• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
• /
• 제12권5호
• /
• pp.7-12
• /
• 2009

A nuclear fuel test loop(after below, FTL) is installed in the IRI of an irradiation hole in HANARO for testing the neutron irradiation characteristics and thermo hydraulic characteristics of a fuel loaded in a light water power reactor or a heavy water power reactor. There is an in-pile section(IPS) and an out-pile section(OPS) in this test loop. When HANARO is operated normally, the fuel loaded into the IPS has a nuclear reaction heat generated by a neutron irradiation. To remove the generated heat and to maintain the operation conditions of the test fuel, a main cooling water system(MCWS) is installed in the OPS of the FTL. The MCWS is composed of a main cooler, a pressurizer, two circulation pumps, a main heater, an interconnection pipe line and instruments. The interconnection pipeline is a closed loop which is connected to an inlet and an outlet of the IPS respectively. The MCWS is under a cold function test during a start-up period. This paper describes the system flow network analysis results of the flow control of a main cooling water system in the HANARO fuel test loop. It was confirmed through the results that the flow was met the system design requirements.

• 대한치과보철학회지
• /
• 제38권5호
• /
• pp.575-582
• /
• 2000

This investigation was designed to determine whether heat-pressing and/or simulated heat treatments affected the flexure strength and the microstructure of the lithium disilicate glass-ceramic in the IPS Empress 2 system. Four groups of the specimens were prepared as follows: group 1 - as-received material, group 2 - heat-pressed material; group 3 - heat-pressed and simulated initial heat-treated material; group 4 - heat-pressed and the simulated heat-treated material with full firings for a final restoration. The three-point bending test and the scanning elec-tron microscope (SEM) analysis was conducted for the purpose of this study. The flexure strength of group 2 was significantly higher than that of group 1. However, there were no significant differences in strength among group 2, 3, and 4, and between group 1 and 4. The SEM micrographs of the lithium disilicate glass-ceramic showed the closely packed, multi-directionally interlocking microstructure of numerous lithium disilicate crystals protruding from the glass matrix. The crystals of the heat-pressed materials (group 2, 3, and 4) were a little denser and about two times bigger than those of the as-received material (group 1). This change of microstructure is more obviously exhibited particularly between group 1 and 2. However, there was no a marked difference among group 2, 3, and 4 after the heat-pressing procedure. Although there were significant increase of the strength and some changes of the microstructure after the heat-pressing operation, the combination of the heat-pressing and the simulated subsequent heat treatments did not produce the increase of strength of IPS Empress 2 glass-ceramic.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
• /
• 제33권2호
• /
• pp.179-184
• /
• 2009

The Fuel Test Loop(FTL) which is capable of an irradiation testing under a similar operating condition to those of PWR(Pressurized Water Reactor) and CANDU(CANadian Deuterium Uranium reactor) nuclear power plants has been developed and installed in HANARO, KAERI(Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute). It consists of In-Pile Section(IPS) and Out-of Pile System(OPS). The IPS, which is located inside the pool is divided into 3-parts; the in-pool pipes, the IVA(IPS Vessel Assembly) and the support structures. The test fuel is loaded inside a double wall, inner pressure vessel and outer pressure vessel, to keep the functionality of the reactor coolant pressure boundary. The IVA is manufactured by local company and the functional test and verification were done through pressure drop, vibration, hydraulic and leakage tests. The brazing technique for the instrument lines has been checked for its functionality and performance. An IVA has been manufactured by local technique and have finally tested under high temperature and high pressure. The IVA and piping did not experience leakage, as we have checked the piping, flanges, assembly parts. We have obtained good data during the three cycle test which includes a pressure test, pressure and temperature cycling, and constant temperature.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:시스템및이론
• /
• 제33권8호
• /
• pp.554-561
• /
• 2006

