• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.115-126
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• 2020

Peritoneal metastasis (PM) frequently occurs in patients with gastric cancer (GC) and confers a dismal prognosis despite advances in systemic chemotherapy. While systemic chemotherapy has poor peritoneal penetration, intraperitoneal (IP) chemotherapy remains sequestered, resulting in high peritoneal drug concentrations with less systemic side-effects. The first application of IP treatment was hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) with cytoreductive surgery (CRS) for gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis (GCPM); but was associated with an increased morbidity and mortality rate without significantly improving overall survival (OS). While CRS confers limited benefit, the potential role of prophylactic HIPEC and laparoscopic neoadjuvant HIPEC are currently being evaluated. Combination systemic and IP chemotherapy (SIPC) gained popularity in the 1990s, since it provided the benefits of IP treatment while reducing surgical morbidity, demonstrating promising early results in multiple Phase II trials. Unfortunately, these findings were not confirmed in the recent PHOENIX-GC randomized controlled trial; therefore, the appropriate treatment for GCPM remains controversial. Small observational studies from Japan and Singapore have reported successful downstaging of PM in GC patients receiving SIPC who subsequently underwent conversion gastrectomy with a median OS of 21.6-34.6 months. Recently, the most significant development in IP-directed therapy is pressurized IP aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC). Given that aerosol chemotherapy achieves a wider distribution and deeper penetration, the outcomes of multiple ongoing trials assessing its efficacy are eagerly awaited. Indeed, IP-directed therapy has evolved rapidly in the last 3 decades, with an encouraging trend toward improved outcomes in GCPM, and may offer some hope for an otherwise fatal disease.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.29 no.2B
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• pp.158-166
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• 2004

Address lookup is one of the most essential functions of the Internet routers and a very important feature in evaluating router performance. Due to the facts that the Internet traffic keeps growing and the number of routing table entries is continuously growing, efficient address-lookup mechanism is indispensable. In recent years, various fast address-lookup schemes have been proposed, but most of those schemes are not practical in terms of the memory size required for routing table and the complexity required in table update In this paper, we have proposed a parallel IP address lookup architecture based on multiple hashing. The proposed scheme has advantages in required memory size, the number of memory accesses, and table update. We have evaluated the performance of the proposed scheme through simulation using data from MAE-WEST router. The simulation result shows that the proposed scheme requires a single memory access for the address lookup of each route when 203kbytes of memory and a few-hundred-entry TCAM are used.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.12C no.6 s.102
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• pp.827-838
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• 2005

DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) attack is a critical threat to current Internet. To solve the detection and response of DDoS attack on BcN, we have investigated detection algorithms of DDoS and Implemented anomaly detection modules. Recently too many technologies of the detection and prevention have developed, but it is difficult that the IDS distinguishes normal traffic from the DDoS attack Therefore, when the DDoS attack is detected by the IDS, the firewall just discards all over-bounded traffic for a victim or absolutely decreases the threshold of the router. That is just only a method for preventing the DDoS attack. This paper proposed the mechanism of response for the legitimated clients to be protected Then, we have designed and implemented the statistic based system that has the automated detection and response functionality against DDoS on Linux Zebra router environment.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.55-61
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• 2002

Real-time Internet multi-media services requires fast data transmission, QoS and IP multicast. MARS is proposed to support IP multicast in the ATM Networks based on Internet, and RSVP is proposed to guarantee QoS in the Internet which is originally based on only best-effort service. In this paper, we propose two mechanisms to support IP multicast service involving QoS support over the ATM networks with MARS architecture based on multiple MCSs. In the first mechanism, when an ATM host requests joining into a specific multicast group, the MARS selects a proper MCS among the multiple MCSs to minimize the average time of transfer delay between the sender and the group members. In the second mechanism, when the RSVP reservation message from group member arrive at the MARS, the MARS which can process the RSVP reservation message select again the MCS with using the MCS management table. Finally, we recommend the mechanism to keep the QoS of Internet service and to reduce the processing-overhead between MARS and MCS.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.9
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• pp.2917-2924
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• 2012

Four novel metal-organic complexes $[Cd_2(IP)_2(TBZ)_2(H_2O)_2]{\cdot}(H_2O)$ (1), $[Zn_4(IP)_4(TBZ)_4]{\cdot}2(H_2O)$ (2), $[Zn_2(BTC)(TBZ)_2(CO_2H)]$ (3), [Co(PDC)(TBZ)] (4) (where IP = isophthalate; TBZ = thiabendazole; BTC = 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate; PDC = pyridine-3,4-dicarboxylate) have been prepared and characterized by IR spectrum, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. X-ray structure analysis reveals that 1, 2, and 3 are one-dimensional chain polymers, while 4 is a two-dimensional network polymer. The TBZ acts as a typical chelating ligand coordinated to the metal center in all complexes. The 1D chain architecture of 1 is constructed from isophthalates and cadmium atoms. A simultaneous presence of chelating, monodentate and bidentate coordination modes of IP ligands is observed in complex 2. In complex 3, the 16-membered rings are alternately arranged forming an infinite 1D double-chain structure. The 2D skeleton of 4 is formed by cobalt ions as nodes and PDC dianions as spacers, through coordination bonds. The hydrogen bonds and ${\pi}-{\pi}$ stacking play important roles in affecting the final structure where complexes 1 and 3 have 2D supramolecular networks, while complexes 2 and 4 have 3D supramolecular architectures.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.120-127
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• 1998

