntariness is defined as "the degree to which the use of the innovation is perceived as being voluntary, or of free will" When examining the diffusion of accepting OIS, a thoughtful consideration should be given to 'perceived voluntariness.' Current article has following research questions: 1) What models are appropriate to explain the success of OIS? and 2) How does the 'voluntariness' affect the success of OIS? In order to answer these questions, a research model is proposed to describe the detailed nature of association among three independent variables (IT usage level, task interdependency, and organizational support), a mediating variable (IS usage), a dependent variable (perceived performance), and a moderating variable(perceived voluntariness). The central claim of this article is that organizations hardly realize expected returns from OIS investments unless perceived voluntariness is effectively managed after operating OIS. As an example of OIS in this study we have selected the Intranet of Republic of Korea Air Force (ROKAF). ROKAF has implemented the Intranet in an attempt to improve communication and coordination within the organization. To test our research model and hypotheses, survey questionnaires were first sent out to 400 Intranet users. With the assistance of ROKAF, Intranet users were initially identified among its members, and subjects were randomly drawn from the pool. 377 survey responses were finally returned. The unit of measurement and analysis in this research is a personal level. Path analysis based on structural equation modeling was used to test research hypotheses. Construct validity represents accordance between the theoretical base concept of constructs and its measurement items. Tests for the reliability and discriminant validity are accepted, thus verifying our survey instrument. In this research, we have proposed a conceptual framework to highlight the importance of perceived voluntariness after organization deploys OIS. The results of our analysis present several key finding. First, all three independent variables (IT usage level, task interdependency, and organizational support) have significant effects on IS usage, which will eventually improve performance. Thus, IS usage plays a mediating role between antecedent variables (IT usage level. task interdependency, and organizational support) and performance improvement. Second, the effect of the task dependency was the highest for IS usage among the three antecedent variables. This is highly plausible since one of the Intranet's major capabilities is to facilitate communication among members within an organization. Accordingly, we conclude that the higher the task dependency, the higher Intranet usage. The effect of user's IT usage level was the second, while the effect of the organizational support was the third. Finally, the perceived voluntariness plays a pivotal role in enhancing perceived performance in personal level after launching the Intranet. Relationships among investigated variables were significantly different between groups with a high level and a low level of voluntariness. The impact of the Intranet usage on the performance was greater in the higher level voluntariness group than in the lower one. For the lower level voluntariness group, the user's IT usage had the highest effect on the Intranet usage among the three antecedent variables. In short, our study suggests that the higher the perceived voluntariness is the more IS usage will be. Perceived voluntariness was found to have a moderating effect on the relationships among user IT usage level, task interdependency, IS usage, and perceived performance, supporting all the hypotheses on the moderating effect. Most of all, user IT usage level has the strongest influence on IS usage, indicating that users with superior IT usage are more likely to enjoy a high level of perceived performance.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.57-66
• /
• 2023

현재, 에너지 효율 향상으로 소비감축을 시행하는 새로운 에너지 시스템이 대두되고 있다. 이에 스마트그리드가 확산되면서 계시별 요금제가 확대되고 있다. 계시별 요금제는 계절별 / 시간별로 요금을 다르게 적용해 사용량에 따라 요금을 내는 요금제이다. 본 연구에서는 에너지 전력 사용량 데이터를 예측하기 위해, 온도/요일/시간/계절 등 외부 요인을 고려하고 시계열 예측 모델인 LSTM을 활용한다. 이러한 에너지 사용량 예측 모델을 기반으로 기기별 사용패턴을 분석하여 전력 에너지를 최대부하시간대에서 경부하시간대로 수요이전 함으로써 에너지 사용요금을 절감한다. 기기별 사용패턴을 분석하기 위해서는 시간대별로 기기의 사용량 패턴을 학습 및 분류하는 clustering 기법을 사용한다. 정리하자면, 본 연구에서는 사용자의 전력 데이터 사용량을 기반으로 사용량과 사용 요금을 예측 및 기기별 사용패턴을 분석하고 분석 기반의 맞춤형 수요이전 서비스를 제공함으로써 사용자에게 요금 절감 효과를 가져다 준다.

• 비교문화연구
• /
• 제39권
• /
• pp.485-499
• /
• 2015

Initially, the word 'usage' in the rule of Korean orthography was used to indicate the whole grammatical knowledge to separate between stems and inflectional affixes and nominals and case markers. Nowadays the word 'usage' in the rule of Korean orthograph is understood to indicate both 'usage' as the principles of the orthographic rule and 'grammar.' Even though 'usage' and 'grammar' can be understood as two different words, the discrepancy between them is not clear. In fact, if examining the rule of Korean orthography, it is not difficult to find that the principles of the orthography is written based on the grammar rules. Thus, the original principle is damaged because the rule of Korean orthography depends on the grammar rules too much. In addition, the rule of Korean orthography forces to change the grammar rules when describing them. Incorrect description of the grammar rules often causes the spelling mistakes. Therefore, it is necessary to divide two areas such as 'usage' and 'grammar' when dealing with 'the orthographic rules' and describing them.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
• /
• 제35권2호
• /
• pp.181-188
• /
• 2012

The fee system on spectrum usage is a usage fee that is charged for using spectrum provided by a wireless tower, and is used for management and promotion of the waves. The current fee system for spectrum usage in South Korea has faced many problems, such as complex calculation for fees, unjustified charges, unfairness in cost sharing among providers, and general inefficiency of operation. This study focuses on comparison of fee systems for spectrum usage of South Korea and other foreign countries, extraction of the root causes and problems by case analyses, and recommendation for better solutions to make a reasonable fee system for spectrum usage. The result of this study can be used as a solution to render spectrum usage more effective.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
• /
• 제27권
• /
• pp.2.1-2.4
• /
• 2012

Objectives: This study is a cross-sectional study to investigate the frequency of humidifier and humidifier disinfectant usage in the general population. Methods: A questionnaire was applied to 94 subjects (46 male, 48 female) from the general population of Gyeonggi Province. The questionnaire consisted of 3 scales (general characteristics, 5 items about humidifier usage, 5 items about humidifier disinfectant usage). Results: Thirty-five (37.2%) of the 94 subjects use a humidifier and humidifier disinfectant usage was found to be 18.1%. The frequency of humidifier usage is 4.8 times per a week and the humidifier disinfectant usage is 2.4 times per a week. Humidifier usage rate was highest in January. and then tended to rise gradually from October. Conclusions: Although this study population was not representative, we can say that approximately 50 percent of the humidifier users use a humidifier disinfectant and the trend of using a humidifier has shown seasonality.