최근, SoC 설계연구가 활발히 진행되고 있으며, 하나의 시스템에 보다 많은 수의 IP가 포함되고 있다. 많은 IP 간의 효율적인 통신과 재사용율을 높이기 위해 다양한 프로토콜과 버스 구조들이 연구되고 있다. 기존의 공유 버스 구조의 문제점을 해결하기 위해 제안된 SNP(SoC Network Protocol) 와 SNA(SoC Network Architecture)는 각각 peer-to-peer 방식의 프로토콜과 버스 구조이다. 한편 AMBA AHB 는 대규모 SoC 시스템에 다소 부적절한 구조를 가짐에도 불구하고 산업 표준으로 자리매김 해왔다. 따라서 기존의 많은 IP들이 AMBA 인터페이스를 가지고 있으나 SNP 와는 프로토콜과 완벽하게 호환되지 않는 문제점을 가지고 있다. 기존의 IP 들의 인터페이스를 SNP 로 바꾸기 전까지는 새로 제안된 버스 구조에서도 AMBA AHB 와의 호환성을 완전히 배제할 수가 없다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 SNP 가 확장된 XSNP(extended SNP) 스펙과 SNA 기반 시스템에서 이를 지원하는 SNA 컴포넌트를 제안한다. AMBA AHB 와 SNP 사이의 프로토콜 변환을 지원하기 위해서 기존 SNP 의 페이즈를 1 비트 확장하여 새로운 8 개의 페이즈를 추가하였다. 따라서 AMBA 호환 가능한 IP 는 SNP 를 통해 성능 감쇠 없이 AHB-to-XSNP 변환기를 통해 통신할 수 있다. 또한 이러한 확장 방법은 AMBA AHB 뿐 아니라 SNP 와 다른 버스 프로토콜 사이의 신호 변환에도 이용하여 SNP 의 유연성과 성능을 향상시킬 수 있다. 제안된 구조의 검증 / 평가를 위해 다양한 시뮬레이션을 수행하였으며, AMBA AHB 와의 호환성에 있어 문제가 없다는 것을 검증하였다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
• /
• 제49권4호
• /
• pp.308-315
• /
• 2011

연구 목적: IPS Empress Esthetic$^{(R)}$ system의 ingot은 다양한 반투명도를 가지고 있지만, 실제 다양한 색조의 자연치를 배경으로 각각의 ingot을 laminate veneer로 제작했을 때 어느 정도의 차폐능력을 나타내는지 알 수 없다. 본 연구의 목적은 반투명도가 서로 다른 ingot으로 제작한 IPS Empress Esthetic$^{(R)}$ laminate veneer 수복 시 다른 색상의 지대치상에서 최종 색조의 차이(color difference, ${\Delta}E$)를측정, 분석해서 그 차폐효과를 평가하고, 최종 색조에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구 재료 및 방법: Laminate veneer 수복을 위해 삭제된 6가지 다른 색조(A1, A3, A4, B2, B3, C3)의 자연치아 위에 반투명도가 서로 다른 6가지 IPS Empress Esthetic$^{(R)}$ ingot (E 01, E 03, E OC1, E TC1, E TC2, E TC3)으로 제작된 총 두께 0.6 mm의 도재 시편들을 translucent shade의 시적용 합착제로 시적한 뒤 각 시편 조합의 색조를 색채계(colorimeter)를 이용하여 측정하였다. 서로 다른 색조의 지대치아 위에서 측정된 도재시편들의 색차를 비교, 분석하였다. 결과: 지대치 색조 및 coping의 반투명도에 따라서 laminate veneer 수복물의 최종 색조가 다르게 나타났다(P<.05). 모든 도재 시편에서 A3, B3, 그리고 C3 shade를 가진 지대치들 사이의 평균 색차값(${\Delta}E$)이 2.7 이하로 나타났고, 지대치들 간의 색조가 A3 와 A4, B3 와 A4, 그리고 C3 와 A4 인 경우 평균 색차값은 몇 가지 도재 시편에서 2.7 이하를 나타내어 laminate veneer 수복물에 의한 지대치 색조의 차폐효과를 보여 주었다. 반면, A1 과 B2 shade의 지대치는 다른 지대치들과 비교하여 높은 색조 차이를 보였으며, 특히A4와 B2, A3 와 B2, 그리고 A1 과 A4 색조의 지대치들 사이에는 그 색조 차이가 컸다. 결론: IPS Empress Esthetic$^{(R)}$ coping으로 제작된 laminate veneer의 최종 색조는 지대치 색조 및 coping의 반투명도에 의해 영향을 받았다. 서로 다른 $a^*$와 $b^*$ 값을 나타내는 지대치들의 색상 차이는 어느 정도 차폐 되는 효과를 보여주고 있으나, 명도($L^*$)의 차이가 많이 나타나는 지대치 색조들을 차폐하는 것은 한계가 있었다.

