• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.390-399
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• 1997

This experiment was conducted to introduce PAT (phosphinothricin acetyltransferase, non-selective herbicide bialaphos resistant gene) gene into potato (Solanum tuberosum. cv. Desiree). Optimal shoot regeneration from leaf discs and stem segments was obtained in MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/L IBA and 0.5 mg/L BA, and the frequency of shoot regeneration was 54% in left discs and 46% in stem segments. In this condition, leaf discs and stem segments of potato were co-cultivated with A. tumefaciens MP90 which contained binary vector with GUS: :NPTII gene and PAT gene. Transgenic shoots were regenerated from leaf and stem-derived calli on selection medium with 100mg/L kanamycin. The 100${\mu}M$ acetosyringone treatment during the co-cultivation highly enhanced(4 times than the control) the shoot regeneration on selection medium. When the putative transgenic plants were transferred to medium with 10mg/L basta, all of them were survived. After PCR. GUS test, and Southern blot analysis of the survived plant, we confirmed that the gene was stably integrated into the potato genome and expressed. After the transgenic plants were transplanted in soil, and the transgenic plants were sprayed with the herbicide basta (300ml/10a), the transgenic plants remained green but control plants were died.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.408-415
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• 1993

Studies on seasonal prevalence and geographical distribution of chigger mites were carried out during the period of August 1990-December 1991, and the results are summarized as follows. From total 325 field rodents collected during the study period, 15,679 chiggers were obtained and 12 species of 4 genera were identified. Leptotrombidium pallidum, a vector species of tsutsugamushi disease in Korea was the predominant species and distributed throughout the country except southern part of Korea, whereas L. scutellare, known also as a vector species was distributed mainly in southern part of Korea. The distribution of chigger mites was strongly localized by species, showing different predominant species at each locality during the same season. The predominant species were L. pallidum(92.3%) at Dorai-5ri, Wondang-ub, Neotrombicula kwangneungensis (44.7%) at Sanjung-ri, Pochun-gun, N. tamiyai (55.1%) at Changgok-ri, Paju-gun, L. orientale (55.2%) at Jangsin-ri, Iksan-gun, and L. scutellare (47.6%) at Sinyong-dong, Iri-si. Study on seasonal prevalence of L. pallidum chiggers resulted that they started appearing in September, showed the peak in November, almost disappeared during the period of December-March, reappeared in April-May showing a small peak, and again almost disappeared until September. L. scutellare showed the peak in October, sharply decreased thereafter, and disappeared during the period of January-September.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.5_6
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• pp.47-54
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• 1968

In order to develop an effective control measure for the rice stripe disease, methods of testing for resistance and selection of resistant varieties among the leading varieties were investigated. For use as a parent in breeding for resistant variety to the disease, total of 410 rice varieties were tested. 1. Disease occurrence was higher at group inoculation than that of individual inoculation in comparing the inoculation methods. 2. In both methods, Lacrose responded susceptible; Zenith and St. No. 1 resistant, and the rest moderate. 3. Suseptible symptom type A was prevalant among the susceptible varieties, while resistant symptom type C was abundant among the resistant varieties, There was no difference between the inoculation methods. 4. 410 rice varieties tested could he divided into 3 groups as susceptible (21 varieties), moderate (377 varieties) and resistant (12 varieties). Resistant varieties wers St. No. 1 and 2, Shin-2, Gulfrose Bonnet, Arkrose, Sun Bonnet, Zenith, Yeechunchilichal, Norm-24, Opaikjoke, Yangchubatchal and Nonglimana-1, Nams-97,-149, -159, -216. -265, Iri-243, -265, Kanchuk -5, -7, -8, -10, -41, -43, -47, -50, Suwon-56, -77, Norin-22, Cod-4. Lacrose and Chukna were susceptible. 5. There was slight differance in the disease occurrence in regard to maturing period. However late varieties seem to be more resistant than early or medium varieties. The medium varieties seem to be susceptible. Most of the introduced varieties from foreign countries and the upland cultivated varieties were resistant. 6 Among the leading varieties, Shin-2 in Kangwon-Do was resistant, Kosi in Choongchung-Do, was susceptible, aad the others were moderate.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.21 no.4 s.53
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• pp.200-206
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• 1982

