• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.203-210
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• 2004

It has been reported that glomerulosclerosis mediated by the dysfunction of mesangial cells and insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are associated with the development of diabetic nephropathy. However, it is not yet known the effect of high glucose on IGF-I, -II secretion, IGF-I receptor, and IGFBPs expression in the mesangial cells. Thus, this study was conducted to examine the effect of high glucose on IGF system and its involvement of protein kinase C (PKC) and oxidative stress in mesangial cells. In this study, high glucose (25 mM) increased IGF-I and IGF-II secretion and mRNA expression (P<0.05), which was blocked by PKC inhibitor (staurosporine, 10/sup -8/ M) and antioxidant (N-acetyl cystein, 10/sup -5/ M). High glucose decreased IGFBP-1 and -2 expression but increased IGFBP-5 expression. These alteration of IGFBPs by high glucose was also prevented by staurosporine and NAC, suggesting the role of PKC and oxidative stress. Indeed, high glucose increased PKC activity. Furthermore, high glucose-induced increase of lipid peroxide (LPO) formation was blocked by PKC inhibitors. In conclusion, high glucose alters IGF system via PKC-oxidative pathways in mesangial cells.

• 한국가금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가금학회 2006년도 제23차 정기총회 및 학술발표회
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• pp.17-27
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• 2006

The effects of dietary betaine on performance, blood compositions, hepatic amino acid concentrations and hormonal secretions were examined in laying hens. Egg production was significantly higher in birds fed the 16.5 % protein diet compared to those fed 14.5 % protein diet(p<0.05), whereas dietary supplementation of betaine did not show any significant effect. The high level of protein and betaine supplementation significantly improved egg weight, egg mass and feed conversion(p<0.05), while eggshell breaking strength, eggshell thickness and Haugh unit were not influenced by betaine and dietary protein levels. Supplemental betaine did not affect serum total protein, albumin and BUN concentration. However, uric acid concentration significantly increased in 600 ppm betaine-fed groups(p<0.05). Concentrations of most hepatic amino acid were influenced by increased protein feeding and dietary betaine supplementation. Hormone studies recorded significantly higher serum and hepatocyte IGF-I concentration in 600 and 1,200 ppm betaine treatments(p<0.05) compared to those of control group. IGF-I mRNA gene expression of hepatocytes revealed statistically correlated increase in 600 and 1,200 ppm betaine-fed groups compared to the controls(p<0.05). Serum IGFBP-3 concentration was significantly elevated in 600 ppm betaine treatments. However, the secretion of IGFBP-1 in hepatocyte of laying hens fed with 600 and 1,200 ppm of betaine showed a significant decrease compared to the control group(p<0.05). Results of these study show that dietary betaine supplementation affects protein and hormone metabolism in laying hens.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.217-224
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• 2006

It has been reported that the dysfunctions of podocytes are associated with the development of diabetic nephropathy. In addition, insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are associated with the development of diabetic nephropathy. However, it is not yet known about the effect of high glucose on IGF-I, -II secretion, and IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) expression in the podocytes. Thus, this study was conducted to examine the effect of high glucose on IGF system and its involvement of protein kinase C (PKC) and mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in podocytes. In this study, high glucose (25 mM) increased IGF-I and IGF-II secretion (P<0.05), which was blocked by SB 203580 (a p38 MAPK inhibitor) but not by PD 98059 (a p44/42 MAPK inhibitor). In addition, high glucose-induced stimulation of IGFs was blocked by bisindolylmaleimide I and staurosporine (protein kinase C inhibitors). High glucose also increased IGFBP-l expression, which was blocked by bisindolylmaleimide I and SB 203580. In conclusion, high glucose alters IGFs secretion and IGFBP expression via PKC and p38 MAPK pathways in podocytes.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권7호
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• pp.1135-1141
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• 1999

A large number of investigations have shown that changes in nutritional condition affect endocrine status in avian species. Herein, recent findings including novel peptides discovered by the development of the techniques in the field of molecular biology have been reviewed. The insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I and IGF-II) found in chickens have been characterized and shown to be 70 and 66 amino acid polypeptides, respectively. Plasma IGF-I level is very responsive to nutrition, Le. varying dietary proteins and energy intakes, and food restriction. Plasma IGF-II concentration is altered by nutritional deprivation to a much smaller extent than plasma IGF-I concentration. Almost all of the serum and tissue IGFs are found in a complex composed of IGF and IGF-binding protein (IGFBP). In the chicken plasma, the major IGFBP differs from that in mammalian plasma. The proglucagon mRNA encodes glucagon and two glucagon-like peptides (GLP-I and GLP-2). The intracerebroventricular administration of GLP-l strongly decreased food intake of chicks, and it was indicated that the inhibition of food intake by GLP-l was associated with neuropeptide Y, which is one of the neurotransmitters reported to enhance food intake.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2008

Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are thought to be multipotent cells, which are present in adult marrow, that can replicate as undifferentiated cells and that have the potential to differentiate to lineages of mesenchymal tissues, including bone, cartilage, fat, tenden, muscle, and marrow stroma. Cells that have the characteristics of human mesenchymal stem cells could be isolated from marrow aspirates of human and animals. This study was designed to identify and characterize genes specifically expressed by osteogenic supplements -treated cells by suppression subtractive hybridization(SSH) method. The results were as follows: 1. 2 genes were upregulated genes in osteogenic diffeentiation of hMSCs, which is further proved by Northern blot analysis. 2. IGFBP-2 has been identified playing an important role in bone formation. 3. HF1 was also upregulated during osteogenic differentiation, but its role in bone formation is not clear yet.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.685-690
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• 1999

The insulin like growth factors(IGFs) are bound to several binding proteins(IGFBPs) that appear to regulate IGF transfort, receptor binding, and its action. The concentrations of these peptides are regulated by quantity and nutritional quality of dietary proteins. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of two diets, which differed in their protein source, Carassius carassius(CC), Carassius carassius hot water extract(CCHE), for 4 weeks. Body weight was significantly increased in the CC group(74.14$\pm$12.00 to 266.31$\pm$36.62g; p<0.01). Likewise, IGF I concentration of CC group(101.76$\pm$15.90 ng/ml) was significantly higher than that of CCHE group(38.50$\pm$ 11.20ng/ml; p<0.05). By western immunoblot analysis, especially IGFBP 1, 2 levels are increased, whereas IGFBP 3 level was de creased in CCHE group. After extraction of browning material from each samples, the extractive was filtered and absorbance at 420nm was measured. The absorbance of CCHE group was significantly higher than that of CC group. These results suggest that IGF I can be employed as an index of protein metabolism, particulary as a simple index in the assessing the status of protein nutrition.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.198-204
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• 2007

목 적: 성조숙증에서 관찰된 최근의 연구 결과를 보면 사춘기 발육이 빠른 당시에는 신장이 커보일 수 있으나 결국 최종성인신장은 감소하게 된다. 이에 사춘기를 중단시킴으로써 최종 성인신장을 증가시킬 수 있을 것이라는 기대로 성선자극호르몬 방출호르몬 효능약제를 사용하여 골성숙의 기간을 연장하고자 하였다. 또한 조기 사춘기로 인하여 최종성인신장의 예후가 불량한 소아에서 성선자극호르몬 방출호르몬 효능약제 및 성장호르몬의 병합요법 효과를 성선자극호르몬 방출호르몬 효능약제 단독 사용 시의 효과와 비교하여 각각의 성장 촉진 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법: 역연령에 비하여 골연령이 증가되어 있으며 조기 사춘기를 보이는 여아를 대상으로 GnRHa 및 성장호르몬을 단기간 투여하였다. 제 1군은 triptorelin을 단독으로 4주에 한 번씩 근육주사하였고, 제 2군은 성장호르몬을 병합하여 치료하였다. 치료 기간은 약 1년이었으며 치료 시작시와 치료 후의 두 군간의 역연령, 골연령, 역연령과 골연령의 차이, 예측성인신장, 표적키, 표적키와 예측성인신장과의 차이, 혈청 IGF-1 및 IGFBP-3치를 비교하였다. 결 과: 치료 시작시 두 군 간의 골연령, 표적키, 예측성인신장, 예측성인신장과 표적키의 차이는 없었으나 골연령과 역연령의 차이 및 역연령은 유의한 차이를 보였다. 혈청 IGF-1 및 IGFBP-3값의 차이는 없었고 평균 치료기간은 $1.06{\pm}0.93$년이었다. 치료 후의 골연령과 역연령의 차이는 전체적으로 감소하였으며 두 군간에도 유의한 차이를 보였다. 치료 후의 예측성인신장은 치료전과 비교했을 때 모두 증가하여 단기간의 치료에도 효과가 있었으며 두 군 모두 의미 있는 값을 가지나 특히 성장호르몬을 같이 사용한 2군에서 더욱 큰 차이를 보여 병합요법의 성장촉진효과를 알 수 있었다. 표적키와 예측성인신장의 차이는 전체적으로 치료전보다 의미 있는 감소를 보였으며 두 군을 비교했을때 역시 2군에서 더욱 의미 있게 감소하였다. 혈청 IGF-1과 IGFBP-3는 GnRHa 사용 후에 성장호르몬-IGF 축이 억제되어 1군에서 모두 감소하였으나 성장호르몬을 병합한 2군에서는 모두 증가하였고 이때 통계적인 의미는 없었다. 결 론: 조기 사춘기로 인하여 역연령에 비해 골연령이 증가함으로써 성인신장에 나쁜 영향을 끼치는 경우에는 단기간의 GnRHa의 사용으로 사춘기의 빠른 진행을 억제하고 골성숙의 기간을 연장시킴으로써 예측성인신장을 증가시킬 수 있다. 또한 성장호르몬 병합요법으로 예측성인신장이 표적키에 도달하는데 있어 GnRHa 만으로 성장호르몬-IGF 축이 억제된 경우보다 성장촉진 효과를 나타낸다. 그러나 이는 단기간 사용 시의 치료효과이므로 최종성인신장의 비교를 위해서는 향후 장기적인 추적관찰이 필요하다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.550-555
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• 2001

