• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.156-169
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• 2002

Objectives : This experimental study was performed to prove the effect of Ikryung-Tang (yiling-tang; IRT) and Ikryung-tangkamibang (yiling-tangjiaweifang; IRT I, IRT II) on rats with nephrosis induced by a single intravenous injection of puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN). Methods : The effects of IRT, IRT I and IRT II on PAN nephrosis were evaluated by measuring the gene expression of IL-4, $IFN-{\gamma}$ and the concentrations of IgE, albumin, total protein, cholesterol, triglyceride, creatinine, and BUN in the serum and the volume & amount of protein of the 24hrs' urine. Results : In the gene expression linked T cell specialization, IRT II inhibited IL-4 and IgE but IRT and IRT I showed no significant difference compared with control group. On the other hand, IRT, IRT I and IRT II increased $IFN-{\gamma}$ compared with the control group. In the urine protein, serum albumin, total protein, BUN, and creatinine, IRT I especially showed more. significant effect than other groups. In the serum cholesterol and triglyceride, IRT II especially showed more significant effect than other groups. In the urine volume during 24 hrs, IRT especially showed more significant effect than other groups. Conclusions : According to the above results, it is suggested that IRT is effective for the treatment of edema, IRT I is effective for the treatment of hypoproteinemia and kidney dysfunction, IRT II is effective for immune modulation and the treatment of cholesteremia. Therefore IRT, IRT I and IRT II seem to be available for treating nephrosis in clinical practice.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.525-531
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• 2004

In this paper, the concept of infrared thermography(IRT), the principle of measurement of IRT and how to set up the IR camera for the nondestructive testing are described in detail. Also, its utilization and non-destructive testing(NDT) diagnosis are reviewed. By performing the periodic non-touched WDT through the estimation of thermal patterns related with the temperature for the surface targeted, IRT can be applied to the early prevention of the device failure. For the diagnosis utilization, thermal imaging patterns obtained from IRT for heated blocks with internal defects were estimated through the lion-destructive method and discussed the way of IRT estimation from the analysis of characteristics between material defects and thermal imaging patterns.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.277-296
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• 2016

There is a need for rapid and objective assessment of concrete bridge decks for maintenance decision making. Infrared Thermography (IRT) has great potential to identify deck delaminations more objectively than routine visual inspections or chain drag tests. In addition, it is possible to collect reliable data rapidly with appropriate IRT cameras attached to vehicles and the data are analyzed effectively. This research compares three infrared cameras with different specifications at different times and speeds for data collection, and explores several factors affecting the utilization of IRT in regards to subsurface damage detection in concrete structures, specifically when the IRT is utilized for high-speed bridge deck inspection at normal driving speeds. These results show that IRT can detect up to 2.54 cm delamination from the concrete surface at any time period. It is observed that nighttime would be the most suitable time frame with less false detections and interferences from the sunlight and less adverse effect due to direct sunlight, making more "noise" for the IRT results. This study also revealed two important factors of camera specifications for high-speed inspection by IRT as shorter integration time and higher pixel resolution.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.335-336
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• 2005

The working group for an infrared telescope(IRT) toward East Asian Observatory has been set up in EAMA6. This report declares the membership of IRT working group, reviews briefly the activities of promoting the IRT, and puts forward the future plan.

• Analyses & Alternatives
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.3-24
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• 2021

This paper introduces a multilevel item-response-theory (IRT) model as a unifying model for hypothesis testing using legislative voting data. This paper shows that a probit or logit model is a special type of multilevel IRT model. In particular, it is demonstrated that, when a probit or logit model is applied to multiple votes, it makes unrealistic assumptions and produces incorrect coefficient estimates. The advantages of a multilevel IRT model over a probit or logit model are illustrated with a Monte Carlo experiment and an example from the U.S. House. Finally, this paper provides a practical guide to fitting this model to legislative voting data.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.203-208
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• 1989

This study was objected to figure out the soil microarthropod fauna in forests with different flora, and to elucidate how environmental factors affect the diversity of soil microarthropods. Relationships between the distribution density of soil microarthropods and environmental factors were correlated positively with organic matter and C/N ratio. By the calculation of the contribution coefficients, organic matter, amount of precipitation, C/N ratio, and soil moisture were found to be major environmental factors that affect the distribution of soil microarthropods.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.37 no.9
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• pp.1175-1182
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• 2013

