• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.490-503
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of science instruction using integrative educational model on academic achievement and scientific attitude in gifted classes on elementary science. Integrative educational model (hereafter referred as IEM) was developed by synthesizing the findings from brain research, the new physics, general systems theory, and educational psychology. 77 6th graders of B Metropolitan City's Elementary Gifted Education Center were took part in this study. The experimental group, consisting of 39 students, was applied to the instruction using IEM, while the comparison group, 38 students, was applied to instructor- led instruction. The results of this study were as follows: First, the science instruction using IEM had a positive effect on improving achievement in gifted classes on elementary science. Second, the science instruction using IEM had an influence on inquisitiveness and openness of the lower domains of learners' scientific attitude. Third, the science instruction using IEM had a positive response to learners' interest, comprehensibility about lesson contents, and ability to concentrate on classes.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.71-76
• /
• 2023

The electroconvection generated on the surface of an ion exchange membrane (IEM) is closely related to the electrical/chemical characteristics or topology of the IEM. In particular, when non-conductive regions are mixed on the surface of the IEM, it can have a great influence on the transfer of ions and the formation of nonlinear electroconvective vortices, so more theoretical and experimental studies are necessary. Here, we present a novel method for creating microscale non-conductive patterns on the IEM surface by laser ablation, and successfully visualize microscale vortices on the surface modified IEM. Microscale (~300 ㎛) patterns were fabricated by applying UV nanosecond laser processing to the non-conductive film, and were transferred to the surface of the IEM. In addition, UV nanosecond laser process parameters were investigated for obvious micro-pattern production, and operating conditions were optimized, such as minimizing the heat-affected zone. Through this study, we found that non-conductive patterns on the IEM surface could affect the generation and growth of electroconvective vortices. The experimental results provided in our study are expected to be a good reference for research related to the surface modification of IEMs, and are expected to be helpful for new engineering applications of electroconvective vortices using a non-conductive patterned IEM.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.575-581
• /
• 1995

Both immunoelectron microscopy(IEM) and immunogold conjugate immunoelectron microscopy (IGC-IEM) techniques were developed for the detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus(PEDV) from the feces. Fecal samples were incubated sequentially with anti-PEDV monoclonal antibody(MoAb) and immunogold conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG+IgM. Then negatively stained, mounted on the formvar carbon-coated copper EM grids and observed by the transmission electron microscope. By the direct electron microscopy(DEM), coronavirus particles were observed from 17 cases of total 33 fecal samples of grower pigs and sows. The virons of coronavirus were moderately pleomorphic but mostly spherical, with a diameter ranged from 90 to 190nm. PED virus particles were identified from 15 cases of 17 DEM positive samples by the IEM and IGC-IEM techniques. Aggregates of PED virus coated with specific antibody were seen in fecal samples incubated with homologous anti-PED virus MoAb but not in control samples incubated with anti-TGE virus MoAb. Following incubation with immunogold-conjugated secondary antibody, the gold granules were usually distributed around and among the virus particles and soluble and viral particle-associated antigen. So, IEM and IGC-IEM techniques were proved a rapid and sensitive methods for detection and identification of PED virus from fecal and intestinal contents.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2021

Among the various etiologies of cardiomyopathy, inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) is one of the underlying causes, especially in the pediatric population. The accurate identification of the IEM of cardiomyopathy may lead to better prognosis through disease-specific management. Therefore, clinicians should always keep in mind the possibility that IEM may be one of the underlying etiologies of cardiomyopathy, and carry out multi-systematic clinical approach to diagnosis of IEM. This review covers the pathophysiology, clinical presentations, typical laboratory findings, diagnosis, and proper treatment of each type of IEM-induced cardiomyopathy in pediatric patients to gain a deeper understanding of this subject.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.46-52
• /
• 2022

Inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) are very rare and genetically transmitted diseases and have man y different symptoms related with multisystemic involvement. More rarely, endocrinopathies can be an early and first symptom of IEM, but presents with signs of later complications in adolescent or adulthood. The mechanisms of endocrine dysfunction in IEM are poorly understood. Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism is common in hemochromatosis, adrenoleukodystrophy, galactosemia, and glycogen storage disease. Many girls with classic galactosemia are at high risk for premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), despite an early diagnosis and good control. Mitochondrial diseases are multisystem disorders and are characterized by hypo- and hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism, thyroid dysfunction and insulin dysregulation. Glycogen storage disorders (GSDs), especially type Ia, Ib, III, V are assocciated with frequent hypoglycemic events. IEM is a growing field and is not yet well recognized despite its consequences for growth, bone metabolism and fertility. For this reason, clinicians should be aware of these diagnoses and potential endocrine dysfunction.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.32 no.5 s.92
• /
• pp.478-484
• /
• 2006

