• The Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.3-10
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 인체감전의 영향에 관한 국제표준으로서 전기적 안전요건을 설정하기 위해 사용하는 IEC 60479의 "인체감전의 생리학적 현상"에 대한 내용 중에서 일상생활에서 감전의 우려가 가장 큰 상용주파 교류에서의 감전보호에 관한 내용을 소개하고자 한다. 감전보호에 대해 IEC 60479와 함께 양대 표준이라 할 수 있는 IEEE 80의 감전보호를 위한 접지설계 개념과의 차이를 살펴 봄으로써 감전보호를 위한 접지설계에 참고가 되도록 하고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2016.07a
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• pp.353-354
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• 2016

본 논문은 IEC 60479 표준 "인체감전의 생리학적 현상"에 제시되어 있는 인체감전 현상에 대하여 교류환경과 직류환경에서 인체임피던스의 특성을 실험을 통하여 분석한다. 연구 결과, 적어도 상용주파수 이하에서는 IEC 60479 표준에서 제시하는 인체 임피던스 모델의 수정이 필요함을 발견하였다. 또한 도출된 실험 결과를 활용하여 직류 배전시스템의 TN 접지방식에서 인체 감전 및 설비 누전에 따른 사고에 대하여 구분동작이 가능한 직류전용 누설전류 검출(DC Residual Current Detection) 기법을 제안한다.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2015.07a
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• pp.1635-1636
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• 2015

인체감전보호의 기본안전사항을 규정하는 IEC 60479, IEC 61140은 KS표준으로 이미 도입되었다. 특히 IEC 60364는 KS표준뿐만 아니라 전기설비기술기준의 판단기준에도 도입하여 적용하고 있다. IEC 60364에서 규정하고 있는 감전에 대한 보호원칙은 IEC 60479, IEC 61140에서 규정하는 기본개념을 기초로 한 것으로써, 이 표준들 간에 보호개념의 친숙화가 필요하다.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.305-312
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• 2018

DC distribution systems has recently taken the spotlight. Concerns over human safety and stability facility are raised in DC distribution systems. Std. IEC 60479 provides basic guidance on "the effects of shock current on human beings and livestock" for use in the establishment of electrical safety requirements and suggests an electrical impedance of the human body. This study analyzes impedance spectrums based on the electrical equivalent impedance circuit for the human body; human body impedances measured by experiments are analyzed below the fundamental frequency (60 Hz). The analysis shows that the equivalent impedance circuit for the human body should be modified at least in low-frequency range below the fundamental frequency (60 Hz). The DC residual current detection method that can classify electric shock accidents of humans and electric leakages of facilities is proposed by applying the analysis result. The detection method is verified by experiments on livestock.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.254-259
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• 2016

Recently, DC distribution systems have become a hot issue because of the increase in digital loads and DC generation systems according to the expansion of renewable energy technologies. To obtain the practical usage of DC electricity, safety should be guaranteed. The main concerns for safety are twofold: one side is human protection against electric shocks, and the other is facility protection from short faults. "Effects of current on human beings and livestock" (IEC 60479) defines a human body impedance model in electric shock conditions that consists of resistive components and capacitive components. Although the human body impedance model properly works in AC electricity, it does not well match with the electric shock behavior in DC electricity. In this study, the contradiction of the human body impedance model defined by IEC 60479 in case of DC electricity is shown through experiments for the human body. From the analysis of experimental results, a novel unified human body impedance model in electric shock conditions is proposed. This model consists of resistive components, capacitive components, and an inductance component. The proposed human impedance model matches well for AC and DC electricity environments in simulation and experiment.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2015.07a
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• pp.1629-1630
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• 2015

