• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.4013-4016
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• 2012

Purpose: Breast cancer is the commonest malignancy of females throughout the world with one million new cases each year. In Pakistan, the burden of breast cancer disease is high with late stage presentation being a common feature, more than half being stage III or stage IV. The objective of this study was to study various aspects, patterns and risk factors in breast cancer patients of Balochistan. Method: Present study was performed on 134 patients of breast cancer who were registered in CENAR. The patients were interviewed by providing a questionnaire. Informed consent was taken from all the patients who took part in this study after explanation of the study aims. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated andbiopsy reports were obtained from patients files. All the cases were classified with respect to age, gender, ethnic group (Baloch, Pashtoon, Punjabi, Afghani, Hazara) BMI, cancer type, cancer grade, hormonal status, side of the cancer, fertility and marital status. Results: Out of 134 patients, the most common ethnic group was Pashtoon with a total of 42 and the common age group was 41-50 years with a total of 51. Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) was the most common type, accounting for in 128 patients (95.5%) followed by invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC). Conclusion: Pashtoon was the most common ethnic group, IDC was common type and most of the patients had an ER/PR positive hormonal status.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.4463-4467
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• 2016

Purpose: To review the impact of using intra-operative ultrasound guided breast conserving surgery with frozen sections on final pathological margin outcome with the current guidelines set forth by the Society of Surgical Oncology (SSO) and the American Society of Surgical Oncology (ASTRO). Materials and Methods: A retrospective review including all cases of intra-operative ultrasound guided breast conserving surgery was performed at the National Cancer Institute Thailand between 2013 and 2016. Patient demographics, tumor variables, intraoperative frozen section and final pathological margin outcomes were collected. Factors for positive or close margins were analyzed. Results: A total of 86 patients aged between 27 and 75 years with intra-operative ultrasound guided breast conserving surgery were included. Three cases (3.5%) of positive margin were detected by intra-operative frozen section and 4 cases (4.7%) by final pathology reports. There were 18 cases (20.9%) with a close margin (<1 mm). Factors affecting this result comprised multi-foci, presence of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) combined with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC). Conclusions: With the current SSO/ASTRO for adequate margin guidelines, using intra-operative ultrasound to locate the boundary for resection with breast conserving surgery provided a high success rate in obtaining final pathology free margin outcomes and minimizing re-operation risks especially when combined with intra-operative frozen section assessment. The chance of finding positive or close margins appears higher in cases of IDC combined with DCIS, ILC and with multi-foci cancers.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.8
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• pp.15-22
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• 2020

The 4th industrial revolution and the rapid change in the data environment revealed technical limitations in the existing relational database(RDB). As a new analysis method for unstructured data in all fields such as IDC/finance/insurance, interest in graph database(GDB) technology is increasing. The graph database is an efficient technique for expressing interlocked data and analyzing associations in a wide range of networks. This study extended the existing RDB to the GDB model and applied machine learning algorithms (pattern recognition, clustering, path distance, core extraction) to detect new abnormal signs. As a result of the performance analysis, it was confirmed that the performance of abnormal behavior(about 180 times or more) was greatly improved, and that it was possible to extract an abnormal symptom pattern after 5 steps that could not be analyzed by RDB.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.1790-1802
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• 1997

A wavelet transform coding method that fulfills the requirements of HD-VCR(high definition video casstte recorder) for studio applications in proposed. A constant bit rate is achieved by a forward rate control technique whcih determins the quantizer stepsize based on the coding results fo the previous frame. We also propose a two-level coder that consists of both the IDC(independently decodable code) and the DDC(dependently decodable code). To minimize error propagation, the transformed coefficients are restructured into transform blocks which are represented by a tree structure. The result shows thta the proposed coding scheme produces better picture quality with block effects than that of DCT(discrete cosine transform) based coding schemes at the same compression ratio. The proposed method meets most of the requirements of HD-VCR.

• Archives of design research
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• no.16
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• pp.17-25
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• 1996

, \l!ernatives in multi dimensional decision prohlems generally possess numerous attrihutes by which they can be describ('d and compared, The ('\';dllation factors include all attributes that have Ic\'(']s specified by quantitative and qualitativc objectil'l'S, Howev'('f since qualitative factors arc difficul! to quantify as num('ral estimates, these factors have tended to bl' ignored without regard for their importance to human contrnl. In this study, the author adapted :j ('va]uation methods with critrria which have qualitative and qualitative attributes: the Intuitive Evaluation ~1cthods the Accumulativc' Evaluation Model the Benchmarking Evaluation Methods, and studied the corrC'iation between them, The results show that Ill(' :j Mrthods have reciprocal relationships under reliability (r=O, (XX)]] In order to removl' obstacles of desi!;n ev'aluation ( lots of timl' l'llnsumption, constr;lints of placc" difficulties of hu!;!' data procc'ssin!;), it is necessary to be developed a new ('va]uation syst('rn which could prov'idc' effective rat in!; of desi!;n v'alm's 10 make value judw'rnents, , \l!ernatives in multi dimensional decision prohlems generally possess numerous attrihutes by which they can be describ('d and compared, The ('\';dllation factors include all attributes that have Ic\'(']s specified by quantitative and qualitativc objectil'l'S, Howev'('f since qualitative factors arc difficul! to quantify as num('ral estimates, these factors have tended to bl' ignored without regard for their importance to human contrnl. In this study, the author adapted :j ('va]uation methods with critrria which have qualitative and qualitative attributes: the Intuitive Evaluation ~1cthods the Accumulativc' Evaluation Model the Benchmarking Evaluation Methods, and studied the corrC'iation between them, The results show that Ill(' :j Mrthods have reciprocal relationships under reliability (r=O, (XX)]] In order to removl' obstacles of desi!;n ev'aluation ( lots of timl' l'llnsumption, constr;lints of placc" difficulties of hu!;!' data procc'ssin!;), it is necessary to be developed a new ('va]uation syst('rn which could prov'idc' effective rat in!; of desi!;n v'alm's 10 make value judw'rnents,alm's 10 make value judw'rnents,