A computer simulation model was constructed to explore the phonology of the Striped Rice Borer, Chilo suppressalis (Walker), in Korea. The phenological system model based on the concept of distributed time delay was written in the computer program 'INSECT' and simulated with the estimated parameters of the effective day-degrees (DEL) and the order of time delay (K) for determining the validity of the system model. The accumulated emergence curves obtained from the phenological model were slightly different from the observed light trap data at the early and late stage of the moth emergence in 1978. The differences between observed and simulated $50\%$ emergence date were five to six days in the locations of Suweon and Chuncheon, while it was only two to three days in Iri, Daegu, Boseong, and Milyang. The phenological model should be further improved for simulation of field population changes by adding the information of the time delay process in each developmental stage, the age distribution of overwintered population, and the limiting factors of the borer mortality.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.1288-1294
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• 1997

For screening antimutagenic effects, the effects of 95 medicinal plants on the mutagenicity of aflatoxin $B_1$ $(AFB_1)$ and benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P] were investigated using the SOS chromotest with Escherichia coli PQ37. The mutagenicity induced by $AFB_1$ or B(a)P was reduced over 26% by 2 kinds and 8 kinds of medicinal plant, respectively. Eight plants (Bupleurum falcatum, Corydalis ternata, Gasfrodia elata, Ostericum koreanum, Pinellia ternatia, Poncirus trifoliata, Prunus armeniaca and Rehmannia glutinosa) were also shown to have inhibitory effects on both $AFB_1$ and B(a)P. The mutagenicity induced by $AFB_1$ or B(a)P was increased over 20% by 46 kinds and 2 kinds, respectively, and 8 medicinal plants (Chrysanthemum indicum, Cinnamomum cassia, Cyperus rotundus, Morus bombycis, Patrinia scabiosaefolia, Petasites japonicus, Polygonum multiflorium, Thyja orientalis) increased significantly the mutagenicity of both mutagens. However the 8 plants themself did not show the mutagenicity in SOS Chromotest with S-9 mix alone. This result suggests that the above 8 plants may have the co-mutagenic activities. In two bacterial mutation system, SOS Chromotest and Ames test, the mutagenic or antimutagenic activities of some medicinal plants wire similar except Ostricum koreanum, Eugenia caryophyllata and Scutellaria baicalensis.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.125-136
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• 1981

This experiment was conducted to study the influence of different cultivation periods on some morphological and agronomic characteristics of rice plant at Iri, the Honam plain, in 1979. Early maturing varieties showed little delay in heading with late transplanting, but intermediate and late maturing varieties showed more than 7 day delay in heading. The number of days required to reach heading was over 55 and 67 days after transplanting in early and intermediate-late maturing varieties, respectively. There was significantly postitive correlation between the length of vegetative stage and the grain yield. The mean temperature during ripening period was significantly correlated with the grain yield and the percentage of filled grains. The length, width, and thickness of leaf increased with earlier transplanting and the elongation degree between upper and lower leaves showed the same tendency. The productivity of dry matter and the translocation rate of photosynthate to spikelet decreased with late transplanting mainly due to low temperature. LAI was also influenced by transplanting date showing close correlation with yield. Early transplanting was desirable for assimilation and dry matter accumulation.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.37-47
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• 2010

This research is aimed at comprehensively evaluating the condition of a road surface of a highway in satisfaction of its users. This research conducted an overall evaluation of a road surface condition by adding qualitative data, or a driver's satisfaction to the existing quantitative elements, whereas the existing research put its focus on a correlation analysis with quantitative factors and qualitative factors through a statistical method. As for an evaluation method, this research conducted an overall evaluation by using Grey System Theory which makes possible an integrated evaluation. The analyzed results make it possible to diagnose the current conditions of each section of object roads and to predict the potentially changeable conditions for the time to come. In addition, these analyzed results could hopefully be applied to the maintenance of freeways through diverse methods. It is hoped that the evaluation of a road surface condition of a highway in satisfaction of its user could be helpful to keeping up the satisfaction of a driver and passenger on the highway by more than a certain level. In addition, the analyzed data on the influence of data value observed by comprehensively evaluating a variety of elements could be used as a secondary means of the decision-making process in relation to road maintenance. On top of that, it could be used as a means of improving road maintenance system and offering the improved driving environment of the highway.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 2014

