• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.578-584
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• 2021

In this study, we investigated the potential of 70% ethanol extracts from wild edible plants (Pueraria lobata sprout, Rosa multiflora sprout, Artemisia princeps leaf, Diospyros kaki leaf, Morus alba leaf, Robinia pseudoacacia flower, Inula britannica var. japonica flower), as natural antioxidants. The antioxidant contents and activities of extracts were examined using various methods. The measurements of total polyphenol content revealed that Rosa multiflora sprout extract had the highest value and total flavonoid content showed that Diospyros kaki leaf extract had the highest value. Antioxidant activities were the highest in Rosa multiflora sprout for DPPH (IC₅₀ 232.52 ㎍/mL), ABTS⁺ (IC₅₀ 470.10 ㎍/mL), superoxide^- (IC₅₀ 431.88 ㎍/mL), nitrite (IC₅₀ 363.38 ㎍/mL) scavenging activity, and reducing power (2.47 O.D.). These results suggest that the ethanolic extract of Rosa multiflora sprout is a potential source of natural antioxidants.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.202-206
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• 2001

The effects of various sedative cyclopeptides and peptide alkaloids from the Zizyphus species on calmodulin-dependent $Ca^{2+}$ -ATPase and phosphodiesterase were Investigated. Calmodulin-induced activation of $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase was strongly inhibited by sanjoinine-A dialdehyde (IC_{50}$, 2.3$\mu\textrm{m}$), -Ah1 (IC_{50}$, 4.0$\mu\textrm{m}$), -A (IC, 4.6$\mu\textrm{m}$), and -G2 (IC_{50}$, 7.2$\mu\textrm{m}$), while calmodulin-induced activation of phosphodiesterase was strongly inhibited by both deachuine- S10 (IC_{50}$, 4.9$\mu\textrm{m}$) and sanjoinine-D (IC_{50}$, 9.0$\mu\textrm{m}$). The inhibitory activity of the various cyclopeptides and peptide alkaloids on $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase was found to correlate well with their Sedative activity.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.153-157
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• 2015

In this study, we investigated the applicability of functional materials by examining a variety of physiological activities with the extract of Cleyera japonica leaf. Cleyera japonica extract showed a low cytotoxicity against murine melanoma B16F10 cells. In little or no cytotoxicity at concentrations, we showed that the treatment with Cleyera japonica extract resulted in a significant increase in the DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC₅₀, 22.90 ㎎/L), similar to ascorbic acid (IC₅₀, 18.65 ㎎/L) and anti-microbial activities against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. In particular, anti-microbial activities against Gram-positive bacteria was high. These results suggest that Cleyera japonica extract could be used as a natural preservative. Additionally, Cleyera japonica extract showed the inhibition of tyrosinase activity (IC₅₀, 178.90 ㎎/L), similar to kojic acid (IC₅₀, 89.13 ㎎/L) and decreased melanin content (IC₅₀, 101.90 ㎎/L) higher than the control arbutin level (IC₅₀, 100.65 ㎎/L), especially. Therefore, these results indicate that Cleyera japonica extract may be an effective material for functional cosmetics such as skin whitening materials.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.110-112
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• 1995

A LOGIT transformation is a method to estimate IC50 values with two arbitrary concentration data when complete dose response curves(DRCs) are not available. We propose a modified LOGIT transformation (MLOGIT) which predicts IC50 values more accurately than the conventional LOGIT method.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.184-191
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• 2012

The aim of this study was to explore the potent phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE %) inhibitor from various herbal medicines for erectile dysfunctions. In this study, 61 herbal medicines, which were extracted with ethanol, have been investigated with PDE 5 assay using enzyme inhibitory activity on 22 species of herbal medicines. Of these, 5 species of herbal medicines, Cnidium monieri, Cuscuta chinensis, Epimedium koreanum, Morinda officinalis, and Tribulus terrestris were exhibited stronger inhibitory effect against phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE 5) among 61 species; Cnidium monieri ($IC_{50}=33.7{\mu}g/ml$), Cuscuta chinensis ($IC_{50}=65.7{\mu}g/ml$), Epimedium koreanum ($IC_{50}=90.3{\mu}g/ml$), Morinda officinalis ($IC_{50}=48.7{\mu}g/ml$) and Tribulus terrestris ($IC_{50}=32.5{\mu}g/ml$).

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.250-259
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• 2015

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have been implicated in diabetic complications. In this study, the inhibitory effect on AGEs formation of 156 Korean herbal medicines has been evaluated. Among them, 15 Korean herbal medicines were showed to have significant effect (IC₅₀: <10 μg/ml) compared to positive reference, aminoguandine (IC₅₀: 76.47±4.81 μg/ml). Especially, four herbal medicines, Alnus firma (leaves, IC₅₀: 3.25±0.10 μg/ml), Juncus decipiens (whole plants, IC₅₀: 4.30±0.44 μg/ml), Smilax china (stems, IC₅₀: 3.55±0.21 μg/ml), and Vicia amoena (Aerial parts, IC₅₀: 4.25±0.06 μg/ml) showed more potent inhibitory activity approximately 8-24 fold) than the positive control aminoguanidine.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.80-82
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• 2003

