• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.221-227
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• 2002

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of a weight loss program on the degree of obesity and levels of resting energy expenditure (REE) in overweight subjects according to their mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP 2) genotype. Twenty-three subjects with a body mass index (BMI) greater than 27 were recruited from the Obesity Clinic of the Kyung-Hee University Hospital during the period of December 2000 - August 2001. The subjects were genotyped for the exon 8 allele; 15 subjects were found to be of del/del genotype, 8 were del/ins, and none were of ins/ins genotype. No significant association was found between the different UCP 2 genotypes and the initial levels of weight, fat mass (FM), lean body mess (LBM), BMI, REE, and REE/LBM ratio. After 12 weeks of a weight loss program, body weight and FM were significantly decreased, while LBM, total body water (TBW), and REE were not changed, irrespective of UCP 2 genotype. Initial fasting plasma levels of albumin, glucose, triglyceride, lipoprotein cholesterol, insulin, free triiodo-thyronine (T3), free fatty acid (FFA), and leptin were not different according to the UCP 2 genotype; furthermore, these blood parameters were not changed after the 12-week weight loss program. However, plasma levels of leptin decreased in both the del/del and ins/del genotypes, from 18.7 ng/ml to 13.4 ng/ml (p<.05), and from 18.1 ng/ml to 13.9 ng/ml (p＜.05), respectively, after the weight loss program. In conclusion, this study found no significant association between the del/del or del/ins UCP 2 genotypes and differing levels of REE or differing degrees of obesity, either before or after a weight loss program. This study provided evidence that a well- managed weight loss program could maintain levels of REE, which plays an important role in the maintenance of energy balance.

• 한국독어학회지:독어학
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• 제1집
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• pp.375-400
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• 1999

Bei der maschinellen $\"{U}bersetzung(=M\"{U})\;\"{u}bernimmt$ ein Computer die Aufgabe, Texte von einer $nat\"{u}rlichen$ Sprache in eine andere automatisch zu $\"{u}bertragen$. Die meisten $M\"{U}-Systeme$ wurden bis in die 90er Jahre $haupts\"{a}chlich$ von grossen Firmen benutzt, die viele kostenaufwendige $\"{U}bersetzungsarbeiten\;zu\;bew\"{a}ltigen$ hatten. Aber die schnelle Verbreitung des Internets in den Alltag vieler Menschen hat die Situation radikal $ge\"{a}ndert$, und zwar so, $da\ss$ ein $M\"{U}-System$ viel $h\"{a}ufiger$ verwendet wird und es auch bei individuellem Bedarf Anwendung findet. Mit zunehmendem Volumen der zu $\"{u}bersetzenden$ Texte im Internet wird die Nachfrage nach einem $M\"{U}-System\;immer\;gr\"{o}sser$. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, ein Verfahren der maschinellen $\"{U}bersetzung$ der deutschen WWW-Texte ins Koreanische zu beschreiben. Dazu habe ich versucht, zwei unterschiedliche $M\"{U}-Systeme$ zu koppeln. Das Potential dieser Methode ist vor allem deswegen zu untersuchen, weil die sogenannte Lingware fur das Koreanische und Deutsche, wie z.B. Lexikon, Grammatik, Transfer-Lexikon, nur begrenzt zur $Verf\"{u}gung$ steht. Das erste System ist das $M\"{U}-System\;SYSTRAN\;f\"{u}r$ das Sprachpaar Deutsch-Englisch, das die deutschen WWW-Texte ins Englische $\"{u}bersetzt$. Das zweite ist em $M\"{U}-System\;f\"{u}r$ das Sprachpaar Englisch-Deutsch, das die vom Deutschen ins Englische $\"{u}bersetzten$ Texte ins Koreanische $\"{u}bersetzt$. Bei der Evaluierung der $\"{U}bersetzungen$ vom Deutschen ins Koreanische konnten etwa $30\%$ der Ausgaben als korrekt bewertet werden.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2006년도 International Symposium on GPS/GNSS Vol.1
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• pp.127-132
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• 2006