• 구강회복응용과학지
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.43-48
• /
• 2003

During the past several years, significant advances have occurred in the utilization of osseointegrated implants for the treatment of partially edentulous patients. One of the biggest purposes for treating of these patients is the high demand for improved esthetics, especially in the anterior region. For this esthetics, the new trend in dental implants is the immediate placement and immediate superstructure fabrication. The refined surgical technique, the skillful soft tissue management, and the proper prosthetic coordination are the main factors to achieve natural looking of implant supported prosthesis. The customized provisional restoration and the customized impression coping are recommended for the optimal peri-implant soft tissue contour. The basic concept of Frialit 2 system was the immediate replacement of a tooth with root-analog fixture after extraction. This system guarantees an ideal result in function and esthetics. The ceramic abutment system offers improved quality in the respect of esthetics, fitness, translucency, and biocompatibility. In this clinical report, the final restoration made with IPS Empress 2 crown on the CeraBase abutmen of Frialit 2 system allowed the reproduction of the natural vitality of tooth and adjacent gingiva.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
• /
• 제21권10호
• /
• pp.1917-1922
• /
• 2017

WPS는 현실세계에 산재한 무선 신호를 활용하여 측위를 수행한다. 측위 위치의 무선 신호 정보를 수집하여 radio map을 구성하는 구축단계, 구성된 정보와 수집된 무선 신호를 비교하는 측위 단계로 나누어진다. WPS는 측위 시 수집된 신호에 변화가 나타날 경우 측위 정확도의 하락을 가지고 온다. PDR은 관성 센서들을 활용하여 보행자의 걸음걸이 수, 이동거리, 방향을 분석하여 최종 이동지를 분석하는 시스템이다. WPS의 측위 결과가 두 개 이상의 위치로 나타날 경우 측위 정확도의 문제로 판단할 수 있다. 몇몇의 조건에서 문제가 발생하게 된다. 본 논문에서는 앞서 언급한 문제점이 발생하는 상황에 대하여 분석하고 이를 PDR을 통해서 보정하는 시스템에 대하여 제안한다. 이 복합측위를 적용할 경우 WPS에 문제가 발생할 경우에도 측위 정확도를 유지하거나 향상 시킬 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
• /
• 제36권2호
• /
• pp.273-292
• /
• 1998

The purpose of this study was to evaluate marginal fit of four all-ceramic crown systems 1) conventional In-Ceram, 2) copy-milled In-Ceram using Celay system, 3) IPS Empress, 4) OPC(Optimal Pressable Ceramic). All ceramic crowns were made on epoxy dies. The fabricated crowns were sandblasted, cleaned with ultrasonic cleansing, silanated, and cemented with Bistite composite resin cement. the selected marginal areas of the crowns were the labial, lingual, mesial, and distal surface. Each selected area of surface was $0.6{\times}1.6mm$ in dimension. The image of each marginal area was captured to computer files using DT-55 Frame Grabber and light microscope connected CCD camera. The marginal gaps were measured every $70{\mu}m$ using computer image analysis program. The results obtained were summarized as follows : 1. The marginal fit of four all-ceramic crowns were significantly different from each other(p<0.01), and mean marginal fit values obtained were $31.42{\pm}16.52{\mu}m$ in conventional In-Ceram, $55.45{\pm}27.90{\mu}m$ in copy-milled In-Ceram using Celay system, $44.36{\pm}24.59{\mu}m$ in IPS Empress, $47.21{\pm}20.42{\mu}m$ in OPC. 2. In the marginal fit of conventional In-Ceraw and copy-milled In-Ceram crowns using Celay system there was no significant difference between mesiodistal and buccolingual surface, but in the marginal fit of IPS Empress and OPC crowns, there was significant difference between mesiodistal and buccolingual surface(p<0.01). 3. The marginal fit of four kinds of all-ceramic crowns was clinically acceptable.

