• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.16A no.5
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• pp.347-356
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• 2009

Precise branch prediction is a critical factor in the IPC Improvement of modern microprocessor architectures. In addition to the branch prediction accuracy, branch prediction delay have a profound impact on overall system performance as well. However, it tends to be overlooked when the architects design the branch predictor. To tolerate branch prediction delay, this paper proposes Early Start Prediction (ESP) technique. The proposed solution dynamically identifies the start instruction of basic block, called as Basic Block Start Address (BB_SA), and the solution uses BB_SA when predicting the branch direction, instead of branch instruction address itself. The performance of the proposed scheme can be further improved by combining short interval hiding technique between BB_SA and branch instruction. The simulation result shows that the proposed solution hides prediction latency, with providing same level of prediction accuracy compared to the conventional predictors. Furthermore, the combination with short interval hiding technique provides a substantial IPC improvement of up to 10.1%, and the IPC is actually same with ideal branch predictor, regardless of branch predictor configurations, such as clock frequency, delay model, and PHT size.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.675-693
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• 2003

In order to consider the modified seismic response of framed structures in the presence of masonry infills, proper models have to be formulated. Because of the complexity of the problem, a careful definition of a diagonal pin-jointed strut, able to represent the horizontal force-interstorey displacement cyclic law of the actual infill, may be a solution. In this connection the present paper shows a generalized criterion for the determination of the ideal cross-section of the strut mentioned before. The procedure is based on the equivalence between the lateral stiffness of the actual infilled frame scheme during the conventional elastic stage of the response and the lateral stiffness of the same frame stiffened by a strut at the same stage. Unlike the usual empirical approaches available in the literature, the proposed technique involves the axial stiffness of the columns of the frame more than their flexural stiffness. Further, the influence of the bidimensional behaviour of the infill is stressed and, consequently, the dependence of the dimensions of the equivalent pin-jointed strut on the Poisson ratio of the material constituting the infill is also shown. The proposed approach is extended to the case of infills with openings, which is very common in practical applications.

• Advances in Computational Design
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.107-119
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• 2017

The Micro circular diaphragm (MCD) is the mechanical actuator part used in the micro electro-mechanical sensors (MEMS) that combine electrical and mechanical components. These actuators are working under harsh mechanical and thermal conditions, so it is very important to study the mechanical and thermal behaviors of these actuators, in order to do with its function successfully. The objective of this paper is to determine the thermo-mechanical behavior of MCD by developing the traditional bulge test technique to achieve the aims of this work. The specimen is first pre-stressed to ensure that is no initial deflection before applied the loads on diaphragm and then clamped between two plates, a differential pressure (P) and temperature ($T_b$) is leading to a deformation of the MCD. Analytical formulation of developed bulge test technique for MCD thermo-mechanical characterization was established with taking in-to account effect of the residual strength from pre-stressed loading. These makes the plane-strain bulge test ideal for studying the mechanical and thermal behavior of diaphragm in both the elastic and plastic regimes. The differential specimen thickness due to bulge effect to describe the mechanical behavior, and the temperature effect on the MCD material properties to study the thermal behavior under deformation were discussed. A finite element model (FEM) can be extended to apply for investigating the reliability of the proposed bulge test of MCD and compare between the FEM results and another one from analytical calculus. The results show that, the good convergence between the finite element model and analytical model.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.41 no.11
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• pp.1639-1644
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• 2016

In this paper, we consider the performance improvement that can be obtained with interference alignment (IA) technique applied to 802.11ac based multi-BSS WiFi service. To this end, we developed a system simulator consisting of a link-level PHY simulator, based on 802.11ac specification, and multi-BSS proportional-fair scheduler. Specifically, assuming perfect channel side information and synchronization of signals from multiple APs, we used a SLNR based interference alignment algorithm proposed in [13] and compared its performance with that of multiuser beamforming based time-sharing system. The performance was evaluated in terms of average throughput per BSS and 5% worst user throughput. The results show that 70 to 100% throughput gain can be obtained in this ideal scenario.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.25-28
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• 2012

Paint Spray is developed as a direct sampling ionisation method for mass spectrometric analysis of additives in polymer-based surface coatings. The technique simply involves applying an external high voltage (5 kV) to the wetted sample placed in front of the mass spectrometer inlet and represents a much simpler ionisation technique compared to those currently available. The capabilities of Paint Spray are demonstrated herein with the detection of four commercially available hindered amine light stabilisers; TINUVIN${(R)}$770, TINUVIN${(R)}$292, TINUVIN${(R)}$123 and TINUVIN${(R)}$152 directly from thermoset polyester-based coil coatings. Paint Spray requires no sample preparation or pre-treatment and combined with its simplicity requiring no specialised equipment makes it ideal for use by non-specialists. The application of Paint Spray for industrial use has significant potential as sample collection from a coil coating production line and Paint Spray ionisation could enable fast quality control screening at high sensitivity.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.528-534
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• 2020