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.97-110
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• 2019

Recently, the 4th Industrial Revolution has been emerged and various products are developed and commercialized in preparation of the communication failure. Many solutions are underway in Back-Up Network for IDC Servers, but not in the personal or sensor for low-power system use. Therefore we used the OpenWRT Firmware in Raspberry Pi which can be easily obtained in online market, and it created a low-power load balancer. Therefore, we developed the device that uses LTE Antenna based on USB Interface for communication fault notification and important data. The equipment used in this paper is easy to buy in online shop for anyone. Also, it can be applied in other vendors' boards by using USB. We hope that this paper will contribute to the stability of individual sensor networks.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2021.10a
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• pp.578-579
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• 2021

According to a survey on the infringement of SMEs, the level of technology protection capability is improving every year, but technology leaks and damage continue to occur. This shows that there is a need for a security management and supervision system that can strengthen the security awareness of SME executives and employees and maintain the security level continuously. The Personal Information & Information Security Management System(ISMS-P) authentication systems is the latest related standard, which has the problem of applying the same certification criteria without considering the types of certification target organizations such as ISPs, IDC, hospitals and schools, and SMEs.. In this paper, 73 evaluation items that can be specialized and applied to SMEs were derived by referring to ISMS-P certification and Personal Information Protection Management System (PIMS) certification. The results of the study show that the number of evaluation items decreased by 28.4% compared to the existing ISMS-P certification.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.356-361
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• 2014

This paper proposes hardware architecture of HEVC (high efficiency video coding) CABAC (context-based adaptive binary arithmetic coding) binarizer. The proposed binarizer was designed and implemented as an independent module that can be integrated into HEVC CABAC encoder. It generates each bin string of each syntax element in a single cycle. It consists of controller module, TU (truncated unary binarization) module, TR (truncated Rice binarization) module, FL (fixed length binarization) module, EGK (k-th order exp-Golomb coding) module, CALR (coeff_abs_level_remaining) module, QP Delta (cu_qp_delta_abs) module, Intra Pred (intra_chroma_pred_mode) module, Inter Pred (inter_pred_idc) module, and Part Mode (part_mode) module. The proposed binarizer was designed in Verilog HDL, and it was implemented in 45 nm technology. Its operating speed, gate count, and power consumption are 200 MHz, 1,678 gates, and 50 uW, respectively.

• Review of KIISC
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.27-35
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• 2017

온라인 게임 산업은 다양한 경험을 제공할 수 있는 새로운 가치를 창출하며 지속적으로 성장해왔으며, 현재 상당한 규모의 시장을 형성하고 있다. 그러나 게임회사들이 개발단계 및 서비스 운영단계에서 기술적 보호조치를 충분히 하지 못하여 게임클라이언트가 리버스엔지니어링으로 분석당하거나, 취약한 통신설계로 인하여 네트워크 단에서의 패킷 구조가 분석당하거나, 게임회사 내부 또는 IDC로 해커가 침입하여 서버프로그램 바이너리 및 소스코드를 탈취당할 수 있다. 이러한 공격이 가능할 경우 불법 사설 서버가 만들어져 운영되어 온라인게임회사의 이미지에 타격을 주거나 영업상 손실을 유발할 수 있게 된다. 각 게임회사 및 정부에서는 불법 사설 서버를 탐지하고 차단하기 위해 많은 노력을 기울이고 있지만, 점차 사설 서버가 음성적으로 운영되어 차단이 어려우며, 특히 해외에서 운영되는 경우 특별한 대안이 없는 실정이다. 본 논문에서는 현재 게임 산업을 저해하는 불법 프로그램 및 불법 사설 서버의 운영 실태를 파악하고, 이에 대한 심각성을 논의하고자 한다.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.57-68
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• 2007

플라스틱 전자 소자(plastic electronics) 기술은 저가격의 프린팅 공정이 가능한 플라스틱 소재를 이용하여 초경량 초박형의 깨지지 않는 전자 소자를 제작하는 기술로서, 차세대 유비쿼터스 IT 기기 구현에 적합한 차세대 반도체(post-Si 반도체) 기술로 MIT 공대 선정 10대 유망 기술 및 IDC의 10년 내 세상을 바꿀 9가지 신기술로 선정될 정도로 IT 융합부품 기술 분야의 차세대 유망 기술로 크게 각광 받고 있다. 현재는 플라스틱 전자 소자는 Si 기반 전자 소자의 보완적인 기능에 머무르고 있으나, 플라스틱 소재/소자/공정의 개발이 진행됨에 따라 응용 분야가 점차 확대되고 있다. 본 기고문에서는 대표적인 플라스틱 전자 소자인 유기 박막 트랜지스터(OTFT)의 주요 응용 분야로 플렉시블 디스플레이, 플라스틱 센서, 그리고 플라스틱 RFID 기술을 중심으로 기술 개발 연구 동향 및 시장 전망에 대해 기술하였다.