• 대한치과보철학회지
• /
• 제40권6호
• /
• pp.545-559
• /
• 2002

There has been increasing use of IPS Empress $2^{(R)}$ owing to easy fabrication method, high esthetics similar to natural teeth, good marginal accuracy, and sufficient fracture strength. However, in clinical application, although a luting agent and the tooth cementation bonding procedure influence the marginal accuracy and fracture strength restoration, there has been a controversy in the selection of proper luting agent. This study was to measure the marginal fidelites and fracture strength of IPS Empress crowns according to three cement types, Protec $cem^{(R)}$, Variolink $II^{(R)}$ and Panavia $21^{(R)}$. After construction of 12 experimental dies for each group, IPS Empress $2^{(R)}$ crowns were fabricated and luted the metal master die prepartion of the maxillary right premolar. Marginal gaps before cementation and after cementation were measured. Buccal incline on the functional cusp of specimens were loaded until the catastrophic failure and fracture strength was measured. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The range of gap was $34.04{\pm}4.84{\mu}m$ before cementation and $37.88{\pm}5.00{\mu}m$ after cementation, which showed significant difference by paired t-test (p<0.05). The difference in the results from marginal accuracy according to measuring point proved to be not statistically significant by two-way ANOVA test (p>0.05). 2. The difference in the results from marginal accuracy according to three cement types Proved that The Variolink $II^{(R)}$ cement group had the least gap, $35.43{\pm}5.03{\mu}m$, and showed superior marginal accuracy while there existed statistic significance in Protec $cem^{(R)}$ cement group, $39.06{\pm}4.41{\mu}m$ or Panavia $21^{(R)}$ cement group, $39.16{\pm}4.39{\mu}m$ by two-way ANOVA test & multiple range test (p<0.05). 3. The difference in the results from fractures strength testing according to three cement type groups proved to be statistically significant (p<0.05). The Variolink $II^{(R)}$ cement group shows highest fracture strength of $1257.33{\pm}226.77N$, Panavia $21^{(R)}$ cement group has $1098.08{\pm}138.45N$, and Protec $cem^{(R)}$ cement group represents the lowest fracture strength of $926.75{\pm}115.75N$. 4. Three different cement groups of different components showed acceptable marginal fidelity and fracture strength. It is concluded that IPS Empress $2^{(R)}$ crowns luted using Variolink $II^{(R)}$ cement group had stronger fracture strength and smaller marginal gap than the other cement groups. Although Variolink $II^{(R)}$ resin cement seemed acceptable to clinical applications in IPS Empress $2^{(R)}$ system, the IPS Empress $2^{(R)}$ system still requires long-term research due to the lack of data in clinical applications.

• 한국전자거래학회지
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.81-94
• /
• 1999

This paper shows the architecture of IPS(Intermarket Payment System), an implementation of the electronic payment function for internet-shopping merchant system. Because the original purpose of commerce transaction is the exchange of money for goods or services, it is very important to prepare an exchangeable economic value or method. The electronic payment system is the hardware or software or both to process an electronic payment transaction. It has two type, the broker type and the electronic value type. The broker type means an intermediator between real bank network and internet commerce transaction. The electronic value type means a substitute for money in the real world. This paper shows the architecture and the function to implement the broker type electronic payment system. The system has two parts. One is the mediator part to support multiple payment systems and to offer common access methods for merchant system database. The other is the executor part to implement the payment protocol and to process payment transaction.