• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.225-230
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• 2004

A plasminogen kringle domain 1 to 3, rKl-3, was expressed in Escherichia coli under the control of T7 promoter. For the cost-effective production of rKl-3, the induction process was analyzed and optimized. Induction characteristics with lactose were analyzed in terms of induction time and inducer concentration in various culture conditions including batch and high-cell-density fed-batch cultures. In the fed-batch culture, the induction around 6 h after initiation of the DO-stat fed-batch culture resulted in the highest expression level of rKI-3 among the induction points examined. The highest demand of oxygen at this point was crucial for the maximum expression level of rKI-3. As the lactose concentration increased, the expression level also increased, though the expression level showed a plateau above a concentration of 14 mM of lactose. Lactose acted less specifically than IPTG since most of it was hydrolyzed to glucose and galactose. However, using lactose, the cell growth and the maximum expression level of rKl-3 increased by 20% and 24%, respectively, compared with those using IPTG in the fed-batch culture. The lactose seemed to be hydrolyzed by intracellular and extracellular $\beta$-galactosidase liberated by cell lysis at the same time. Residual concentration of glucose was maintained to a a limit of detection by high performance liquid chromatography, and galactose was not consumed by the host strain Escherichia coli BL2l(DE3).

• 한국미생물생명공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국미생물생명공학회 2001년도 Proceedings of 2001 International Symposium
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• pp.141-145
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• 2001

Isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) is the common, five-carbon building block in the biosynthesis of all carotenoids. IPP in Escherichia coli is synthesized through the non-mevalonate pathway. The first reaction of IPP biosynthesis in E. coli is the formation of l-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate (DXP), catalyzed by DXP synthase and encoded by dxs. The second reaction in the pathway is the reduction of DXP to 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate, catalyzed by DXP reductoisomerase and encoded by dxr. To determine if one or more of the reactions in the non-mevalonate pathway controlled flux to IPP, dxs and dxr were placed on several expression vectors under the control of three different promoters and transformed into three E. coli strains (DH5$\alpha$, XL1-Blue, and JMl0l) that had been engineered to produce lycopene. Lycopene production was improved significantly in strains transformed with the dxs expression vectors. When the dxs gene was expressed from the arabinose-inducible araBAD promoter ( $P_{BAD}$) on a medium-copy plasmid, lycopene production was 2-fold higher than when dxs was expressed from the IPTG-inducible trc and lac promoters ( $P_{trc}$ and $P_{lac}$, respectively) on medium-copy and high-copy plasmids. Given the low final densities of cells expressing dxs from IPTG-inducible promoters, the low lycopene production was probably due to the metabolic burden of plasmid maintenance and an excessive drain of central metabolic intermediates. At arabinose concentrations between 0 and 1.33 roM, cells expressing both dxs and dxr from $P_{BAD}$ on a medium-copy plasmid produced 1.4 - 2.0 times more lycopene than cells expressing dxs only. However, at higher arabinose concentrations lycopene . production in cells expressing both dxs and dxr was lower than in cells expressing dxs only. A comparison of the three E. coli strains transformed with the arabinose-inducible dxs on a medium-copy plasmid revealed that lycopene production was highest in XLI-Blue.LI-Blue.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.315-319
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• 2004

사람의 serine palmitoyltransferase(SPT, EC 2.3.1.50)에 대한 항체를 제작하기 위하여 E. coli발현 vector인 pRset vector에 SPTLC1 및 SPTLC2 유전자를 subcloning하고 BL21 (DE3)pLys cell에 발현시켰다. 포유동물의 SPT는 원핵세포의 SPT homodimer와는 달리 SPTLC1 및 SPTLC2 2개의 sub-unit로 된 heterodimer이다. Human embryo kidney cell인 HEK293 cell의 total RNA로부터 RT-PCR을 행하여 cDNA library를 얻은 다음 SPTLC1 및 SPTLC2의 특이적인 primer 들을 이용하여 PCR을 행하였다. SPTLC1 및 SPTLC2 DNA를 hexahistidine fusion 단백질을 발현시킬 수 있는 pRset vector에 cloning하여 pRsetB/SPTLC1 및 pRsetA/SPTLC2를 얻고 염기서열을 확인하였다. 재조합 plasmid를 발현세포인 BL21 cell에 형질전환시킨 다음 ampicillin 및 chroramphenicol 배지에서 선별하여 재조합세포를 얻었다. 1 mM IPTG로서 발현을 유도하였으며 세포 단백질을 SDS-PAGE로 분리한 다음 His-tag antibody로 western blotting을 행하여 SPTLC 및 SPTLC2가 발현되었음을 확인하였다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제20권11호
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• pp.1582-1588
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• 2010

