• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.25-31
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• 2007

Characterizing the risk posed by a mixture of chemicals is a challenging task due to the chemical interactions of individual components that may affect their physical behavior and hence alter their exposure to receptors. In this study, cell tests that represent subsurface environment were carried out using benz[a]anthracene (BaA) and p-xylene focusing on phasetransforming interaction to verify increased mobility and risk of highly sorbed pollutants in the presence of less sorbed, mobile liquid pollutants. A transport model was also developed to interpret results and to simulate the same process on a field scale. The experimental results showed that BaA had far greater mobility in the presence of p-xylene than in the absence of that. The main transport mechanisms in the vadose zone were by dissolution to p-xylene or water. The transport model utilizing Defined Time Steps (DTS) was developed and tested with the experimental results. The predicted and observed values showed similar tendency, but the more work is needed in the future study for more precise modeling. The field-scale simulation results showed that transport of BaA to groundwater table was significantly faster in the presence of NAPL, and the oral carcinogenic risk of BaA calculated with the concentration in groundwater was 15${\sim}$87 times larger when mixed with NAPL than when solely contaminated. Since transport rate of PAHs is very slow in the subsurface without NAPL and no degradation of PAHs was considered in this simulation during the transport, the increase of risk in the presence of NAPL is expected to be greater for the actual contaminated site.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.85-91
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• 2004

The objective of this study is to determine the optimum conditions of operational parameters using factorial design for phenol degradation in photocatalytic oxidation reactors. Factorial design is widely used to select the dominant factors and their ranges in experiments involving several factors where it is necessary to study the effect of factors on a response. The effects of initial concentration of phenol, intensity of UV light and surface area of catalyst on phenol degradation were investigated. Two levels were considered in this study so that the experiment was a $2^3$ factorial design with three replicates. The experimental results show that an increase in initial concentration of phenol from 5 to 50 mg/L intensity of UV light from 5,000 to $20,000\;{\mu}W/cm^2$, and surface area of catalyst from 740 to $2,105\;cm^2$ enhanced the phenol degradation rate by an average of 1.86, 1.79, and 2.10 mg/L hr, respectively. Interaction effects do not appear to be as large on the phenol degradation rate as the main effects of single factors. The optimum working condition for photocatalytic oxidation reactors, despite the higher three factors the better removal rate, is the highest surface area or catalyst.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.37-51
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• 2016

Modern optical mechanisms slanted toward Ocular-centrism have neglected diverse functions of vision, judged objects in abstract and binary perspectives, and organized spaces accordingly, there by neglecting the function of eyes groping objects. Recently, various experiences have been induced through communication with other senses by the complex perception beyond the binary perception system of vision. Haptic perception is dynamic vision that induces accompanying bodily experiences through interaction among the various senses; it recognizes the characteristics of material properties and various sensitive stimulations of human beings. This study elaborates on the major features of haptic perception by examining the theoretical background of this concept, which stimulates the active experience of the subject and determines how characteristics of haptic perception are displayed in picturesque gardens. In order to identify the major features of haptic perception, this study examines how Adolf Hildebrand's theory of vision is developed, expanded, and reinterpreted by Alois Riegl, Wilhelm Worringer, Walter Benjamin, Maurice Merleau Ponty, and Gilles Deleuze in the histories of philosophy and aesthetics. Based thereon, the core differences in haptic perception models and visual perception models are analyzed, and the features of haptic perception are identified. Then, classical gardens are set for visual perception and picturesque gardens are set for haptic perception so that the features from haptic perception identified previously are projected onto the picturesque gardens. The research results drawn from this study regarding features of haptic perception presented in picturesque gardens are as follows. The core differences of haptic perception in contrast to visual perception can be summarized as ambiguity and obscureness of boundaries, generation of dynamic perspectives, induction of motility by indefinite circulation, and strangeness and sublime beauty by the impossibility of perception. In picturesque gardens, the ambiguity and obscureness of boundaries are presented in the irregularity and asymmetric elements of planes and the rejection of a single view, and the generation of dynamic perspectives results from the adoption of narrative structure and overlapping of spaces through the creation of complete views, medium range views, and distant views, which the existing gardens lack. Thus, the scene composition technique is reproduced. The induction of motility by indefinite circulation is created by branching circulation, and strangeness and sublime beauty are presented through the use of various elements and the adoption of 'roughness', 'irregularity', and 'ruins' in the gardens.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.335-349
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• 2014