조피볼락을 실험어로 하여 사료 단백질의 함량과 단백질원을 달리하여 공급한 후 동물의 성장인자 중 하나인 Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I)과 IGFBP-3의 혈중농도를 검토하였다. 사료 단백질의 함량이 $50\%\sim60\%$ 급여군에서 성장이 좋았고, 혈액중 IGF-I 농도도 높게 나타났다. 그리고 콘글루텐과 우모분 보다 질적으로 우수한 어분, 대두박분, 육분을 첨가한 사료로 사육한 조피볼락의 혈액중 IGF-I과 IGFBP-3가 높은 것으로 나타났으므로, 어류 단백질 대사수준을 파악하는 지표로 활용이 가능하였다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제18권9호
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• pp.1230-1238
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• 2008

본 연구는 초등학교 아동들의 12주간 태권도 수련 프로그램이 신체 조성, 골밀도 및 성장 인자에 미치는 효과를 평가하여 비교 분석하고 태권도 수련이 성장기 아동들에게 미치는 영향을 규명하고자 하였다. 연구대상은 초등학교 12$\sim$13세 남자 5$\sim$6학년으로서 태권도 수련을 실시한 경험이 없는 학생들로, 실험 집단 12명과 통제 집단 12명, 총 24명으로 하였다. 12주간의 태권도 수련 프로그램은 박상갑 등[46]의 태권도 운동 프로그램을 수정 보완하여 운동 빈도는 주 5회, 운동시간은 총 70분을 실시한 결과, 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다.신체 조성에 있어서 체중과 체지방, BMI 요인은 양 집단간에 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.01). 그러나 체수분은 유의한 차이가 없었다. 골밀도에 있어서 요추 2번, 3번 요인은 양 집단간에 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 그러나 요추 4번은 유의한 차이가 없었다. 대퇴 경부, 대퇴 전자부 그리고 대퇴 삼각부 요인은 양 집단간에 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.05).성장 인자에 있어서 성장 호르몬, IGF-I, 그리고 IGFBP-III 요인은 양 집단 간에 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 이상의 결론을 종합해보면, 12주간의 태권도 수련 프로그램은 아동들의 신체 조성, 골밀도, 성장 인자에 긍정적인 영향을 미친 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 아동기의 체중 저항 부하 운동인 태권도 수련과 스트레칭 및 근력운동이 성장기에 있는 아동들의 효과적인 체지방과 골밀도, 성장 인자를 개선시켜 체력관리와 건강증진에 유용하게 적용시킬 수 있을 것이다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.1334-1341
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• 2007

This study identified hepatic differentially expressed genes (DEGs) affecting the marbling of muscle. Most dietary nutrients bypass the liver and produce plasma lipoproteins. These plasma lipoproteins transport free fatty acids to the target tissue, adipose tissue and muscle. We examined hepatic genes differentially expressed in a differential-display reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (ddRT-PCR) analysis comparing high- and low-marbled Hanwoo steers. Using 60 arbitrary primers, we found 13 candidate genes that were upregulated and five candidate genes that were downregulated in the livers of high-marbled Hanwoo steers compared to low-marbled individuals. A BLAST search for the 18 DEGs revealed that 14 were well characterized, while four were not annotated. We examined four DEGs: ATP synthase F0, complement component CD, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP3) and phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein (PEBP). Of these, only two genes (complement component CD and IGFBP3) were differentially expressed at p<0.05 between the livers of high- and low-marbled individuals. The mean mRNA levels of the PEBP and ATP synthase F0 genes did not differ significantly between the livers of high- and low-marbled individuals. Moreover, these DEGs showed very high inter-individual variation in expression. These informative DEGs were assigned to the bovine chromosome in a BLAST search of MS marker subsets and the bovine genome sequence. Genes related to energy metabolism (ATP synthase F0, ketohexokinase, electron-transfer flavoprotein-ubiquinone oxidoreductase and NADH hydrogenase) were assigned to BTA 1, 11, 17, and 22, respectively. Syntaxin, IGFBP3, decorin, the bax inhibitor gene and the PEBP gene were assigned to BTA 3, 4, 5, 5, and 17, respectively. In this study, the in silico physical maps provided information on the specific location of candidate genes associated with economic traits in cattle.