전 연구에서 해양세균 Streptomyces sp. M3의 새로운 alginate 분해효소를 signal peptide가 제거된 상태로 클로닝하고 E. coli BL21 (DE3) 균에 형질전환시켰다. 본 연구에서는 배양할 때 IPTG를 첨가하여 M3 alginate 분해효소 단백질을 과발현시키고 Ni-Sepharose 친화력 chromatography로 정제하여 생화학적 성질을 조사하였다. 기질특이성을 시험하기 위한 235 nm에서의 흡광도와 TLC 분석 결과로부터 M3 alginate 분해효소가 polyG block에 기질특이성을 나타냄을 알 수 있었다. M3 분해효소를 기질과 10분 동안 반응시켰을 때, 최적 pH 및 최적온도는 pH 9 및 $60^{\circ}C$이었다. 1 mM $Ca^{++}$ 및 $Mn^{++}$은 alginate 분해활성을 2배 증가시킨 반면 $Hg^{++}$ 및 $Zn^{++}$는 분해활성을 완전히 저해하였다. $Mg^{++}$, $Co^{++}$, $Na^+$, $K^+$, 및 $Ba^{++}$은 M3 alginate 분해효소의 활성에 거의 영향을 미치지 않았다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제56권5호
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• pp.711-717
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• 2018

상피세포 성장인자(Epidermal Growth Factor, EGF)는 세포 분열을 자극하고 의약적 용도가 다양하다. EGF는 3개의 이황화 결합을 갖고 불용성으로, 대장균에서 고효율 발현에 대한 연구가 잘 이루어지지 않았다. EGF 유전자를 작은 유비퀴틴 관련 유전자(small ubiquitin-related modifier gene, SUMO)와 결합하고 DE3 대장균에서 발현시켰다. IPTG (Isopropyl-${\beta}$-D-Thiogalactopyranoside)로 유도하여 대장균 세포 단백질의 38.9%로 융합단백질이 발현되었고, Ni-NTA 친화성 크로마토그래피로 분리하였다. 그 후 유비퀴틴 분해효소반응으로 융합단백질에서 EGF를 얻은 후 다시 Ni-NTA 크로마토그래피로 분리 하였다. 최종적으로 정제된 EGF의 순도는 HPLC로 분석하였으며, 98%이상의 순도를 얻을 수 있었다.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.144-149
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• 2001

For the production and purification of a single chain human insulin precursor, four types of fusion peptides $\beta$-galactosidase (LacZ), maltose binding protein (MBP), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and (His)(sub)6-tagged sequence (HTS) were investigated. Recombinant E. coli harboring hybrid genes was cultivated at 37$\^{C}$ for 1h, and gene induction occurred when 0.2mM of isopropyl-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG) was added to the culture broth, except for E. coli BL21 (DE3) pLysS harboring a pET-BA cultivation with 1.0mM IPTG, followed by a longer than 4h batch fermentation respectively. DEAE-Sphacel and Sephadex G-200 gel filtration chromatography, amylose affinity chromatography, glutathione-sepharose 4B affinity chromatography, and a nickel chelating affinity chromatography system as a kind of immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC) were all employed for the purification of a single chain human insulin precursor. The recovery yields of the HTS-fused, GST-fused, MBP-fused, and LacZ-fused single chain human insulin precursors resulted in 47%, 20%, 20%, and 18% as the total protein amounts respectively. These results show that a higher recovery yield of the finally purified recombinant peptides was achieved when affinity column chromatography was employed and when the fused peptide had a smaller molecular weight. In addition the pET expression system gave the highest productivity of a fused insulin precursor due to a two-step regulation of the gene expression, and the HTS-fused system provided the highest recovery of a fused insulin precursor based on a simple and specific separation using the IMAC technique.