The Global Positioning System (GPS), Inertial Navigation System (INS) and Pseudolite (PL) technologies all play very important roles in navigation systems. As an independent navigation system, GPS can provide high precision positioning results which are independent of time. However, the performance will become unreliable when the system experiences high dynamics, or when the receiver is exposed to jamming or RF interference. In comparison to GPS, though INS is autonomous and provides good short-term accuracy, its use as a standalone navigation system is limited due to the time-dependent growth of the inertial sensor errors. PLs are ground-based transmitters that can transmit GPS-like signals. They have some advantages in that their positions can be determined precisely, and the Signal-to-Noise Ratios (SNR) are relatively high. Because their combined performance, in principle, overcomes the shortcomings of the individual systems, the integration of GPS, INS and PL is increasingly receiving attention from researchers. Depending on the desired performance vs complexity, system integration can be carried out at different levels, namely loose, tight and ultra-tight coupling. Compared with loose and tight integration, although it is more complex in terms of system design, ultra-tight integration will be the basis of the next generation of reliable and robust navigation systems. Its main advantages include improved performance under exposure to high dynamics, and jamming and RF interference mitigation. This paper presents an overview of the ultra-tight integration developments and discusses some of the challenging issues.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2006년도 International Symposium on GPS/GNSS Vol.1
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• pp.277-282
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• 2006

It is well known that Kalman filtering is an optimal real-time data fusion method for GPS/INS integration. However, it has some limitations in terms of stability, adaptability and observability. A Kalman filter can perform optimally only when its dynamic model is correctly defined and the noise statistics for the measurement and process are completely known. It is found that estimated Kalman filter states could be influenced by several factors, including vehicle dynamic variations, filter tuning results, and environment changes, etc., which are difficult to model. Neural networks can map input-output relationships without apriori knowledge about them; hence a proper designed neural network is capable of learning and extracting these complex relationships with enough training. This paper presents a GPS/INS integrated system that combines Kalman filtering and neural network algorithms to improve navigation solutions during GPS outages. An Extended Kalman filter estimates INS measurement errors, plus position, velocity and attitude errors etc. Kalman filter states, and gives precise navigation solutions while GPS signals are available. At the same time, a multi-layer neural network is trained to map the vehicle dynamics with corresponding Kalman filter states, at the same rate of measurement update. After the output of the neural network meets a similarity threshold, it can be used to correct INS measurements when no GPS measurements are available. Selecting suitable inputs and outputs of the neural network is critical for this hybrid method. Detailed analysis unveils that some Kalman filter states are highly correlated with vehicle dynamic variations. The filter states that heavily impact system navigation solutions are selected as the neural network outputs. The principle of this hybrid method and the neural network design are presented. Field test data are processed to evaluate the performance of the proposed method.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.2751-2757
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• 2015

유도제어 시스템 체계 개발의 초기단계에는 운용 효과도 도출 및 요구사항 적합성 검토를 통한 체계 개략사양도출을 위해 효과도 분석을 수행한다. 본 논문에서는 M&S (Modeling & Simulation)를 활용하여 항법센서 성능과 환경영향(조류의 세기와 방향)에 따른 유도제어 시스템의 목표점 도달 정확도에 대한 운용 효과도 분석을 수행한다. 효과도 분석을 위해 6자유도 운동모델, 환경모델, 유도항법제어모델을 구성한다. 항법센서는 관성항법센서(Inertia Navigation Sensor, INS)와 도플러 속도센서(Doppler Velocity Log, DVL)로 구성하고, 환경변수는 조류(current)의 세기와 방향이다. 수치 시뮬레이션 결과는 CEP(Circular Error Probability)와 분산을 이용한 확률분석으로 분석한다. 효과도 분석 결과는 항법센서의 가격을 고려한 비용 대비 효율 분석에 활용하여 가격 대비 높은 성능의 센서 사양을 도출할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 높은 수준의 INS와 낮은 수준의 DVL을 이용하면 가격 대비 성능이 높은 복합항법센서를 구성한다는 것을 보여준다.

