• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.48 no.11
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• pp.873-880
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• 2020

In this paper, we propose a guidance filter to estimate line of sight rate with strapdown seeker measurements and INS(Inertial Navigation System) information. The measurements of proposed guidance filter consisted of the LOS(Line of Sight) and relative position that can be calculated with the seeker's measurements, INS information and known target position, also the filter is based on an asynchronous filter to use outputs of the two sensors that are out of synchronous and period. Through the proposed filter, we can reduce the effect on parasitic loop that can be caused by using large time delay seeker and improve the estimation performance.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.1060-1065
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• 2003

To determine whether dietary fatty acids affect pancreatic $\beta$-cell function, the INS-1 $\beta$-cells and the pancreatic islets isolated from Zucker obese (fa/fa) rats were cultured with stearic acid and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). As a result, DNA fragmentation laddering was substantially decreased in the INS-1 $\beta$-cells and the isolated pancreatic islets cultured with 2 mM CLA compared to those cultured with stearic acid. To investigate the mechanism by which CLA alleviates cell apoptosis under DNA fragmentation assay, we examined mRNA expressions of apoptosis-related proteins including Bax and Bcl-2 associated with cell death agonist and antagonist, respectively, in both INS-1 cells and islets cultured with 2 mM fatty acids. Bax mRNA expression was not altered by either stearic acid or CLA, whereas Bcl-2 mRNA expression was enhanced by CLA when compared to the stearic acid cultures. However, there were no changes in cell apoptosis and apoptotic-regulating gene products in either INS-1 cells or isolated islets treated with or without 2 mM CLA. It is concluded that CLA maintains $\beta$-cell viability via increased Bcl-2 expression compared to the stearic acid cultures, which may help to alleviate, at least somewhat, the onset of NIDDM in the physiological status. More detailed study is still needed to elucidate the effect of CLA on the prevention of fatty acid-induced $\beta$-cell apoptosis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.6673-6680
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• 2013

Objective: Insulin resistance (IR) is an established risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). Given that CRC and IR physiologically overlap and the calpain-10 gene (CAPN10) is a candidate for IR, we explored the association between CAPN10 and CRC risk. Methods: Blood samples of 400 case-control pairs were genotyped, and the lifestyle and dietary habits of these pairs were recorded and collected. Unconditional logistic regression (LR) was used to assess the effects of CAPN10 SNP43 and SNP19, and environmental factors. Both generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) and the classification and regression tree (CART) were used to test gene-environment interactions for CRC risk. Results: The GA+AA genotype of SNP43 and the Del/Ins+Ins/Ins genotype of SNP19 were marginally related to CRC risk (GA+AA: OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 0.92-1.99; Del/Ins+Ins/Ins: OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 0.84-2.04). Notably, a high-order interaction was consistently identified by GMDR and CART analyses. In GMDR, the four-factor interaction model of SNP43, SNP19, red meat consumption, and smoked meat consumption was the best model, with a maximum cross-validation consistency of 10/10 and testing balance accuracy of 0.61 (P < 0.01). In LR, subjects with high red and smoked meat consumption and two risk genotypes had a 6.17-fold CRC risk (95% CI = 2.44-15.6) relative to that of subjects with low red and smoked meat consumption and null risk genotypes. In CART, individuals with high smoked and red meat consumption, SNP19 Del/Ins+Ins/Ins, and SNP43 GA+AA had higher CRC risk (OR = 4.56, 95%CI = 1.94-10.75) than those with low smoked and red meat consumption. Conclusions: Though the single loci of CAPN10 SNP43 and SNP19 are not enough to significantly increase the CRC susceptibility, the combination of SNP43, SNP19, red meat consumption, and smoked meat consumption is associated with elevated risk.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.32 no.4_1
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• pp.293-298
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• 2014

Recently, the direct georeferencing has been becoming a common method in the aerial photogrammetry. As this direct georeferencing method using converged sensor of the digital photogrammetry camera and GPS(Global Positioning System)/INS(Inertial navaigation System), more rapid and accurate aerial photogrammetry has improved following advanced performance in photogrammetry. Since the accuracy of EO parameters from the direct georeferencing is determined by GPS/INS accuracy, it is significant to calculate the exact attitude information using values of INS rotations. For following calculations, the misalignment, such as INS rotation and the gap of GPS/INS, has to be decided. Because the number of ground control points are used for tirangulation and boresight calibration, those results should be different according to array and location of ground control points. In the study, those location and array of ground control points were tested to be used boresight calibration. As a result, there is no significant change of misalignment and exterior orienation parameters in the case when ground control points were at all course. On the contrarily, the difference has been shown in the case of no ground control point at course.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 1998

The present study was undertaken to characterize homocysteic acid (HCA)-and cysteic acid (CA)-mediated formation of inositol phosphates (InsP) in primary culture of rat cerebellar granule cells. HCA and CA stimulated InsP formation in a dose-dependent manner, which was prevented by the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist D,L-2-amino-5-phosphopentanoic acid (APV). CA-, but not HCA-, mediated InsP formation was in part prevented by the metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist ?${\alpha}$-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine ($({\pm})$-MCPG). Both HCA- and CA-mediated increases in intracellular calcium concentration were completely blocked by APV, but were not altered by $({\pm})$-MCPG. CA-mediated InsP formation was in part prevented by removal of endogenous glutamate. In contrast, the glutamate transport blocker L-aspartic acid-${\beta}$-hydroxamate synergistically increased CA responses. These data indicate that in cerebellar granule cells HCA mediates InsP formation wholly by activating NMDA receptor. In contrast, CA stimulates InsP formation by activating both NMDA receptor and metabotropic glutamate receptor, and in part by releasing endogenous glutamate into extracellular milieu.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.63 no.1
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• pp.123-131
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• 2014

