• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.15-33
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to categorize the decorative characteristics of the Rococo Age, which displays the most glamorous and elegant decorative beauty, in architecture, interior decorations, paintings, and patterns, and to analyze these characteristics and graft them onto art masks in a modern way. Piece I is a mixed media piece that based its motif on the ceilings and pulpits of the German Vis Pilgrimage Church, which is representative architecture of the Rococo Age. It was glamorously produced using gold and cubic zirconia. Piece II is also a mixed media piece that borrowed its motif from the exterior and gazebo of the Sanssouci Palace in Germany, another representative piece of architecture from the Rococo Age, and it was produced to clearly display the image of the Sanssouci Palace, using emerald and ivory. Piece III applies the furniture trends of the Rococo Age. Curves in S and C shapes, which can often be found in Chinese furniture, along with dark backgrounds, common in portrait paintings, were applied to give a sense of weight and dignity. Piece IV is an application of the fabric patterns of the Rococo Age. Continuous patterns of flowers and greenery stems were drawn on the mask to recreate the fabric patterns of the age. Piece V used the painting 'Swing' of the Rococo Age as its inspiration. Lace and ribbon decorations were used to emphasize feminine beauty and express the loveliness of the woman that appears in the painting. Piece VI borrows from the painting 'Madame de Pompadour' of the Rococo Age and the clothing worn by Pompadour. This piece grafted colors and themes through the painting and expressed a fusion of the dresses of Pompadour and lace that is clearly displayed in the architecture, paintings, clothing, interior decorations, and patterns of the Rococo Age, along with the rocaille (asymmetrically shaped decorations that resemble clams), flowers, leaves, stems, and Chinoiserie styles. These motifs clearly display the decorative characteristics of the age and these were grafted them onto art masks, confirming that it is possible to create new designs.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.383-388
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• 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the root canal morphology of mesial roots of mandibular first molars. Materials and Methods: Forty extracted mandibular first molars were used in this study. The morphological examination of root canals was conducted in accordance with the Vertucci classification using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Any aberrant root canal configurations not included in the Vertucci classification were recorded, and their frequency was established using descriptive statistics. Intra-observer reliability was assessed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, while inter-observer reliability was assessed using the Cohen kappa test. Significance was evaluated at the P<0.05 level. Results: The mesial roots of mandibular first molars had canal configurations of type I (15%), type II (7.5%), type III (25%), type IV (10%), type V (2.5%), type VI (7.5%), and type VII (7.5%). The images showed 10 (25%) additional configuration types that were not included in the Vertucci classification. These types were 1-3-2-3, 1-2-3-2-3, 2-3-1, 2-3, 1-2-3-1, 2-1-2-3, 3-2-1, 1-2-3-1, 2-3-2-3, and 1-2-1-2-1. The intra-observer differences were not statistically significant(P>0.05) and the kappa value for inter-observer agreement was found to be 0.957. Conclusion: Frequent variations were detected in mesial roots of mandibular first molars. Clinicians should take into consideration the complex structure of the root canal morphology before commencing root canal treatment procedures to prevent iatrogenic complications. Micro-CT was a highly suitable method to provide accurate 3-dimensional visualizations of root canal morphology.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.73-82
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• 2013

Objectives : Provides research basis on steaming processing method (SPM) as described in literatures 'Roegongpojaron', 'Pojadaebub', and 'Susajinam'. Methods : The following issues were considered for current investigation regarding herbal drugs: (i) categorizing SPM-applied drugs, (ii) protocols on the use of the supporting materials, (iii) kind of supporting materials, (iv) processing periods, (v) part of the herb plants, (vi) herbal efficacy, (vii) intrinsic properties and tastes of the herbal drugs, (viii) meridian tropism of the herbal drugs. Result : The number of herbal drugs was 70 species from 'Roegongpojaron', 73 from 'Pojadaebub', and 66 from 'Susajinam'. The abundance of supporting materials was in the order of alcohol, honey and tofu. The herbal parts of the roots, stem, fruit, and seed were most widely used. Based on herbal efficacy, a drug supplementing invigoration was used most, and a drug eliminating heat followed next. Based on four spirit features, herbs showing warm, cold, and mild features were used. In considering five tastes, herbs showing bitter and sweet tastes were used most. In considering meridian tropism, herbs converging to liver and kidneys were used, and drugs converging to 'Samcho, and gallbladder were not used. Conclusion : The present survey on SPM as described in 'Roegongpojaron', Pojadaebub', and 'Susajinam' indicates that there is a principal specialty on the use of supporting materials, steaming periods, steaming parts and efficacy.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.198-203
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• 2022