• 한국항해학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.11-26
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• 1996

On this paper, the traditional methods for the measurement of ship's maneuverabilities during the sea-trial of newly built ship are summarized and new methods for the same measurement using Integrated Navigation System and GPS are introduced. After various sea-trials of training ship "HANNARA" which are equipped with modern INS and GPS system, the results are compared and analysed. The purpose of this paper is to present more accurate methods of measurement of ship's maneuverabilities during sea-trial using INS and GPS which are gradually becoming the basic navigational equipments on many newly constructed vessels.d vessels.

• 한국어업기술학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국어업기술학회 2000년도 추계수산관련학회 공동학술대회발표요지집
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• pp.175-176
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• 2000

PtdIns(4)P와 PtdIns(4,5)P$_2$등과 같은 폴리포스이노시타이드(Polyphosph-oinositide)는 여러 가지 호르몬 및 성장인자들에 의한 세포의 신호전달기작에 있어서 중요한 역할을 한다. 이들은 세포내 여러효소 및 단백질의 활성을 조절하기도 하고, cofilin(1), destrin(2), $\alpha$-actinin(3), gCap39(4) 및 CapZ등과 같은 여러 actin binding protein들의 성질을 변화시키기도 한다. (중략)

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.77-82
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• 2007

Serotonin (5-HT), the endogenous nonselective 5-HT receptor agonist, activates the inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate/calcium $(InsP3/Ca^{2+})$ signaling pathway and exerts both stimulatory and inhibitory actions on cAMP production and neuromodulin secretion in rat hypothalamic neurons. Specific mRNA transcripts for 5-HT1A, 5-HT2C and 5-HT4 were identified in rat hypothalamic neurons. These experiments were supported by combined techniques such as cAMP and a $Ca^{2+}$ assays in order to elucidate the associated receptors and signaling pathways. The cAMP production and neuromodulin release were profoundly inhibited during the activation of the Gi-coupled 5-HT1A receptor. Treatment with a selective agonist to activate the Gq-coupled 5-HT2C receptor stimulated InsP3 production and caused $Ca^{2+}$ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Selective activation of the Gs-coupled 5-HT4 receptor also stimulated cAMP production, and caused an increase in neuromodulin secretion. These findings demonstrate the ability of 5-HT receptor subtypes expressed in neurons to induce neuromodulin production. This leads to the activation of single or multiple G-proteins which regulate the $InsP3/Ca^{2+}/PLC-{\gamma}$ and adenyl cyclase / cAMP signaling pathways.

• 보험의학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.149-162
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• 1986

We had experienced very rare a case of renal cell carcinoma through ultrasonic diagnosis, september, 1985 at medical dept. Dae Han Kyoyuk Ins. Company. The conclusions that we gained, making a comparative-analysis of operation's view and ultrasonic view are as follows; 1. Echolucent area which was $0.6cm^2$ size in the center of tumor was shown by ultrasonography, we noticed it occured necrosis or cystic change and the extracts grossly after. operation accorded with ultrasonic view. 2. Tumor was 65mm in diameter on ultrasonography and made clear 55mm in diameter after operation 3. There was not fever, anemia, even typical triad of renal cell carcinoma, blood pressure was within normal limits. 4. The case was stage I by Robson's Modification method. 5. The case was clear cell type by classifying of histology. 6. The affected site was left side and origin was lower pole of the kidney. 7. After radical nephrectomy, until present prognosis was favorable and he exists.

• 보험의학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.233-244
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• 1986

We'd experienced a case of primary hepatoma at medical department, Dae han Kyoyuk Ins. Company January 1985. As it was found very early stage, we made out the case long term-survival possibility unexpectedly. The conclusions we gained, making comparative-analysis of ultrasonic view and operation's view are as follows; 1. By ultrasonography, echogenicity of tumor was increased type as compared with liver parenchyme. 2. The margin of the primary hepatoma by ultrasonography encapsulated well and the extraction after operation was same. 3. The boundary of tumor was clear. 4. The space-occupying lesion in liver was solitary. 5. The affected site was left lobe of the liver. 6. We couldn't discover a little fluid echo in upper abdomen on the ultrasonography, but could see in the cul-de-sac area and it accorded with the gross finding during laparotomy. 7. The case was cholangiocarcinoma in view of pathologic histology. 8. After the operation of lobectomy. the prognosis which was passed a months was very satisfactory and she exists until present.