The lock-in mode infrared thermography (IRT) technique has been developed to improve the detection capability of defects in materials with high thermal conductivity, and it has been shown to provide better detection capability than conventional active IRT. Therefore, to investigate the application of this technique to nuclear piping components, lock-in mode IRT tests were conducted on pipe specimens containing simulated wall-thinning defects. Phase images of the wall-thinning defects were obtained from the tests, and they were compared with thermal images obtained from conventional active IRT tests. It showed that the ability to size the detected wall-thinning defects in piping components was improved by using lock-in mode IRT. The improvement was especially apparent when detecting short and narrow defects and defects with slanted edges. However, the detection capability for shallow wall-thinning defects did not improve much when using lock-in mode IRT.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 2018

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to perform items analysis using the classical test theory (CTT) and the item response theory (IRT), and to establish the validity and reliability of the Korean version of pressure ulcer prevention knowledge. Methods: The 26-item pressure ulcer prevention knowledge instrument was translated into Korean, and the item analysis of the 22 items having an adequate content validity index (CVI), was conducted. A total of 240 registered nurses in 2 university hospitals completed the questionnaire. Each item was analyzed applying CTT and IRT according to 2-parameter logistic model. Response alternatives quality, item difficulty and item discrimination were evaluated. For testing validity and reliability, Pearson correlation coefficient and Kuder Richardson-20 (KR-20) were used. Results: Scale CVI was .90 (Item-CVI range= .75-1.00). The total correct answer rate for this study population was relatively low as 52.5%. The quality of response alternatives was found to be relatively good (range= .02-.83). The item difficulty of the questions ranged form .10 to .86 according to CTT and -12.19 to 29.92 according to the IRT. This instrument had 12-low, 2-medium and 8-high item difficulty applying IRT. The values for the item discrimination ranged .04-.57 applying CTT and .00-1.47 applying IRT. And overall internal consistency (KR-20) was .62 and stability (test-retest) was .82. Conclusion: The instrument had relatively weak construct validity, item discrimination according to the IRT. Therefore, the cautious usage of a Korean version of this instrument would be recommended for discrimination because there are so many attractive response alternatives and low internal consistency.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.99-107
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• 2021

Background: Pain and autonomic dysfunction are prominent symptoms in some patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Infrared thermography (IRT) has been used to evaluate CTS by measuring the cutaneous temperature and sympathetic vasomotor function. Methods: This study enrolled the 66 hands of 33 subjects, some of which had clinical CTS and the others were healthy. The enrolled patients completed the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ) and Historical-Objective scale, and underwent nerve conduction studies (NCSs) and IRT. Skin temperature was measured at the fingertips and the thenar and hypothenar regions in each hand. We analyzed (1) the correlations between self-reported severity, physician-assessed severity, and test results, and (2) the sensitivity and specificity of IRT in diagnosing CTS. Results: No significant correlation was observed between the results of the BCTQ, NCS, and IRT. IRT had a low sensitivity and high specificity in diagnosing CTS. Conclusions: IRT cannot replace NCS in diagnosing CTS, nor did it provide an advantage in combination with NCS. However, lower temperatures at the median nerve in some hands with moderate-to-severe CTS suggested the involvement of sympathetic nerve fiber function. Follow-up studies with a larger-scale and complementary design are required to elucidate the relationships.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.66 no.1
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• pp.31-56
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• 2024

Pig farming, a vital industry, necessitates proactive measures for early disease detection and crush symptom monitoring to ensure optimum pig health and safety. This review explores advanced thermal sensing technologies and computer vision-based thermal imaging techniques employed for pig disease and piglet crush symptom monitoring on pig farms. Infrared thermography (IRT) is a non-invasive and efficient technology for measuring pig body temperature, providing advantages such as non-destructive, long-distance, and high-sensitivity measurements. Unlike traditional methods, IRT offers a quick and labor-saving approach to acquiring physiological data impacted by environmental temperature, crucial for understanding pig body physiology and metabolism. IRT aids in early disease detection, respiratory health monitoring, and evaluating vaccination effectiveness. Challenges include body surface emissivity variations affecting measurement accuracy. Thermal imaging and deep learning algorithms are used for pig behavior recognition, with the dorsal plane effective for stress detection. Remote health monitoring through thermal imaging, deep learning, and wearable devices facilitates non-invasive assessment of pig health, minimizing medication use. Integration of advanced sensors, thermal imaging, and deep learning shows potential for disease detection and improvement in pig farming, but challenges and ethical considerations must be addressed for successful implementation. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art technologies used in the pig farming industry, including computer vision algorithms such as object detection, image segmentation, and deep learning techniques. It also discusses the benefits and limitations of IRT technology, providing an overview of the current research field. This study provides valuable insights for researchers and farmers regarding IRT application in pig production, highlighting notable approaches and the latest research findings in this field.