The Pocheon skarn deposit, located at the northwestern part of the Precambrian Gyeonggi massif in South Korea, occurs at the contact between the Cretaceous Myeongseongsan granite and the Precambrian carbonate rocks, and is also controlled by N-S-trending shear zone. The skarn distribution and mineralogy reflects both structural and lithological controls. Three types of skarn formations based on mineral assemblages in the Pocheon skarn exist; a sodiccalcic skarn and a magnesian skarn mainly developed in the dolostone, and a calcic skarn developed in the limestone. Iron mineralization occurs in the sodic-calcic and magnesian skarn zone, locally superimposed by copper mineralization during retrograde skarn stage. The sodic-calcic skarn is composed of acmite, diopside, albite, garnet, magnetite, maghemite, anhydrite, apatite, and sphene. Retrograde alteration consists of tremolite, phlogopite, epidote, sericite, gypum, chlorite, quartz, calcite, and sulfides. Magnesian skarn mainly consists of diopside and forsterite. Pyroxene and olivine are mainly altered to tremolite, with minor phlogopite, talc, and serpentine. The calcic skarn during prograde stage mainly consists of garnet, pyroxene and wollastonite. Retrograde alteration consists of epidote, vesuvianite, amphibole, biotite, magnetite, chlorite, quartz, calcite, and sulfides. Microprobe analyses indicate that the majority of the Pocheon skarn minerals are enriched by Na-Mg composition and have high $Fe^{3+}/Fe^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}/Fe^{2+}$, and $Al^{3+}/Fe^{2+}$ ratios. Clinopyroxene is acmitic and diopsidic composition, whereas garnet is relatively grossular-rich. Amphiboles are largely of tremolite, pargasite, and magnesian hastingsite composition. The prograde anhydrous skarn assemblages formed at about $400^{\circ}{\sim}500^{\circ}C$ in a highly oxidized environment ($fO_2=10^{-23}{\sim}10^{-26}$) under a condition of about 0.5 kbar pressure and $X(CO_2)=0.10$. With increasing fluid/rock interaction during retrograde skarn, epidote, amphibole, sulfides and calcite formed as temperature decreased to approximately $250^{\circ}{\sim}400^{\circ}C$ at $X(CO_2)=0.10$.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.37
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• pp.107-142
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of the teaching English factors on student's communicative competence and motivation by using animation at the College. To achieve this purpose, this study presented an effective integrative teaching model to develop students communicative competence. The study created animation based teaching English model by using the animation of Frozen and applied it to lectures. Using animation in the classroom was a creative English teaching technique involving authentic activities like English dram, English guide contest, and various communicative activities A case study on the use of the animation in English classes at was examined and the language teaching syllabus were provided. In order to investigate the motivation and proficiency of learners, the writer chose 79 students who took the lecture. The study discovered the students' motivation and proficiency in English improved significantly. The results of experiment are as follows: First, using animation in the English class was found to have meaningful influence student's intrinsic motivation to learn English. Second, using animation in the English class was found to be effective for developing student's English proficiency. Third, appropriate materials should be selected and applied it to the real classroom activities. In conclusion, one of disadvantages of learning is less communication and the authentic interaction in a real life, so that the integrative teaching methodology which is combined English content and English animation content is also the effective method to improve student's intrinsic motivations in the age of global village.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.4 s.46
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• pp.277-288
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• 2005

Perlite, a hydrated volcanic glass, occurs mainly as a bed-like body, and is distributed intermittently along the unconformity surface between the Beomgockri Group and its lower formations, viz. Janggi Group. The perlite is intimately associated with surrounding pumiceous welded tuff and rhyodacites in space and time. Compared to the typical perlite, the perlite is rather silica-poor and impure, and thus, includes lots of phenocrysts and rock fragments. Nearly the perlite is compositionally rather close to a pitchstone than a perlite in water contents. Petrographic comparison between perlite and associated volcanic to volcaniclastic rocks indicates that pumiceous welded tuff and rhyodacite seem to be Protolith of the Perlite. A Zr/$TiO_{2}$-Nb/Y diagram and field occurrence of perlite and their protolithic rocks also conforms the above interpretation. Kn addition, remnant vesicles in perlite strongly reflect that the precursor of perlitic glass appeared to be pumice fragment as well as volcanic glass. The perlite was diagenetically formed by way of a pervasive water-rock interaction at the deposition of the Manghaesan Formation in lacustrine environment. During perlitization, $SiO_{2}$ and alkali tend to be consistently depleted. Preexisting system of the Beomgockri Group based on the perlite formation should be corrected, because the perlite was formed diagenetically without lateral persistence in its occurrence.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.11-32
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• 2004

According to Edwin Gordon(1987, 1997, 2003), music aptitude is a product of interaction of innate potential and early environmental experiences. He referred to music aptitude of children up to nine years of age as developmental music aptitude which fluctuates due to musical environment. Music aptitude stabilizes at age nine, and the music aptitude after age nine is called "stabilized music aptitude". This research is to examine Gorden's hypothesis that the younger a child receives music education, the higher music aptitude. Also, this research is to experiment the effect of Audiation activities developed in Audie Music Curriculum on music aptitude. The researcher and another Audie teacher as a co-teacher guided children together for 30 minutes once a week. The pedagogy guidelines for informal guidance in music learning theory were kept throughout the classes. Also, Audie's teaching method which had been developed for Korean Kindergarten educational environment was also applied. Five-year-old subjects in Experimental group 1 experienced the Audie Music Curriculum of one year; five-year-old subjects in Experimental group 2 experienced it for two years. Primary Measures of Music Audiation was administered three times during their last year of Kindergarten. Subjects in the Control groups, one examined at the beginning and the other at the end of their last year in Kindergarten, received no Audie instruction. There was no significant difference in tonal aptitude, but there was significant difference in rhythmic aptitude(p< .05) among the experiemental groups. Because both Experimental groups showed statistical significance (p< .001) in the music aptitude increase during their academic years, the significant differences of the year-end music aptitude between control group and experimental groups were the expected result.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.183-204
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• 2012