Purpose: To grasp public opinion accurately, we conducted an opinion poll on beliefs and attitudes toward physician-assisted suicide (PAS). Methods: A randomized telephone survey ensuring a representative sample was conducted, 1,007 participants aged 18 years or older (response rate, 9.5%). Results: The main results are as follows: i) 61.1% of participants thought that the current social support system for terminally ill patients and their families is insufficient; ii) 60% of participants did not recognize the term "hospice and palliative care"; iii) 81.7% of participants would not like to receive life-sustaining treatment if there is no possibility of recovery; iv) 58.4% of participants would like to receive hospice and palliative care if they are diagnosed with a terminal illness; v) the priorities for dignified dying were preparing a support system to reduce the burden of care (28.6%), economic support including reduction of medical expenses (26.7%), expansion of hospice and palliative care services (25.4%), and legalization of PAS (13.6%); and vi) 58.3% of participants agreed that the expansion of hospice and palliative care should precede the legalization of PAS. Conclusion: Koreans currently want other efforts, including expansion of hospice and palliative care services, instead of the legalization of PAS.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.354-360
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• 2023

Background The Island transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (TRAM) flap is well vascularized with very reliable blood flow, because all perforators of the zone I are included when it is harvested. The number of perforators, topographic mapping, and their relationship with reconstructed outcomes were investigated. Methods Fifty patients with Island TRAM breast reconstruction from September 2021 to August 2022 were investigated. The zone I was divided into a total of eight sections. Under the loupe magnification, all perforators larger than 0.5 mm in zone I were counted with fine dissection, and photographs were taken in background of vessel loops. Complications like flap necrosis, seroma, and hematoma were also investigated. Result There are 12 ideal perforators on average in zone I such as one perforator in section I, II, IV, V, VI, VIII, and three perforators in section III and VII. However, two perforators (M6 and L6) below arcuate line were sacrificed in the time of flap harvest to prevent hernia. Island TRAM included 10 perforators on average (5 perforators in each side) above arcuate line to be transferred to the recipient site. Only minor complications were identified. Conclusion The Island TRAM flap includes 10 perforators to get the vigorous blood flow. The periumbilical to upper medial perforators become more dominant in the perfusion of the flap after deep inferior epigastric artery division. Well preserved perforators will guarantee the satisfactory breast reconstruction with the least complication.

• Korea Trade Review
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.75-100
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• 2018

This study is designed to examine international export control norms, analyze current national export control system and identify the problems thereof, presenting several proposals for development in the system. The Republic of Korea, as a signatory of non-proliferation treaties and multilateral export control regimes, is obligated to comply with the international non-proliferation and export control norms, irregardless of hard or soft laws. Korea's export control system has been implemented in earnest since 2005; however, it contains serious problems in terms of the legal system and objectives of relevant laws and regulations, terms and definitions of the items subject to export controls, catch-all requirements, brokering license, response to the U.S. re-export controls, and so on. Proposals for development in the system include (i) enacting an independent law integrating the current dual-use items export control law and regulations, (ii) making use of the term of "strategic items" as a uniform terminology replacing 'goods etc.', 'strategic goods(inclusive of technology)', 'strategic goods, etc.', 'WMD, etc.' so as to preclude any possibility of misunderstanding, (iii) rewriting the catch-all control requirements, (iv) introducing registration system of brokering firms, (v) including provisions to comply with U.S. reexport controls, and (vi) providing stakeholder with correct and full information on export controls.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.23-35
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• 2023

Steel bolted joint is an important part of steel structure, and its damage directly affects the bearing capacity and durability of steel structure. Currently, the existing research mainly focuses on the identification of corroded bolts and corroded bolts respectively, and there are few studies on multiple states. A detection framework of corroded and loosened bolts is proposed in this study, and the innovations can be summarized as follows: (i) Vision Transformer (ViT) is introduced to replace the third and fourth C3 module of you-only-look-once version 5s (YOLOv5s) algorithm, which increases the attention weights of feature channels and the feature extraction capability. (ii) Three states of the steel bolts are considered, including corroded bolt, bolt missing and clean bolt. (iii) Line segment detector (LSD) is introduced for bolt rotation angle calculation, which realizes bolt looseness detection. The improved YOLOv5s model was validated on the dataset, and the mean average precision (mAP) was increased from 0.902 to 0.952. In terms of a lab-scale joint, the performance of the LSD algorithm and the Hough transform was compared from different perspective angles. The error value of bolt loosening angle of the LSD algorithm is controlled within 1.09%, less than 8.91% of the Hough transform. Furthermore, the proposed framework was applied to fullscale joints of a steel bridge in China. Synthetic images of loosened bolts were successfully identified and the multiple states were well detected. Therefore, the proposed framework can be alternative of monitoring steel bolted joints for management department.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.25-36
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• 2024