Since reactive oxygen radicals play an important role in carcinogenesis and other human diseases including neurodegenerative states, antioxidants present in natural products have received considerable attention for alleviation of these disease states. Therefore, in order io identify antioxidants in plant extracts, fifty-seven methanolic extracts derided from indigenous Korean plants were primarily assessed for potential to scavenge stable 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals. As a result, nine plant extracts were found to exhibit the DPPH free radical scavenging activity in the criteria of $IC_{50}<40\;{\mu}g/ml$. In particular, the extracts of Melioma oldhami $(IC_{50}=0.1\;{\mu}g/ml)$, Myrica rubra $(IC_{50}=16.2\;{\mu}g/ml)$, Sympolocos paniculata $(IC_{50}=23.0\;{\mu}g/ml)$, Carpinus laxiflora $(IC_{50}=25.1\;{\mu}g/ml)$, and Cleyera japonica $(IC_{50}=26.2\;{\mu}g/ml)$ showed a potent radical scavenging activity. Further study for the identification of active compounds from these lead extracts might be warranted.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.1060-1063
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• 2007

The antioxidative activity of Alpinia oxyphylla was investigated through measuring the radical scavenging effect on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and inhibitory activity for linoleic acid peroxidation. Two antioxidative diarylheptanoids, yakuchinone A (1) and oxyphyllacinol (2), were isolated from the fruits of A. oxyphylla using thin layer chromatography (TLC) autographic assays. The DPPH scavenging activities of the compounds ($IC_{50}=1$, $57{\pm}2.1\;{\mu}M$; 2, $89{\pm}3.1\;{\mu}M$) were lower than vitamin C ($IC_{50}=51{\pm}1.1\;{\mu}M$), but higher than butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT, $IC_{50}=99{\pm}2.2\;{\mu}M$). Also, inhibitory activities for linoleic acid peroxidation of the compounds ($IC_{50}=1$, $0.19{\pm}0.011\;mM$; 2, $0.31{\pm}0.009\;mM$) were higher than those of vitamin C ($IC_{50}=0.59{\pm}0.017\;mM$) and BHT ($IC_{50}=0.52{\pm}0.014\;mM$). In addition the $^{13}C-NMR$ data of oxyphyllacinol (2) have been first reported in this paper.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.591-598
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• 1996

The water extracts of ten crude drugs were tested for the spasmolytic and anti-peptic ulcer activities on rat ileum smooth muscle contraction and aspirin-induced acute hemorrhag ic erosive gastritis respectively. The water extract of Aurantii immaturi pericarpium(AIP)($IC_{50}=1.5{\times}1O^{-2}$g/l), Aurantii nobilis pericarpium(ANP)($IC_{50}=2.5{\times}1O^{-2}$g/l), Cyperi rhizoma(CR)($IC_{50}=3.3{\times}1O^{-2}$g/l). Linderae radix(LR) ($IC_{50}=6.8{\times}1O^{-2}$), Aurantii fructus immaturus(AFI)($IC_{50}=11.8{\times}1O^{-2}$), Saussureae radix(SR)($IC_{50}=13.2{\times}1O^{-2}$g/l) and Ponciri fructus(PF)($IC_{50}=23.3{\times}1O^{-2}$g/l) showed inhibitory activity on the isometric contraction of rat ileum smooth muscle induced by electrical stimulation in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas the water extracts of Arecae pericarpium(AP), Agastachis herba(AH) and Magnoliae cortex(MC) potentiated the isometric contraction. In the aspirin-induced acute gastritis, the water extracts of MC, AP and CR reduced significantly the gastric juice secretion, gastric juice acidity and pepsin activity. They also showed protective activity of gastric mucosal layer from erosion and petichial hemorrhage in gross and histological examination.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 2004

Melanin pigmentation in human skin is a major defense mechanism against ultraviolet light of the sun, but abnormal pigmentation such as freckles, liver spot could be a serious aesthetic problem. Nearly all studies are mainly concentrated on searching for the materials that have inhibitory activities on tyrosinase. In this work, to isolate phenolic compounds from Gastrodia elata, we purified the extract through solvent fractionation, column chromatography, and recrystallization. They were identified as 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol 1, bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)methane 2, gastrodin (4-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranosyloxybenzyl alcohol) 3 on the base of spectroscopic evidences. In order to investigate their depigmentation effect, inhibitory activity against mushroom tyrosinase and inhibitory activity of melanin synthesis in B16 melanoma cells were evaluated in vitro. We have found that 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol 1 and gastrodin (4- ${\beta}$-D-glucopyranosyloxybenzyl alcohol) 3 have no tyrosinase inhibitory activity, but inhibit the melanin synthesis in B16 melanoma cells. Tyrosinase inhibitory activities of bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)methane 2 (IC$\_$50/ = 400 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL) and butanol fraction (IC$\_$50/ = 46 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL) were lower/higher than that of arbutin (IC$\_$50/ = 114 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL), but inhibitory activities of melanin synthesis in B16 melanoma cells were much higher than that of arbutin. Especially, tyrosinase inhibitory activities of isolated phenolic fraction (IC$\_$50/ = 2.37 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL) from butanol fraction was very higher than that of arbutin (IC$\_$50/ = 114 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL). Therefore, these results suggest that isolated phenolic compounds from Gastrodia elata have inhibitory activity against mushroom tyrosinase and inhibitory activity of melanin synthesis in 816 melanoma cells in vitro.