PURPOSES : The purpose of this article is to investigate the predicted life of jointed concrete pavement (JCP) with two variables effecting on axle load spectra (ALS). The first variable is different data acquisition methods whether using high-speed weigh-in-motion (HS-WIM) or not and the other one is spectra distribution due to overweight enforcement on main-lane of expressway using HS-WIM. METHODS : Three sets of ALS had been collected i) ALS provided by Korea Pavement Research Program (KPRP), which had been obtained without using HS-WIM ii) ALS collected by HS-WIM before the enforcement at Kimcheon and Seonsan site iii) ALS collected after the enforcement at the same sites. And all ALS had been classified into twelve vehicle classes and four axle types to compare each other. Among the vehicle classes, class 6, 7, 10 and 12 were selected as the major target for comparing each ALS because these were considered as the primary trucks with a high rate of overweight loading. In order to analyze the performance of JCP based on pavement life, fatigue crack and International Roughness Index (IRI) were predicted using road pavement design program developed by KPRP and each ALS with same annual average daily traffic (AADT) was applied to design slab thickness. RESULTS : Comparison ALS of KPRP with those of HS-WIM shows that the ALS of KPRP has a low percentage of heavy spectra such as 6~9 tonnes for single axle, 18~21 tonnes for tandem axle and 27~30 tonnes for tridem axle than other two ALS of HS-WIM in most vehicle classes and axle types. It means that ALS of KPRP was underestimated. And after the enforcement, percentage of heavy spectra close to 10 tonnes per an axle are lowered than before the enforcement by the effect of overweight enforcement because the spectra are related to overweight regulation. Prediction results of pavement life for each ALS present that the ALS of HS-WIM collected before the enforcement makes the pavement life short more than others. On the other hand, the ALS of KPRP causes the longest life under same thickness of slab. Thus, it is possible that actual performance life of JCP under the traffic like ALS of HS-WIM could be short than predicted life if the pavement was designed based on ALS provided by KPRP. CONCLUSIONS : It is necessary to choose more reliable and practical ALS when designing JCP because ALS can be fairly affected by acquisition methods. In addition, it is important to extend performance life of the pavement in service by controlling traffic load such as overweight enforcement.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.62-70
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• 1993

There was intraspecific variation in Echinochloa crus-galli var, crus-galli in response to quinclorac, showing that plan height and dry weight of a locally collected barnyardgrass(Chinjupi) from Chinju were 90.5 and 37.8% of the untreated control, while those of a locally collected one(Iripi) from Iri showed 19.1 and 14.4%, respectively. The normal distribution curve was obtained from frequency distribution of 89 rice cultivars as affected by the application rates of quinclorac at 30, 300, and 3,000g ai/ha. Protein patterns(SDS-PAGE) of two barnyardgrasses belonging to E, crus-galli var. crus-galli such as Iripi and Chinjupi were not affected by the quinclorac application, indicating that inhibition of enzyme and/or protein biosynthesis seems to be not the primary action target of quinclorac. Electronmicroscopic observation on the injured leaf of Iripi which is considered as a susceptible one showed prominent membrane disruption. Chuchungbyeo(rice variety) resulted in a greater inhibition of tomato growth than those from Chinjupi or Iripi, indicating a great amount of quinclorac discharged from rice root, Chinjupi which is relatively tolerant to quinclorac than Iripi, discharged more quinclorac causing a greater inhibition of tomato growth.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.454-462
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• 2018

This study examines the influence of pre-service early childhood teacher's empathy and interpersonal competence on teacher efficacy. The subjects of this study include 358 pre-service early childhood teachers. The instruments used in this study were the emotional empathy scale, interpersonal competence questionnaire (ICQ) and the teacher efficacy scale. Collected data was analyzed using the SPSS program. In order to determine the general background of the pre-service teachers, the frequency and percentages were used. For examination of empathetic ability, interpersonal competence and teacher efficacy of pre-service early childhood teachers, a descriptive statistics analysis was conducted. In addition, in order to assess the relationship among empathetic ability, interpersonal competence and teacher efficacy of pre-service early childhood teachers, Pearson's correlation analysis was conducted. Lastly, for the examination of the effects and relative explanation of empathetic ability, interpersonal competence and teacher efficacy of pre-service early childhood teachers, multiple regression analysis was conducted. The results of this study were as follows: first, pre-service early childhood teachers were shown to have higher empathetic ability, interpersonal relationships and teacher efficacy rates than average. Second, there was a positive correlation among empathetic ability, interpersonal competence and teacher efficacy of pre-service early childhood teachers. Third, teacher efficacy of pre-service early childhood teachers was influenced by their empathetic ability and interpersonal competence. The results of this study suggest that teacher efficacy improvement programs for pre-service early childhood teachers should consider their empathetic ability. Also, study results emphasize the necessity of empathetic ability and interpersonal relationship improvement program for pre-service early childhood teachers.