• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.333-338
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• 2012

IQ motif-containing GTPase-activating proteins (IQGAPs), which are well-known $Ca^{2+}$-independent calmodulin (CaM) binding proteins, are involved in various cellular functions such as cell proliferation, carcinogenesis and cell migration. The IQGAP3 similar to IQGAP1 has four repeated IQ motifs, which are crucial for CaM binding. It has been recently shown that all four IQ motifs of the IQGAP1 could bind to CaM, while not clear the binding of four IQ motifs of the IQGAP3. In this study, we examined the binding between CaM and each IQ motif of IQGAP3. As a result, we found that IQ2 and IQ3, but not IQ1 and IQ4, have a $Ca^{2+}$-independent CaM binding activity. We also found that IQ(3.5-4.4) on the IQGAP3 has $Ca^{2+}$-dependent CaM binding activity as similar with that of IQGAP1. This finding indicates that IQ motifs of the IQGAP3 plays a dynamic role via different interaction of IQ motifs with $Ca^{2+}$/CaM or apoCaM.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.527-532
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• 2011

IQ motif-containing GTPase-activating protein 1 (IQGAP1), which is a well-known $Ca^{2+}$-independent calmodulin (CaM) binding protein, is involved in various cellular functions such as cell proliferation and cell migration. IQGAP1 has four repeated IQ motifs, which are crucial for CaM binding. It has been shown that all four IQ motifs of IQGAP1 can bind to $Ca^{2+}$/CaM, while the third and fourth IQ motifs of IQGAP1 can bind to apoCaM. However, it has not been clear whether the CaM binding of IQ motifs of IQGAP1 was mediated directly or indirectly. In this study, we examined whether the binding between CaM and each IQ motif of IQGAP1 was direct in vitro. As a result, we found that IQ1 motif has a weak $Ca^{2+}$-dependent CaM binding. In contrast, IQ3 has a $Ca^{2+}$-dependent CaM binding. All other motifs have no significant CaM binding. We also found that IQ(2.7-3) and IQ(3.5-4.4) have CaM binding capacity. This finding indicates that IQ motifs of IQGAP1 plays a dynamic role via different motif interactions with $Ca^{2+}$/CaM or proCaM.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.4951-4956
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• 2014

Purpose: To investigate IQGAP1 and IQGAP2 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and itsassociation with HCC clinicopathological characteristics and survival outcomes. Methods: IQGAP1 and IQGAP2 mRNA and protein were measured in HCC tissues, para-tumor tissues and normal tissues by RT-PCR and Western blotting. We further examined 150 HCC samples with adjacent para-tumor tissues and 11 normal specimens by immunohistochemistry to evaluate the correlation of IQGAP1 and IQGAP2 with clinicopathological features and prognosis. Results: IQGAP1 mRNA and protein were up-regulated while IQGAP2 mRNA and protein were down-regulated in human HCC tissues compared with para-tumor and normal liver tissues (p<0.05). IQGAP1 expression was higher in primary HCC (122/150, 81.3%) than matched adjacent tissues (30/150, 20%, p<0.001), whereas IQGAP2 was lower (31/150, 20.7% as compared to 112/150, 74.7%, P<0.001). Positive IQGAP1 expression correlated with larger tumor size (p=0.002), advanced TNM stage (p=0.002) and tumor differentiation (III and IV, p=0.034). Negative IQGAP2 expression was significantly associated with larger tumor size (p=0.009), multicentric tumor occurrence (p=0.01), advanced TNM stage (0.009) and tumor differentiation (III and IV, p=0.020). Survival analysis revealed that patients with either IQGAP1+ or IQGAP2-tumors had significantly reduced disease-free survival (p<0.001 and 0.006 respectively) and overall survival (p<0.001 for both). Multivariate analysis showed that IQGAP1/2 switch was an independent prognosis factor for disease-free survival (HR=2.824) and overall survival (HR=2.189). Conclusion: Positive IQGAP1 and negative IQGAP2 expression were closely correlated with tumor progression and could be used as adjunctive biomarkers to improve prognostication for HCC patients.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.361-373
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• 2020

Integrins such as lymphocyte function-associated antigen -1 (LFA-1) have an essential role in T cell immunity. Integrin activation, namely, the transition from the inactive conformation to the active one, takes place when an intracellular signal is generated by specific receptors such as T cell receptors (TCRs) and chemokine receptors in T cells. In an effort to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the TCR-mediated LFA-1 activation, we had previously established a high-throughput cell-based assay and screened a chemical library deposited in the National Institute of Health in the United States. As a result, several hits had been isolated including HIKS-1 (Benzo[b]thiophene-3-carboxylic acid, 2-[3-[(2-carboxyphenyl) thio]-2,5-dioxo-1-pyrrolinyl]-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-,3-ethyl ester). In an attempt to reveal the mode of action of HIKS-1, in this study, we did drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) assay finding that HIKS-1 interacted with the IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 1 (IQGAP1), a 189 kDa multidomain scaffold protein critically involved in various signaling mechanisms. Furthermore, the cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) provided compelling evidence that HIKS-1 also interacted with IQGAP1 in vivo. Taken together, it can be concluded that HIKS-1 interferes with the TCR-mediated LFA-1 activation by interacting with IQGAP1 and thereby disrupting the signaling pathway for LFA-1 activation.