기술기준의 선진화 및 국제표준화가 요구됨에 따라 현행 기준과 규정 등에 국제표준(IEC)을 도입하여 적용하고 있다. 감전보호 관련 국제표준인 IEC 60364-4-41(감전에 대한 보호), IEC 60479(인체와 가축에 대한 전류의 영향), IEC 61140(감전보호), IEC 61201(규약 접촉 전압 한계의 이용)는 이미 국내에 도입되어 전기설비에 적용되고 있다. 감전보호 관련 국제표준(IEC)에서 이론적 개념과 실험데이터를 종합적으로 정리하여 설비에 적용할 수 있도록 규정을 하고 있는 표준이 IEC 60364-4-41이다. 이러한 IEC 60364-4-41은 국내표준과의 차이점 등으로 인해 현장에서 사용하는데 많은 어려움이 있다. 따라서 IEC 60364-4-41의 원활한 적용을 위해서는 이러한 문제점 및 해결책을 파악하고, 필요한 개선사항 등을 연구할 필요가 있다.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.810-818
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• 2011

This paper analyzed the suitability about the isolation performance criteria which was based on human impedance and effect of current in IEC 60479-1 on the safety of human being was examined. The method of evaluation by megger and DC voltmeter was analyzed. The differences of isolation performance according to design of high-voltage system were analyzed. The factors which affect the insulation performance were analyzed for HFCV, EV, HEV, etc. through analysis of the isolation performance evaluation method. Finally, design for improved isolation performance was proposed.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2015.07a
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• pp.77-78
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• 2015

본 논문은 직류와 교류 감전 조건에서 적용 가능한 통합 인체 임피던스 모델을 제시한다. 인체보호기술에 관련한 IEC 60479 인체 감전의 생리학적 현상에 제시되어 있는 직류에서의 인체감전 현상에 대하여 실험적으로 분석하고, 이를 기반으로 도출된 직류와 교류환경에서의 등가회로는 상반된 결과를 보였다. 따라서 직류 감전환경에 대해 좀 더 세밀한 모델링이 이루어져야 할 필요가 있다. 본 논문에서는 직류와 교류에서 모두 적용 가능한 통합 인체 임피던스 모델을 제시하고 제시하는 모델의 전기적 등가회로에 대한 타당성 검증을 위해 PSIM 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.167-183
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• 2010

This paper analyzes the backgrounds of the standards for protection against electric shock in Global Technical Regulations (GTR) of Fuel Cell Vehicle (FCV). Targets on research were high voltage criteria, safety current, isolation and grounding resistance, time limitation, energy, adequate clearance, and test procedure. Based on human impedance and effect of current in IEC 60479-1, safety of human was examined. Then, isolation and grounding circuit model of FCV were analyzed theoretically. The results give several suggestions: touch voltage less than 25V, AC energy less than 0.0813J, separation considering middle finger length, grounding resistance less than $0.2\Omega$, maximum AC ground voltage of 1V (rms), and isolation resistance between earth and electrical chassis. In MATLAB/Simulink environment, error characteristics of isolation resistance measurement procedure using internal DC sources were analyzed under variations of internal resistance of voltmeter and isolation resistance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.56-62
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• 2013

The occurrence of the ventricular fibrillation is directly dependent on the magnitude and duration of the current. The current which flows through the human body is proportional to the touch voltage applied across the body and is in inverse proportion to the impedances in the circuit. The circuit impedances consist of human body impedance, line impedance, equipment impedance, earth terminal impedance and impedance of shoes which a person put on. The impedance of shoes greatly affect the severity of the electric accidents. The human body impedances relevant to the contact areas, contact conditions, current paths and touch voltages are already determined in the IEC 60479-1. However, the impedance of shoes is ignored or substituted by a simple value because of the absence of the sufficient data. For example, the impedance of shoes plus ground contact resistance is postulated to be $1,000{\Omega}$ in the IEC 61200-612. In IEEE 80, the shoe resistance plus ground contact resistance is assumed to be bare foot with ${\rho}/4b{\Omega}$. In this paper, we measured and analyzed the impedance of shoes with respect to conditions such as applied weight, environment variables and voltages. The results showed that the impedance of shoes is dependent on environment variables regardless of the types of shoes. Most of shoes showed the correlation with the applied force, whereas a few shoes showed characteristics related to the applied voltage. In terms of severity of electric shock, one thirds of test samples indicated to be dangerous in saltwater conditions.