Split-thickness skin grafting (STSG) is the gold standard for coverage of acute burns and reconstructive wounds. However, the choice of the donor site for STSG varies among surgeons, and the scalp represents a relatively under-utilized donor site. Understanding the validity of potential risks will assist in optimizing wound management. A comprehensive literature search was conducted of the PubMed database to identify studies evaluating scalp skin grafting in human subjects published between January 1, 1964 and December 31, 2019. Data were collected on early and late complications at the scalp donor site. In total, 27 articles comparing scalp donor site complications were included. The selected studies included analyses of acute burn patients only (21 of 27 articles), mean total body surface area (20 of 27), age distribution (22 of 27), sex (12 of 27), ethnicity (5 of 27), tumescent technique (21 of 27), depth setting of the dermatome (24 of 27), number of harvests (20 of 27), mean days of epithelization (18 of 27), and early and late complications (27 of 27). The total rate of early complications was 3.82% (117 of 3,062 patients). The total rate of late complications was 5.19% (159 of 3,062 patients). The literature on scalp skin grafting has not yet identified an ideal surgical technique for preventing donor site complications. Although scalp skin grafting provided superior outcomes with fewer donor site complications, there continues to be a lack of standardization. The use of scalp donor sites for STSG can prevent early and late complications if proper surgical planning, procedures, and postoperative care are performed.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.128-139
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to review the literatures of experimental tracheal reconstruction. Although there have been significant advancements in the surgical treatment of the long circumferential tracheal injuries, there still has been a difficult problem with high morbidity and mortality. The method for tracheal reconstruction after circumferential resection is preferred end-to-end anastomosis for defects up to 6 cm in length, but larger tracheal defects require the use of tracheal allograft, various artificial prosthesis or autogenous organs. The tracheal allotransplantation has been widely used as there was significantly improved the method of surgical technique, preservation and immunosuppression. But it has been limited by a number of factors such as few donor, limited use of immunosuppressant, delayed revascularization and re-epitheliazation. Experimental studies on the tracheal prosthesis have a long history and they tried to use silicone, polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene mesh, Dacron, Marlex mesh, external or internal stents. Other experimental studies were reported the use of autogenous tissues that were cartilage. jejunum, aorta, skin, muscle, periostium or esophagus. But a great variety of these protheses have been resulted unsatisfactory in a significant Proportion of cases. Alternatively, the tissue-engineering technique has showed a new approach to reconstruct trachea and much progress in tissue-engineering bas been made recently. In conclusion, although the tracheal allotransplantation and the use of prosthesis and allograft have been reported a lot of limitation to overcome, we could sooner expect good result of ideal tracheal prosthesis.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.88-94
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• 2008

In this paper, a design method of a missile guidance command is presented considering the dynamics of missile control systems. The design of a new guidance command is based on the well-known PNG(propotional navigation guidance) laws. The missile control system dynamics cause the time-delays of the PN guidance command and degrade the performance of original guidance laws which are designed under the assumption of the ideal missile control systems. Using a backstepping method, these time-delay effects can be compensated. In order to implement the guidance command developed by the backstepping procedure, it is required to measure or calculate the successive time-derivatives of the original guidance command, PNG and other kinematic variables such as the relative distance. Instead of directly using the measurements of these variables and their successive derivatives, a simple disturbance observer technique is employed to estimate a guidance command described by them. Using Lyapunov method, the performance of a newly developed guidance command is analyzed against a target maneuvering with a bounded and time-varying acceleration.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.43-45
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• 2006

Unlike RNA interference, whose usage is limited to eukaryotic cells, Peptide Nucleic Acid (PNA) technique is applicable to both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. PNA has been proven to be an effective agent for blocking gene expressions and has several advantages over other antisense techniques. Here we developed a parallel computing software that provides the ideal sequences to design PNA oligos to prevent any off-target effects. We applied a new approach in our location-finding algorithm that finds a target gene from the whole genome sequence. Message Passing Interface (MPI) was used to perform parallel computing in order to reduce the calculation time. The software will help biologists design more accurate and effective antisense PNA by minimizing the chance of off-target effects.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.35 no.12
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• pp.1440-1453
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• 2011

Proper consumer segmentation is receiving more attention from industry professionals as markets become more diverse and consumer-centered. Researchers have recognized the limitations of the traditional cluster analysis technique and this research study analyzes market segmentation using Mixture-model or latent-class segmentation. This study used a questionnaire to determine the characteristics of clothing shoppers using a new technique that proved its superiority over traditional techniques. Questions included items measuring fashion shopping behavior, store choice criteria, apparel consumption styles, price perception by product type, and demographic characteristics. Data were collected from 1074 males and females in their 20s and 30s through an online survey. SPSS 16.0 and Latent GOLD 4.0 were used to analyze the data. The ideal typology of clothing shoppers using the Mixture-model were: 'brand loyalty orientated group', 'group of conservative late 30s', 'group of pleasure-emotion early 20s', 'value oriented consumer product with high-income group', 'group of eco/symbol oriented consumer', and 'group of utility/goal oriented male consumer'. This study showed differences in fashion product purchasing behavior by conducting market segmentation for clothing shoppers using the Mixture-model.