Purpose: Mucogingival defects (MGDs), such as dental root recessions, decreased vestibular depth, and absence of keratinized tissues, are commonly seen in dental clinics. MGDs may result in functional, aesthetic, and hygienic concerns. In these situations, autogenous soft tissue grafts are considered the gold-standard treatment. This study compares the healing process of free gingival grafts (FGGs) to bacterial cellulose matrix (BCM) and human acellular dermal matrix (ADM) seeded with fibroblasts from culture supplemented with platelet-rich plasma in a rat model. Methods: Surgical defects were made in rats, which received the following treatments in a randomized manner: group I, negative control (defect creation only); group II, positive control (FGG); group III, BCM; group IV, BCM + fibroblasts; group V, ADM; and group VI, ADM + fibroblasts. Clinical, histological, and immunological analyses were performed 15 days after grafting. Clinical examinations recorded epithelium regularity and the presence of ulcers, erythema, and/or edema. Results: The histological analysis revealed the degree of reepithelization, width, regularity, and presence of keratin. The Fisher exact statistical test was applied to the results (P<0.05). No groups showed ulcers except for group I. All groups had regular epithelium without erythema and without edema. Histologically, all groups exhibited regular epithelium with keratinization, and myofibroblasts were present in the connective tissue. The groups that received engineered grafts showed similar clinical and histological results to the FGG group. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, it was concluded that BCM and ADM can be used as cell scaffolds, with ADM yielding the best results. This study supports the use of this technical protocol in humans.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2024

The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRCT) is crucial for cytopathologists to use a standardized, category-based reporting system for thyroid fine needle aspirations and is effective for clear communication with the referring physicians. The new Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology, the third edition in 2023, provides several key updates. The most important update is the assignment of only single name for each of the six diagnostic categories: (I) nondiagnostic; (II) benign; (III) atypia of undetermined significance; (IV) follicular neoplasm; (V) suspicious for malignancy; and (VI) malignant. An implied risk of malignancy (ROM) for each of six categories has been updated based on extensively published data since the second edition of TBSRTC in 2017 and offers both an average ROM for each category and the expected range of cancer risk. Estimated final ROM after excluding "Noninvasive Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm with Papillary Like Nuclear Features (NIFTP)" for each of six categories has been updated based on the reported mean decreases in the ROM if excluding NIFTP. For atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) category, the subcategorization is simplified and more formalized into 2 subgroups, AUS-nuclear atypia or AUS-other, based on the implied ROM and molecular profiling. For the pediatric thyroid disease, pediatric ROMs and management algorithms are newly added for the same six reporting categories for this age group. New or revised disease nomenclatures including high-grade follicular-derived carcinoma has been updated according to the recently published 2022 World Health Organization Classification of Thyroid Neoplasms. Brand new two chapters are added including clinical perspectives and imaging studies (Chap. 13) and the use of molecular and other ancillary tests (Chap. 14). The atlas is updated with new images to illustrate more effectively for new disease entity and diagnostic criteria.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제51권
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• pp.5.1-5.7
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• 2021

The olfactory organs of two African lungfishes, Protopterus amphibius and P. dolloi, were investigated using a stereo microscope and a compound light microscope and were described anatomically, histologically, and histochemically. Like other lungfishes, these species present the following general features: i) elongated olfactory chamber (OC), ii) anterior nostril at the ventral tip of the upper lip, iii) posterior nostril on the palate of the oral cavity, iv) lamellae with multiple cell types such as olfactory receptor neurons, supporting cells, basal cells, lymphatic cells, and mucous cells (MC), and vi) vomero-like epithelial crypt (VEC) made of glandular epithelium (GE) and crypt sensory epithelium. Some of these features exhibit differences between species: MCs are abundant in both the lamellar and inner walls of the OC in P. amphibius but occur only in lamellae in P. dolloi. On the other hand, some between feature differences are consistent across species: the GE of both P. amphibius and P. dolloi is strongly positive for Alcian blue (pH 2.5)-periodic acid Schiff (deep violet coloration), and positive with hematoxylin and eosin and with Masson's trichrome (reddish-brown staining), unlike the MCs of the two species which stain dark red with both Alcian blue (pH 2.5)-periodic acid Schiff and Masson's trichrome but respond faintly to hematoxylin and eosin. The differing abundance of MCs in the two lungfishes might reflect different degrees in aerial exposure of the olfactory organ, while the neutral and acid mucopolysaccharide-containing VEC, as indicated by staining properties of the MCs, is evolutionary evidence that P. amphibius and P. dolloi are the closest living relatives to tetrapods, at least in the order Dipnoi.