• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 2002

This experiment was carried out to study formation of fruitbody with Cordyceps scarabaeicola (EFCC C-252) isolate. This isolate was the one of best fruitbody formation on brown rice 60 g plus 30 g silkworm pupa media among EFCC C-251, EFCC C-252, EFCC C-1092 from EFCC (Entomopathogenic Fungal Culture Collection) of Kangwon National University. Fruiting body was formed only isolate EFCC C-252 among tested isolates on the medium of brown rice (60 g) and silkworm pupae (30 g). The optimal temperature and light for fruiting body formation were $25^{\circ}C$ and fluorescent light (300 lux). The maximal fruiting body formation was observed at 70 g of brown rice and 80 g of silkworm pupa medium which was treated separately. Fruiting body was formed maximally by 2 days interval of irrigation.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.800-803
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• 2002

A two year old male child complained of foreign body sensations bilaterally, and an itching sensation at both upper and lower eyelids for 2 months of duration. He was diagnosed with Phthiriasis palpebrarum after observation of adult louse and nits on slit-lamp examination. The treatment was accomplished by mechanical removal of the lices and nits by forceps and scissors, and then irrigation with 20% fluorescein was done under general anesthesia. Antibiotic eyedrops and ointment were applied to both eyes. The morphologic evaluation was performed with light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The follow-up interval was every weeks for one month and no louse or nit was found under slit-lamp examination. So we concluded that the Phthiriasis palpebrarum was eradiated completely. We report a case of Phthriasis palpebrarum had been review of the literatures.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.203-212
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• 2001

During the growing season from June to August, 2000, the soil NO and $N_2$O fluxes were measured to elucidate characteristics of soil nitrogen emissions from different types of intensively managed agricultural soils at outskirts of Kunsan City, located in the western inland of Korea, Flux measurements were made using a closed chamber technique at two different agricultural fields; one was made from upland field, and the other from rice paddy field. The flux data from upland field were collected for both the green onion and soybean field. Concentrations of NO and $N_2$O inside a flux chamber ar 15 minute sampling interval were measured to determine their soil emissions. Either polyethylene syringes of teflon air bags were used for gas samples of $N_2$O and NO. The analysis of NO and $N_2$O was made using a chemiluminesence NO analyzer and GC-ECD, respectively no later than few hours after sample collection at laboratory. The gas fluxes were varied more than one standard deviation around their means. Relatively high soil gas emissions occurred in the aftermoon for both NO and $N_2$O. A sub-peak for $N_2$O emission was observed in the morning period, but not in the case of NO. NO emissions from rice paddy field were much less than those from upland site. It seems that water layer over the rice paddy field prevents gases from escaping from the soil surface covered with were during the irrigation and acts as a sink of these gases. The NO fluxes resulted from these field experiments were compared to those from grass soil and they were found to be much higher. Diurnal and daily variations of NO and $N_2$O emission were discussed and correlated with the effects of nitrogen fertilizer application on the increase of the level of soil nitrogen availability.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.348-353
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• 1999

Ten Australian Stock Horses colts (five yearling and five 3-year old colts) of which 2 yearlings and 2 three year old colts served as control animals while 3 yearlings and 3 three year old colts received two GnRH immunizations within 4 weeks interval were used in this study. By the 5th to 6th week after immunization, the GnRH antibody titres in the plasma rose above 1:1000 and attained peak levels of 1:6500 by the 8th week and gradually declined to about 1:3000 by the 10th week in both the age groups. The testosterone and androstenedione concentrations of the control colts in both age groups were significantly greater (p<0.05) than that of the vaccinated groups. During the immunosuppression period, the vaccinated colts behaved like geldings. Semen could not be collected from 2 of the 3 three-year old vaccinated colts. The testicular dimensions, testicular weight, parenchymal weight, seminiferous tubule volumes, interstitial space volumes, Leydig cell volume, seminiferous tubule % of the control colts were significantly greater than those of the vaccinated colts in both the age groups. The 3-year old control colts had a significantly (p<0.05) greater % of Leydig cells than the control and vaccinated 1-year old colts. There was arrest of spermatogenesis with complete absence of sperm in the testes of the vaccinated colts while there was various stages of spermatogenesis in those of the control colts. Morphometric analysis demonstrated that the 3-year old colts had significantly (p<0.05) greater DSP/gm of testis and DSP/testis than those of the 1-year old control colts. This study elucidated that the GnRH immunization could suppress the testicular function of the 3-year old and yearling colts.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.199-208
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• 2018

