• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.348-357
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• 1998

To meet the demand for high quality of foods with the expanded implementation of foodservice into kindergarten, and to make the efficient use of resources, the necessity of introducing central production unit with cook/chill system into kindergarten foodservice is getting increased. The purpose of this study were to develop standardized recipe applicable to cook/chill system for kindergarten foodservice and to evaluate the microbial and sensory quality. For quantitty production of cook/chill system in kindergarten foodservice, Korean traditional starch foods were selected as menu items. The followings are summary of the results： 1. Standard recipes to produce Various Boiled Rice (Boriebap and Yackbap) and Rice Cake (Chapsal-pat-sirutuk) for cook/chill system have been developed. 2. The microbial quality of Boribap, Yackbap and Chapsal-pat-sirutuk during 10 days chilled storage was very excellent. And in this experiment, the stability of storage of standard recipes of Boribap, Yackbap and Chapsal-pat-sirutuk at cook/chill system was proved for 10 days. 3. In the result of sensory evaluation, apperance of Boribap was decreased significantly on the third day of storage (p<0.005). The rest of the item of sensory evaluation of Boribap has no significance between the first day and the third day of storage. The tenderness (p＜0.05) and gelatinousness (p<0.005) of Yackbap had been rated high significantly in the third day of storage than the first day of storage. The rest of the item of sensory evaluation of Boribap has no significance between the first day and the third day of storage. The color and chewiness of Chapsal-pat-sirutuk was decreased significantly on the third day of storage (p＜0.05). The rest of the item of sensory evaluation of Chapsal-pat-sirutuk has no significance between the first day and the third day of storage.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.65-86
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• 2023

Purpose - As globalization progresses, complexity also increases, and various factors that threaten port functions are emerging. Accordingly, the demand for port security to prevent the crisis and resilience that quickly recovers its original function after the crisis is also increasing in port operations. However, few studies have examined how to ensure the port security and how the resilience affects operation performance of port and sustainability performance as well. So the study aims to find out how port security affects port resilience and port operational performance, and consequently, this two factors affect socioeconomic and environmental sustainability performance respectively and synthetically. Design/methodology - Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was first performed to determine the validity of the factors of model and hypothesis test was performed using Structural Equation Model (SEM) to analyze the Port Performance Model, which show the perception logic among port security level, port resilience, operation performance, and sustainability performance. In order to empirically analyze this model, total 264 respondents from port security operators, shipping companies in South Korea were surveyed. Findings - As result of SEM, First, port security level positively affected the resilience (H1) and cargo operational performance (H2) but not in both of the sustainability performances (H3, H4). Second, resilience positively affected only cargo operational performance (H5) and socio-economic sustainability performance (H7). Last, cargo operation performance positively affects the both of sustainability performances (H8, H9). Originality/value - It was confirmed that port security could improve cargo operational performance through ensuring port resilience and eventually increase the socio-economic sustainability. Therefore the study implies that careful integration and management of port security, port resilience, and sustainability are required, along with compromise on sustainable development goals in the social, economic, and environmental area among all stakeholders.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.203-210
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• 2010

The $\underline{H}igh$ flux $\underline{A}dvanced$ $\underline{N}eutron$ $\underline{A}pplication$ $\underline{R}eact\underline{O}r$ (HANARO), an open-tank-in-pool type reactor, is one of the multi-purpose research reactors in the world. Since the commencement of HANARO's operations in 1995, a significant number of experimental facilities have been developed and installed at HANARO, and continued efforts to develop more facilities are in progress. Owing to the stable operation of the reactor and its frequent utilization, more experimental facilities are being continuously added to satisfy various fields of study and diverse applications. The irradiation testing equipment for nuclear fuels and materials at HANARO can be classified into capsules and the Fuel Test Loop (FTL). Capsules for irradiation tests of nuclear fuels in HANARO have been developed for use under the dry conditions of the coolant and materials at HANARO and are now successfully utilized to perform irradiation tests. The FTL can be used to conduct irradiation testing of a nuclear fuel under the operating conditions of commercial nuclear power plants. During irradiation tests conducted using these capsules in HANARO, instruments such as the thermocouple, Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT), small heater, Fluence Monitor (F/M) and Self-Powered Neutron Detector (SPND) are used to measure various characteristics of the nuclear fuel and irradiated material. This paper describes not only the status of HANARO and the status and perspective of irradiation devices and instrumentation for carrying out nuclear fuel and material tests in HANARO but also some results from instrumentation during irradiation tests.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.240-252
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• 2006