An INS/vision integrated navigation algorithm is proposed for environments with insufficient number of landmarks. In the proposed algorithm, the raw measurements on the focal plane are directly used in order to cope with the situation where the number of landmarks are not sufficient. In addition to this, the combination of landmarks, which has smallest value of DOP, is used in the update of measurement in order to improve navigation performance. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed integrated navigation system, Monte-Carlo simulation and van test was performed. The results of the simulation and experiment show that the proposed navigation system gives better navigation performance than an INS/vision integrated navigation system which does not use the raw measurements on the focal plane and the navigation system provides navigation solutions even in environments with insufficient number of landmarks.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.18
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• pp.8287-8292
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• 2016

Background: Thymidylate synthase (TS) catalyzes the methylation of deoxyuridylate to deoxythymidylate and is involved in DNA methylation, synthesis and repair. Two common polymorphisms have been reported, tandem repeats in the promoter-enhancer region (TSER), and 6bp ins/del in the 5'UTR, that are implicated in a number of human diseases, including cancer. The association between the two polymorphisms in risk for lung cancer (LC) was here investigated in the Jordanian population. Materials and Methods: An age, gender, and smoking-matched case-control study involving 84 lung cancer cases and 71 controls was conducted. The polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique was used to detect the polymorphism of interest. Results: Individuals bearing the ins/ins genotype were 2.5 times more likely to have lung cancer [(95%CI: 0.98-6.37), p=0.051]. Individuals who were less than or equal to 57 years and carrying ins/ins genotype were 4.6 times more susceptible to lung cancer [OR<57 vs >57years: 4.6 (95%CI: 0.93-22.5), p=0.059)]. Genotypes and alleles of TSER were distributed similarly between cases and controls. Weak linkage disequilibrium existed between the two loci of interest (Lewontin's coefficient [D']) (LC: D' =0.03, r2: 0. 001, p=0.8; Controls: D' =0.29, r2: 0.08, p=0.02). Carriers of the "3 tandem repeats_insertion" haplotype (3R_ins) were 2 times more likely to have lung cancer [2 (95%CI: 1.13-3.48), p=0.061]. Conclusions: Genetic polymorphism of TS at 3 'UTR and its haplotype analysis may modulate the risk of lung cancer in Jordanians. The 6bp ins/del polymorphism of TS at 3 'UTR is more informative than TSER polymorphism in predicting increased risk.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.24 no.2 s.88
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• pp.79-89
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to propose a new method using the GPS-INS integrated system which measures the superelevation of a curved yoad rapidly and safely Also, using the CPS-INS integrated system. this Paper is to analyze the expected accuracy of the superelevation on the roads which are already opened for traffic. The superelevation of the roads which are already opened for traffic often changes by roads rehabilitation work such as resurfacing of Pavement and rutting However, it is difficult to measure 1,he changes of road geometry because or the high cost and the safety problem. If the measurement of superelevation using GPS-INS integrated system is used instead of existing conventional surveying method, the superelevation of road is expected to be measured accurately(under 0.4% RMSE) just by driving without interfering the traffic Therefore, the application of the GPS-INS integrated system is expected to be useful tool for measuring the superelevation of the roads.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.37 no.5_3
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• pp.1349-1359
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• 2021

Acquisition of precise position and velocity information of GNSS-INS (Global Navigation Satellite System; Inertial Navigation System) sensors in obtaining SAR SLC (Single Look Complex) images from raw data using BPA (Backprojection Algorithm) was regarded decisive. Several studies on BPA were accompanied by Kalman Filter for sensor noise oppression, but often implemented once where insufficient information was given to determine whether the filtering was effectively applied. Multiple operation of Kalman Filter on GNSS-INS sensor was presented in order to assess the effective order of sensor noise calibration. FMCW (Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave)-SAR raw data was collected from twice airborne experiments whose GNSS-INS information was practically and repeatedly filtered via Kalman Filter. It was driven that the FMCW-SAR raw data with diverse path information could derive different order of Kalman Filter with optimum operation of BPA image restoration.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.72-78
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• 2007

Determination of the local vertical is not trivial for a moving vehicle and in general will require corrections for the Earth geophysical deflection. The vehicle's local vertical can be estimated by INS integration with initial alignment in SDINS(Strap Down INS) system. In general, the INS has drift error and it cause the performance degradation. In order to compensate the drift error, GPS/INS augmented system is widely used. And in the event that GPS is denied or unavailable, celestial navigation using star tracker can be a backup navigation system especially for the military purpose. In this celestial navigation system, the vehicle's position determination can be achieved using more than two star trackers, and the accuracy of position highly depends on accuracy of local vertical direction. Modern tilt sensors or accelerometers are sensitive to the direction of gravity to arc second(or better) precision. The local gravity provides the direction orthogonal to the geoid and, appropriately corrected, toward the center of the Earth. In this paper the relationship between direction of center of the Earth and actual gravity direction caused by geophysical deflection was analyzed by using precision orbit simulation program embedded the JGM-3 geoid model. And the result was verified and evaluated with mathematical gravity vector model derived from gravitational potential of the Earth. And also for application purpose, the performance variation of pure INS navigation system was analyzed by applying precise gravity model.