Quercus floribunda (Tilonj oak) is among the five species of Quercus and an evergreen tree found in Kumaun Himalayan region. Timing of germination is a crucial event determining the success of seedling establishment and survival. The aims of the study were to investigate the effect of sowing date on the germination and morphological responses of Tilonj oak (Quercus floribunda), cultivated during the month of August-September, with supplementary irrigation. The experiment was conducted by sowing seeds at two dates with one month interval in glass house conditions at DSB Campus, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India. Present study revealed that higher germination percentage (46.67 %) was recorded at sowing time $S_2$ as compared to the sowing time $S_1$ (32.86 %). Germination percentage as well as seedling growth were affected by sowing date though the differences were insignificant. At both the sowing dates, highest germination percentage was recorded for large seeds (32.86-46.67 %) followed by medium (31.43-33.33 %) and lowest germination (6.67-7.14 %) was recorded for small size seeds. In all parameters assessed, sowing time $S_2$ had the best performance in combination with large seed size. Thus, September is suitable month for best germination, growth and seedling vigour and large seed size is recommended to silviculturists and tree planters. The information on seed germination and seedling growth is vital both for conservation and rehabilitation of degraded lands.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.64-70
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• 2009

Descending necrotizing mediastinitis(DNM) can occur as a complication of oropharyngeal and cervical infections that spread to the mediastinum via the cervical spaces. Delayed diagnosis and inadequate mediastinal drainage through a cervical or minor thoracic approach are the primary causes of a high mortality rate. Therefore, We emphasize that aggressive and emergent mediastinal drainage by surgical approach is most important method of DNM treatment. We studied 5cases diagnosed as DNM from 2005 through 2007. All patients underwent emergent surgical drainage of deep neck infection combined with mediastinal drainage through a thoracic approach. Primary oropharyngeal infection lead to DNM in four cases(80%) and odontogenic abscess in one case(20%). The outcomes were favorable 5patients. Overall mortality rate was 0%. The time interval from diagnosis based on manifestation of initial symptoms(oral or pharyngolaryngeal area) to surgical intervention was $7.4{\pm}4.2$days. One patient required reoperation due to remnant mediastinal abscess and pericardial effusion. Early diagnosis and emergent combined drainage with neck and chest incisions, together with broad spectrum intravenous antibiotics, should be considered standard care for this disease. And intensive postoperative care which it is continuous mediastinal irrigation and antibiotics use can significantly reduce the mortality rate.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.106-124
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• 1984

Monthly streanflow of watersheds is one of the most important elements for the planning, design, and management of water resources development projects, e.g., determination of storage requirement of reservoirs and control of release-water in lowflow rivers. Modeling of longterm runoff is theoretically based on water-balance analysis for a certain time interval. The effect of the casual factors of rainfall, evaporation, and soil-moisture storage on streamflow might be explained by multiple regression analysis. Using the basic concepts of water-balance and regression analysis, it was possible to develop a generalized model called the Regionalized Regression Model for Monthly Streamflow in Korean Watersheds. Based on model verification, it is felt that the model can be reliably applied to any proposed station in Korean watersheds to estimate monthly streamflow for the planning, design, and management of water resources development projects, especially those involving irrigation. Modeling processes and properties are summarized as follows; 1. From a simplified equation of water-balance on a watershed a regression model for monthly streamflow using the variables of rainfall, pan evaporation, and previous-month streamflow was formulated. 2. The hydrologic response of a watershed was represented lumpedly, qualitatively, and deductively using the regression coefficients of the water-balance regression model. 3. Regionalization was carried out to classify 33 watersheds on the basis of similarity through cluster analysis and resulted in 4 regional groups. 4. Prediction equations for the regional coefficients were derived from the stepwise regression analysis of watershed characteristics. It was also possible to explain geographic influences on streamflow through those prediction equations. 5. A model requiring the simple input of the data for rainfall, pan evaporation, and geographic factors was developed to estimate monthly streamflow at ungaged stations. The results of evaluating the performance of the model generally satisfactory.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.61 no.6
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• pp.73-79
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• 2019