This study was to analysis perception about Teaching & Learning Support System of the school of Rural Areas in Korea. In order to accomplish the study purpose, the study conducted a research through Web Survey method and examined their recognition. Major findings of this study were as follows: First, Student was satisfied with TLSS of the school of Rural Areas in Korea. Students would like to 'using e-learning with Electronic board and Tablet PC' among program contents. But the system' utilization was low. However, 90% of the students wanted that teacher usually using the FASTEL. Second, Teacher satisfaction was lower compared to the students is relatively. Teachers prefer 'various after school program' to 'using e-learning with Electronic board and Tablet PC'. However, learning effective of using FASTEL system was a 73.8% of teachers are effective is aware and had. Third, 35% Students recognized that are using the pastel system, frequently, On the other hand, the teachers are 60% and to recognize that there was. The reason doesn't the system to good use is slow wireless. Still, e-learning classroom infrastructure for satisfaction was high. Fourth, Teachers recognized students and the pastel system interaction than other e-learning system high. FASTEL System used in the most uncomfortable things on e-learning classroom Wireless Internet phenomena and lost content lacking, in order, I was told. Therefore, there is an urgent need to improve to include Wireless Internet speed improvements and various content added support, easy-to-use instructional tools Add support order selected.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.63
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• pp.121-150
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• 2020

The important developmental tasks of young adults are based on encounter and identity. These problems of encounter and identity are also connected to the instinct of longing for the "face" of primary caregivers, who acknowledge and affirm themselves as their cherished children. James Loder emphasizes that human "face pursuit instinct" later reaches "formal-operational stage" and leads to religious yearning for God as "the Eternal Face." This pursuit of "face" and "the Eternal Face" is an existential and ontological move to find out "Who am I?" through meaningful encounters. Religious psychologist Carl Jung also points out that scientific thinking has contributed to the liberation of humans from superstitious beliefs. But this has also led to the loss of the precious value of human spirit and the sense of unity with nature. Jung emphasizes that "symbolic play" should help learners and counseler face-to-face with their unconscious mind. By doing so, learners can overcome the wounds and scars of unconsciousness and mature toward the true self. James Loder is a scholar who critically introduced Jung's "unconscientious confrontation" therapy to his educational theory. Beyond Jung's unconsciousness and "symbolic play," Loder proposed transformational education for the learners to participate in meaningful changes through interaction between human spirit and the Holy Spirit. With many young adults wandering around in their existential voids, it is clear that functional and socializational education cannot overcome their problems and developmental crisis. This developmental crisis requires a foundation of identity and intimacy in the encounter with God, the "Eternal Face." Therefore, this study suggests that when Jung's "unconscious confrontation" and Loder's "transformation logic" are employed, transformational Christian education for the healthy self-identity and intimacy of young adults can be accomplished. This inquiry presents not only theoretical reflection, but also the reactions of young adults and actual feedback obtained through implementing transformational Christian education for young adults. Through all of these endeavors, this inquiry was completed by proving that "Transformational Christian Education for Young Adults" is an educational theory that can yield actual results and abound fruits. (This enquiry was undertaken by the support of the research fund of PUTS 2020.)

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.119-127
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• 2003

We measured the effect of wettability of six MPSs for RGP lens. The used MPSs(multipurpose solutions) were OPTI-SOAK(ALCON), SOLO care hard(CIBA Vision), Total care(ALLERGAN), Simplicity(BOSTON). Wetting and Soaking Sol.(Bausch & Lomb) and Aquas-multi(Saehan). These MPSs keeps hydrophilic property of lens surface and increase the effect of cleaning or increase the effect of preservative effect. To compare with the effect of wettability we followed the way of contact angle measurement which was general way to measure wettability and compared lens which was conducted by each MPS made by different companies. As a control, 0.9% NaCl solution and artificial tears were used. The degree of the effect of wettability was decided by contact angle. It is hydrophilic property nearby $0^{\circ}$ of contact angle and it is closed by hydrophobic property as it increases. To compare with the effect of wettability we followed the way of contact angle measurement which was general way to measure wettability and compared lens which was conducted by each MPS made by different companies. As a control, 0.9% NaCl solution and artificial tears were used. The degree of the effect of wettability was decided by contact angle. It is hydrophilic property nearby $0^{\circ}$ of contact angle and it is closed by hydrophobic property as it increases. The results showed that every lens was nearby hydrophilic property within $25^{\circ}{\sim}36^{\circ}$. Also, it was differed by various factors. The surface tension showed various differences between 19.8 and 31.3(mN/m). In the viscosity, MPSs represented the highest viscosity between $4^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$. It was much higher than compared with the viscosity of soft lens MPS. This experiment could be used to grasping the interaction between solutions used to MPS and the natural endowments of lens and to considering the relations of different factors effecting the wettability.