Peroxisome proliferators induce hepatic peroxisome proliferation and hepatic tumors in rodents. These chemicals increase the expression of the peroxisomal $\beta$-oxidation pathway and the cytochrome P-450 4A family, which metabolizes lipids, including eicosanoids. Peroxisome proliferators transiently induce increased cell proliferation in vivo. However, peroxisome proliferators are weakly mitogenic and are not co-mitogenic with epidermal growth factor (EGF) in cultured hepatocytes. Earlier study found that the peroxisome proliferator ciprofibrate is cornitogenic with eicosanoids. In order to study possible mechanisms of the comitogenicity of peroxisome proliferator ciprofibrate and eicosanoids' we hypothesized that the co-mitogenicity may result from synergistic or additive increases of second messengers in mitogenic signal pathways. We therefore examined the effect of the peroxisome proliferator ciprofibrate, prostaglandin $F_2_{\alpha}$($PGF_2{\alpha}$) and the combination of ciprofibrate and $PGF_2{\alpha}$ with or without growth factors on the protein kinase C (PKC) activity, and inositol-1, 4, 5-triphosphate ($IP_{3-}$) and intracellular calcium ($[Ca^{2+}]_i$) concentrations in cultured rat hepatocytes. The combination of ciprofibrate and $PGF_2{\alpha}$ significantly increased particulate PKC activity. The combination of ciprofibrate and $PGF_2{\alpha}$ also significantly increased EGF, transforming growth factor-$\alpha$ ($TGF_2{\alpha}$) and hepatic growth factor (HGF)-induced particulate PKC activity. The combination of ciprofibrate and $PGF_2_\alpha$greatly increased $[Ca^{2+}]_i$. However, the increases of PKC activity and $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ by ciprofibrate and $PGF_2{\alpha}$ alone were much smaller. Neither ciprofibrate or $PGF_2{\alpha}$ alone nor the combination of ciprofibrate and $PGF_2{\alpha}$ significantly increased the formation of $IP_3$. The combination of ciprofibrate and $PGF_2{\alpha}$, however, blocked the inhibitory effect of $TGF-{\beta}$ on particulate PKC activity and formation of $IP_3$ induced by EGF. These results show that co-mitogenicity of the peroxisome proliferator ciprofibrate and eicosanoids may result from the increase in particulate PKC activity and intracellular calcium concentration but not from the formation of $IP_3$.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.129-146
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• 2010

The trend of Next Generation Networks' (NGN) evolution is towards providing multiple and multimedia services to users through ubiquitous networks. The aim of IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) is to integrate mobile communication networks and computer networks. The IMS plays an important role in NGN services, which can be achieved by heterogeneous networks and different access technologies. IMS can be used to manage all service related issues such as Quality of Service (QoS), Charging, Access Control, User and Services Management. Nowadays, internet technology is changing with each passing day. New technologies yield new impact to IMS. In this paper, we perform a survey of IMS and discuss the different impacts of new technologies on IMS such as P2P, SCIM, Web Service and its security issues.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.1242-1248
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• 2008

In this paper, we propose a multi-stage user authenticating system in which system at first stage, the system authenticate a user through his GPS information and IP address. At second stage, the system authenticate a user based on ID and Password as other systems does. Through the use of proposed system, aged person or children enjoy the game on a much safer environment.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.123-126
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• 2015

This paper described fault tolerance system running on distributed multimedia. We implemented the error manager service so that the users participated in distribute multimedia collaborative work may refer synchronized error objects as the same view to others. distributed multimedia environment are based on IP-USN(Internet Protocol - Ubiquitous Sensor Network) and M2M(Machine to machine). This is a system that is suitable for detecting, sharing and recovering software error in distribute multimedia CSCW(Computer Supportes Cooperated Work) environment. With error synchronization system, a group cooperating users can synchronize error applications.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2004.10c
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• pp.685-687
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 이동 인터넷 환경에서 핸드오프 시, 링크 계층 (L2) 정보를 이용하며 새로 발견한 모바일 에이전트와의 등록 절차를 L2 핸드오프 완료 후 곧바로 수행하는 로우-레이턴시 (Low-Latency) 핸드오프 방안을 제안하고 이를 구현한다. 제안한 방법은 기존 연구들에 비해 추가적인 L2 핸드오프 지연 및 별도 네트워크 구성요소를 필요로 하지 않으며 보다 일반적이고 현실적인 네트워크 환경에서 적용될 수 있는 방안이다. 실험 결과는 제안된 방법이 인프라스트럭처 (infrastructure) 모드로 설정된 무선 랜에서 모바일 IP의 핸드오프 지연을 크게 개선하여 이동 인터넷 환경의 실시간 멀티미디어 서비스에 적합함을 보여준다.