There was no significant difference in the CADR (Clean Air Delivery Rate) between physical aerosols, NaCl and smoke, and biological aerosols, airborne MS2 virus and P. fluorescens, which implicate that the hybrid-type of air purifier, applying the unipolar ion emission and the radiant catalytic ionization, imposed identical reduction effect on both physical aerosol and bioaerosol. Ventilation decreases the efficiency of air cleaning by unipolar ionization because high ventilation diminishes the particle concentration reduction effect. The particle removal efficiency decreases with increase in the chamber volume because of the augmented ion diffusion and higher ion wall loss rate. Particle size affects the efficiency of air ionization. The efficiency is high for particles with very small diameter because reduction of charge increases with particle size. If there is no increasing supply of ions, the efficiency of air cleaning by unipolar ionization increases with respect to initial concentration of particles because of the large space charge effect at high particle concentration and amplified electric field.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
• /
• v.16 no.5
• /
• pp.1064-1073
• /
• 2020

The general situation of system composition and safety management of high-speed railway terminal is investigated and a comprehensive evaluation index system of operational security is established on the basis of railway laws and regulations and previous research results to evaluate the operational security management of the high-speed railway terminal objectively and scientifically. Index weight is determined by introducing interval eigenvalue method (IEM), which aims to reduce the dependence of judgment matrix on consistency test and improve judgment accuracy. Operational security status of a high-speed railway terminal in northwest China is analyzed using the traditional model of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, and a general technique idea and references for the operational security evaluation of the high-speed railway terminal are provided. IEM is introduced to determine the weight of each index, overcomes shortcomings of traditional analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method, and improves the accuracy and scientificity of the comprehensive evaluation. Risk factors, such as terrorist attacks, bad weather, and building fires, are intentionally avoided in the selection of evaluation indicators due to the complexity of risk factors in the operation of high-speed railway passenger stations and limitation of the length of the paper. However, such risk factors should be considered in the follow-up studies.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.75-81
• /
• 1999

HF purification performance of an ion exchange membrane(IEM) was evaluated with 0.5% HF spiked with 10ppb of Fe, Ni and Cu nitrates. The result show that after less than five turnovers through an IEM, the metallic impurity concentration drops below 1ppb. The decrease rate can be fitted to a model assuming the experimental tanks to be continuously stirred tank reaction and that the metallic impurity concentration after the IEM is a function of the single-pass purification efficiency of the membrane, the concentration before purification and the metals desorbed form the IEM. The Concentration after purification was investigated up to a cumulative Fe loading of 300ppb in the 23 liter recirculated loop. It increases linearly vs. cumulative loading and can be explained by the Langmuir theory resulting in a purification efficiency at the equilibrium of close to 99.5% in this loading regime.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
• /
• v.24 no.6
• /
• pp.518-527
• /
• 2021

Purpose: The incidence of hepatic steatosis among children has been increasing; however, data distinguishing simple steatosis from a more complex disorder are lacking. Methods: This study identified the etiologies resulting in hepatic steatosis through a retrospective review of pediatric liver biopsies performed in the last 10 years. A total of 158 patients with hepatic steatosis proven by histopathological evaluation were enrolled in the study, and baseline demographic features, anthropometric measurements, physical examination findings, laboratory data, ultrasonographic findings, and liver histopathologies were noted. Results: The two most common diagnoses were inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) (52.5%) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/steatohepatitis (NAFLD/NASH) (29.7%). The three most common diseases in the IEM group were glycogen storage disorders, Wilson's disease, and mitochondrial disease. The rates of consanguineous marriage (75.6%; odds ratio [OR], 26.040) and positive family history (26.5%; OR, 8.115) were significantly higher (p=0.002, p<0.001, respectively) in the IEM group than those in the NAFLD/NASH group. Younger age (p=0.001), normal anthropometric measurements (p=0.03), increased aspartate aminotransferase levels (p<0.001), triglyceride levels (p=0.001), and cholestatic biochemical parameters with disrupted liver function tests, as well as severe liver destruction of hepatic architecture, cholestasis, fibrosis, and nodule formation, were also common in the IEM group. Conclusion: Parents with consanguinity and positive family history, together with clinical and biochemical findings, may provide a high index of suspicion for IEM to distinguish primary steatosis from the consequence of a more complex disorder.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.13 no.9
• /
• pp.4502-4517
• /
• 2019

Tone Injection (TI) scheme significantly reduces the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of Multicarrier Modulation (MCM). However, the computational complexity of the TI scheme rises exponentially with the extra freedom constellation number. Therefore, a novel immune evolutionary mechanism-based TI scheme is proposed in this paper to reduce the computational complexity. By restraining undesirable degeneracy during the processing, this IEM scheme can dramatically increase the population fitness. Monte Carlo results show that proposed IEM-based TI scheme can achieve a significant PAPR and BER improvement with a low complexity.