A survey was implemented to suggest basic data for assuring the safety of cooked foods in foodbank operations. A questionnaire consisted of total 48 items including general characteristics, basic inputs and perceived importance/performance of sanitary management. One hundred twenty-eight responses among the 267 nationwide foodbanks were used for the statistical analysis. About forty-one percent of foodbanks was operated a period of 1-3 years and 43.0% of them were managed by social welfare organizations. The number of staff was only 0.5 person per operation with the whole responsibility and 1.0 with additional work, and thus most of the work was managed by volunteers. Job satisfaction was shown to be moderate and was affected by specialty and salary mostly. The facilities and equipment in foodbanks were not enough to operate and freezers/refrigerators were the top priority to supplement. Most of the respondents attended a nationwide level sanitary education program (79.7%); but complained not enough frequency of education (90%). The sanitary status of the donated foods was considered as satisfactory but some safety practices had to be improved, including personnel expenses and operating costs in the district level, a sanitary awareness of the donors and a general management of the facilities arid equipment. An assessment on sanitary management resulted in an overall average of 4.45 out of 5 points in importance and 3.85 in performance showing the high level of sanitation perception in foodbank managers. From the IPA analysis, the fields found to be improved were sanitation management during cooking and temperature control as well as cleanliness and sanitation of both transport vehicle and refrigerator/freezer. To secure the food safety in foodbanks, consequently, personnel support, supplement of facilities and equipment, intense sanitation education and development of sanitation management program is needed.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.383-390
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• 2010

Exposure to fugitive dust can contribute to several respiratory health problems, and proper sampling of fugitive dust is necessary to assess exposure. However, field sampling of soil dust encounters problems from spatial and temporal differences in soil properties, field operations, and meteorological conditions. To minimize these problems, we designed a dust generator that simulates dust generation from soil. The dust generator consisted of a rotating chamber where soil samples were loaded and tumbled, and a settling chamber, where airborne soil dust samples were collected. As standard operating conditions, we decided on 2 g soil mass, 10 min sampling time, and 20 rpm rotating speed, with a flow rate of 30 l/min, based on three common soil textures of loam, sandy loam and silt loam. To evaluate optimal operating conditions, we used mixtures of Joomoonjin silica sand and clay. Although the average $PM_{10}$ concentration of Joomoonjin silica sand was low, dust concentrations were increased by an increased content of clay. The dust concentrations were consistent across repeated experiments, and showed similar concentration profiles during the sampling time with mixtures of clay and sand (coefficient of variation was $13.6{\pm}w;7.1%$). The results demonstrated that these standard operating conditions were suitable for the dust generator, which can be used to investigate variations in soil properties that affect dust production and potential potency of fugitive dust exposure.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.55-67
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• 2023

Lightweight face recognition models, as one of the most popular and long-standing topics in the field of computer vision, has achieved vigorous development and has been widely used in many real-world applications due to fewer number of parameters, lower floating-point operations, and smaller model size. However, few surveys reviewed lightweight models and reimplemented these lightweight models by using the same calculating resource and training dataset. In this survey article, we present a comprehensive review about the recent research advances on the end-to-end efficient lightweight face recognition models and reimplement several of the most popular models. To start with, we introduce the overview of face recognition with lightweight models. Then, based on the construction of models, we categorize the lightweight models into: (1) artificially designing lightweight FR models, (2) pruned models to face recognition, (3) efficient automatic neural network architecture design based on neural architecture searching, (4) Knowledge distillation and (5) low-rank decomposition. As an example, we also introduce the SqueezeFaceNet and EfficientFaceNet by pruning SqueezeNet and EfficientNet. Additionally, we reimplement and present a detailed performance comparison of different lightweight models on the nine different test benchmarks. At last, the challenges and future works are provided. There are three main contributions in our survey: firstly, the categorized lightweight models can be conveniently identified so that we can explore new lightweight models for face recognition; secondly, the comprehensive performance comparisons are carried out so that ones can choose models when a state-of-the-art end-to-end face recognition system is deployed on mobile devices; thirdly, the challenges and future trends are stated to inspire our future works.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권12호
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• pp.721-730
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• 2020

This study investigates the impact of the country's governance on the revenue efficiency of 108 Islamic banks from 26 countries offering Islamic banking and finance products services. The technical efficiencies of individual Islamic banks have been analyzed using the Data Envelopment Analysis method. The data will be pooled across the selected countries and utilize the intermediation approach. The Ordinary Least Square estimation method is employed to examine the impact of country supervision and regulation on the technical efficiency of Islamic banks. As robustness check, the study examines the impact of the level of bank regulations and supervision on the efficiency of Islamic banks operating in different income-level countries. The results found that the stricter the supervisory power, the less strict capital requirement, the tighter the restrictions on non-banking activities, and the stricter the private monitoring enhance statistically significantly the level of efficiency of Islamic banks. In upgrading the regulations and supervision of the Islamic banks, the existing regulatory framework based on the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) must be complemented with the prescriptions on Islamic banking or Shariah compliance diligently, so that the Islamic banks could be regulated accurately and further improve the technical efficiency of their operations.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제74권1호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2020