Continuous and tremendous data (canopy temperature and meteorological variables) are necessary to determine Crop Water Stress Index (CWSI). This study investigated the optimal monitoring time and interval of canopy temperature and meteorological variables (air temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation and wind speed) to determine CWSIs. The Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient (NSE) was used to quantitatively describe the accuracy of sampling method depending upon various time intervals (t=5, 10, 15, 20, 30 and 60 minutes) and CWSIs per every minute were used as a reference. The NSE coefficient of wind speed was 0.516 at the sampling time of 60 minutes, while the ones of other meteorological variables and canopy temperature were greater than 0.8. The pattern of daily CWSIs increased from 8:00 am, reached the maximum value at 12:00 pm, then decreased after 2:00 pm. The statistical analysis showed that the data collection at 11:40 am produced the closest CWSI value to the daily average of CWSI, which indicates that just one time of measurement could be representative throughout the day. Overall, the findings of this study contributes to the economical and convenient method of quantifying CWSIs and irrigation management.

• Hip & pelvis
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.217-227
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• 2023

Purpose: Periprosthetic femoral fracture (PFF) is a common complication after total hip arthroplasty, and open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) is a common surgical treatment. We conducted a meta-analysis to compare the outcomes of ORIF in patients with different fracture patterns (Vancouver B1 and B2). Materials and Methods: We conducted a systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and KoreaMed from inception to August 2022. We conducted a pair-wise meta-analysis (with a fixed-effects model) on the 10 comparative studies and a proportional meta-analysis on the data from the 39 articles to determine a consensus. The outcomes were the incidence of reoperations that included osteosynthesis, irrigation/debridement and revision arthroplasty. Results: The pair-wise meta-analysis showed similar outcomes between two groups; the risk of reoperation (odds ratio [OR]=0.82, confidence interval [CI] 0.43-1.55, P=0.542), nonunion (OR=0.49; CI 0.22-1.10, P=0.085) and deep infection (OR=1.89, CI 0.48-7.46, P=0.361). In proportion meta-analysis, pooled prevalence of reoperation was 9% (95% CI, 6-12) in B1 and 8% (95% CI, 2-15) in B2 (heterogeneity between two groups (Q), P=0.772). The pooled prevalence of nonunion was same as of 4% in B1 and B2 (Q, P=0.678), and deep infection was 2% (95% CI, 1-3) in B1 and 4% (95% CI, 2-7) in B2 (Q, P=0.130). Conclusion: ORIF is a feasible treatment for B1 and B2 periprosthetic femoral fractures, with acceptable outcomes in terms of, nonunion and infection. The results of this study would help clinicians and provide baseline data for further studies validating PFF.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.154-162
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of tile drain on Physicochemical properties and crop productivity of soils under plastic film house for three years (1999 - 2001). Tiles (${\Phi}100mm$ PVC pipe) were established at 50-60 cm depth with 1 m, 2 m, and 3 m intervals in Gangseo silt loam soil under 2W-type plastic film house. Cropping system was a pumpkin-pumpkin in the first year, a cucumber-spinach-crown daisy-spinach-young radish in the second year, and a green red pepper-tomato-spinach in last year, with conventional fertilization and drip or furrow irrigation by groundwater pumping. Bulk density and soil hardness of plot with tile drain were lower than those of control (plot without tile drain). Soil water content was also lower in tile drain plot than in control regardless of soil depth, and decreased at narrower interval and longer distance from tile in the same plot, thus suggesting that water flow and density of tile drain plot was higher than those of control. Rhizosphere of spinach, a final crop of third year, was expanded more than 2 cm due probably to improvement of soil physical properties caused by tiles establishment. Electrical conductivity (EC) of topsoil decreased from $1.22dS\;m^{-1}$ to $0.82dS\;m^{-1}$ by tile drain system, and the extent of EC decrease was different with season: higher in spring and lower in summer and autumn. The $NO_{3^-}-N$ concentration in topsoil decreased, from $200mg\;kg^{-1}$ to $39mg\;kg^{-1}$. The effect of tile drain on crop yield varied with crops. Average crop productivity obtained in tile drain plot than that of control crop: 18.2% in 2 m interval, 14.2% in 3 m interval, but lower 0.2% in 1 m interval.