• 공업화학
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.599-603
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• 2012

위치특이적 돌연변이 기술을 이용하여 활성을 향상시킨 Mugil cephalus 유래 에폭사이드 가수분해효소(epoxide hydrolase, McEH)를 발현하는 재조합 대장균 균주를 생촉매로 이용하여 유기용매상에서 라세믹 스틸렌 옥사이드(styrene oxide)에 대한 입체선택적 가수분해 반응을 수행하였다. 재조합 균주의 세포 성장 시간대별로 McEH 단백질의 발현유도 특성을 분석하였으며, 대수성장기에 IPTG를 첨가했을 때 생촉매 활성이 2.2배 향상되었다. 유기용매의 Log P 값이 증가할수록 생촉매의 입체선택적 가수분해 활성이 증가하였으며, 이소옥탄(isooctane)을 반응용매로 사용하였을 때 생촉매의 입체선택적 가수분해 활성이 가장 우수하였다. 동결건조과정에서 skim milk 또는 sucrose와 같은 lyoprotectant를 사용하여 활성 안정화를 시킨 재조합 대장균 생촉매를 사용하여 이소옥탄에서 20 mM 라세믹 스틸렌 옥사이드에 대하여 광학순도 98%의 (S)-스틸렌 옥사이드를 이론수율 대비 53.6%로 제조할 수 있었다.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.9-12
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• 1996

In order to produce the single chain precursor of a novel human insulin analogue, (B30-Homoserine) insulin, the fermentative behaviors of Escherichia coli JM103 were studied, which harbors pKBA plasmid carrying a hybrid gene in which the gene for a single chain precursor was fused with lacZ gene under tac promoter. The maximal induction of gene expression was achieved when more than 0.05 mM of isopropyl-$\beta$-D-thiogalactopyranoside(IPTG) was supplemented to fermentation medium after 4 h cultivation of E. coli, and followed by longer than 2-h fermentation. The hybrid protein of the single chain insulin precursor was isolated from cytoplasmic inclusion bodies by dissolving in 8M urea solution, and purified through DEAE-Sephacel and Sephadex G-200 column chromatographies with a recovery of 35%. The finally purified hybrid protein showed a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2000년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.355-356
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• 2000

Three 'stress probe' plasmids were constructed and characterized which utilize a green fluorescent protein (CFP) as a non-invasive reporter to elucidate Escherichia coli cellular stress responses in quiescent or 'resting' cells. Facile detection of cellular stress levels was achieved by fusion of three heat shock stress protein promoter elements, those of the heat shock transcription factor ${\sigma}^{32}$, pretense subunit ClpB, and chaperone DnaK, to the reporter gene $gfp_{uv}$. When perturbed by chemical or physical stress (such as heat shock, nutrient (amino acid) limitation, addition of IPTG, acetic acid, ethanol, phenol, antifoam, and salt (osmotic shock), the E. coli cells produced GFPuv which was easily detected from within the cells as emitted green fluorescence. A temporal and amplitudinal mapping of these responses was performed, demonstrating regions where quantitative delineation of cell stress was afforded.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2000년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.219-222
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• 2000

Physiological changes of Escherichia coli during the fed-batch fermentation process were characterized in this study. Overall cellular protein samples prepared at the different stage of fermentation were separated by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE), and differently expressed 15 proteins, Phosphotransferase enzyme I, GroEL, Trigger factor, ${\beta}$ subunit of ATP synthase, Transcriptional regulator KDGR, Phosphoglycerate mutase 1, Inorganic pyrophosphatase, Serine Hydroxymethyl-transferase, ${\alpha}$ subunit of RNA polymerase, Elongation factor Tu, Elongation factor Ts, Tyrosine-tRNA ligase, DnaK suppressor protein, Transcriptional elongation factor, 30S ribosomal protein S6 were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption / ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). When bacterial cells grow to high cell density, and IPTG-inducible heterologous protein is produced, expression level of overall cellular proteins was decreased. According to their functions in the cell, identified proteins were classified into three groups, proteins involved in transport process, small-molecule metabolism, and synthesis and modification of macromolecules.