For the large deformation of shear walls under vertical and horizontal loads, there are difficulties in obtaining accurate simulation results using the response analysis method, even with fine mesh elements. Furthermore, concrete material nonlinearity, stiffness degradation, concrete cracking and crushing, and steel bar damage may occur during the large deformation of reinforced concrete (RC) shear walls. Matrix operations that are involved in nonlinear analysis using the traditional finite-element method (FEM) may also result in flaws, and may thus lead to serious errors. To solve these problems, a planar four-node element was developed based on vector mechanics. Owing to particle-based formulation along the path element, the method does not require repeated constructions of a global stiffness matrix for the nonlinear behavior of the structure. The nonlinear concrete constitutive model and bilinear steel material model are integrated with the developed element, to ensure that large deformation and damage behavior can be addressed. For verification, simulation analyses were performed to obtain experimental results on an RC shear wall subjected to a monotonically increasing lateral load with a constant vertical load. To appropriately evaluate the parameters, investigations were conducted on the loading speed, meshing dimension, and the damping factor, because vector mechanics is based on the equation of motion. The static problem was then verified to obtain a stable solution by employing a balanced equation of motion. Using the parameters obtained, the simulated pushover response, including the bearing capacity, deformation ability, curvature development, and energy dissipation, were found to be in accordance with the experimental observation. This study demonstrated the potential of the developed planar element for simulating the entire process of large deformation and damage behavior in RC shear walls.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.329-335
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• 2016

무인 항공 시스템 (UAS)은 무인 항공기 운용에 필요한 장비, 네트워크 및 운용 인원을 포함하는 시스템을 통칭한다. 이러한 무인 항공 시스템은 과거 군사적인 목적으로 주로 이용되었으나, 최근 기술 발전에 힘입어 점차 민간용 시장으로 확대되고 있으며, 국가 공역내 통합되어 시장 규모가 급격히 성장할 것으로 예상된다. 따라서, 공역내 안정적인 통합을 위해 표준화된 무인기 제어 및 비임무용 (CNPC; control and non-payload communication) 통신시스템의 구축 필요성이 증대되고 있으며, 미국, 유럽을 비롯한 선진국에서는 높은 신뢰성을 제공 가능한 제어용 통신 기술 개발을 진행하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 무인 항공 시스템의 CNPC 데이터링크의 기술개발 동향을 기술하고, IEEE 802.15.4 ZigBee 시스템을 개량한 CNPC 시스템의 성능 분석 결과를 제시한다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:컴퓨팅의 실제 및 레터
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• 제5권6호
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• pp.758-770
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• 1999

최근 급속한 네트워크 기술의 발달로 이들에 대한 관리의 필요성이 제기되었고 이를 위해 SNMP와 CMIP등과 같은 표준이 등장하여 사용되어 왔다. 그러나 점점 더 다양하고 복잡한 네트워크가 형성되자 이들에 대한 효율적인 관리가 필요하게 되었다. 현재, TMN은 개념에 있어서 보편성 및 가장 일반화된 관리개념이며 최종적으로 도달할 네트워크 관리 개념을 포함하고 있다. CORBA는 분산환경에서 응용프로그램을 쉽게 구현할 수 있는 기반을 제공하고 있다. 따라서 이러한 두 가지 기술을 접목한 CORBA와 TMN을 통합하고자 하는 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 현재의 CORBA/TMN 통합에 대한 연구를 바탕으로 효율적인 네트워크 통합 관리 구조를 정의하고 TMN의 기능중 Alarm Surveillance를 구조에 맞춰 구현하였다. 구현된 Alarm Surveillance System은 다양한 대리자들로부터 보고되는 여러 형태의 Alarm 정보에 대해, 처리 및 운용자에 대한 보고수행 등을 일관성 있게 처리하고 있는 것을 보여주고 있다. 따라서 제시된 Alarm Surveillance System은 사용자에게 일관성 있는 관리행위를 제공함으로써 다양한 관리구조가 적용된 복잡한 네트워크 관리를 제공할 수 있다. 또한 전체 네트워크로부터 필요한 통계분석을 위한 자료 수집 등의 편의를 제공할 것이다.Abstract Recently, due to the rapid development of network technology, the need for the network management appeared. So two representative standardards, SNMP and CMIP, have been applied to many network management system. But the more complex and vaious network are constructed, the demand for more efficient network management technology grew bigger. Currently, TMN technology is beginning to be widely applied to the management of networks. CORBA has been widely adopted for developing distributed systems in many areas of information technology. CORBA provides the infrastructure for the interoperability of various object-oriented management applications in a distributed environment, and, recently there have been world-wide research for the integration of CORBA within a TMN framework. Many attempts have been made to enable network management using CORBA techonology and some are working on already. This paper defines the architecture for integrated network management based on current CORBA/TMN integration technologies and then presents the design and implementation for alarm surveillance system which was applied to the defined architecture. The prototype implementation was done using IONA orbix. The proposed integrated network management framework will provide users with consistent management operations and ability to manage complex and various networks and to gather statistical data from those networks.