• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.111 no.4
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• pp.622-629
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• 2022

The study aim was to derive a stem taper equation for Phyllostachys pubescens, a type of bamboo in South Korea, and to develop a stem volume table. To derive the stem taper equation, three stem taper models (Max & Burkhart, Kozak, and Lee) were used. Since bamboo stalks are hollow because of its woody characteristics, the outer and inner diameters of the tree were calculated, and connecting them enabled estimating the tree curves. The results of the three equations for estimating the outer and inner diameters led to selection of the Kozak model for determining the optimal stem taper because it had the highest fitness index and lowest error and bias. We used the Kozak model to estimate the diameter of Phyllostachys pubescens by stem height, which proved optimal, and drew the stem curve. After checking the residual degree in the stem taper equation, all residuals were distributed around "0", which proved the suitability of the equation. To calculate the stem volume of Phyllostachys pubescens, a rotating cube was created by rotating the stem curve with the outer diameter at 360°, and the volume was calculated by applying Smalian's method. The volume of Phyllostachys pubescens was calculated by deducting the inner diameter calculated volume from the outer diameter calculated volume. The volume of Phyllostachys pubescens was only 20~30% of the volume of Larix kaempferi, which is a general species. However, considering the current trees/ha of Phyllostachys pubescens and the amount of bamboo shoots generated every year, the individual tree volume was predicted to be small, but the volume/ha was not very different or perhaps more. The significance of this study is the stem taper equation and stem volume table for Phyllostachys pubescens developed for the first time in South Korea. The results are expected to be used as basic data for bamboo trading that is in increasing public and industrial demand and carbon absorption estimation.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.64-73
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• 2020

This paper presented a methodology for calculating daily load curves per city by taking into account the charging/discharging location of electric vehicle. In other words, this is the daily load curve calculation algorithm by city, which takes into account the charging/discharging location of electric vehicles, so that the impact of loads generated by charging/discharging of electric vehicles on the power grid can be easily understood in certain cities. Specifically, in accordance with the PEVs share scenario, the PEVs discharge power was calculated to reflect both the characteristics of the arriving vehicle in the morning and the SMP plan after establishing a assumption that the electric vehicle arrived at work in the morning and the electric vehicle arrived at home in the afternoon for each of the charging/discharging locations, that is, work and home, of electric vehicles in the city. After calculating the daily load curve for each charging/discharging power type for the PEVs charging strategy, which takes into account both the characteristics of the vehicle arriving at home in the afternoon and the TOU fare system, it was analyzed by comparing the impact assessment on the grid by adding the existing load.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.133-143
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• 2017

Data is the most important asset in the financial sector. On average, 71 percent of financial institutions generate competitive advantage over data analysis. In particular, in the card industry, the card transaction data is widely used in the development of merchant information, economic fluctuations, and information services by analyzing patterns of consumer behavior and preference trends of all customers. However, creation of new value through fusion of data is insufficient. This study introduces the analysis and forecasting of consumption trends of credit card companies which convergently analyzed the social data and the sales data of the company's own. BC Card developed an algorithm for linking card and social data with trend profiling, and developed a visualization system for analysis contents. In order to verify the performance, BC card analyzed the trends related to 'Six Pocket' and conducted th pilot marketing campaign. As a result, they increased marketing multiplier by 40~100%. This study has implications for creating a methodology and case for analyzing the convergence of structured and unstructured data analysis that have been done separately in the past. This will provide useful implications for future trends not only in card industry but also in other industries.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.131-144
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• 2009

Recently, a lot of local autonomous entities are promoting Ubiquitous City(U-City) Construction by integrating Information Communication Technology(ICT) with city development, and also internationally, a lot of cities are making efforts to develop U-City to intensify a city's competitive strength and improve life quality of city dwellers. In keeping with such a stream of the times, each local autonomous entity and project developer are developing a lot of methodologies to establish optimal U-City in corresponding cities and also inquiring into a variety of development procedures, such as connecting existing urban development methods with information establishment methods. The method used usually is to establish Information strategy Plan(ISP) for a city which will be developed through consulting in the stage of city development planning. ISP is to establish vision & strategy for building the ubiquitous city and is a methodology including city vision, strategy, goal, and implementation method, etc. However, due to a lot of variables, such as a variety of city environment, establishment period, budget, information technology, and etc., it is difficult to contain establishment plans for every occasion in a similar method, in reality. Therefore, it is naturally necessary to suggest plans for city vision & strategy, and selection of element technology/service. Thus, this paper suggests models for vision & strategy establishment of U-City and suggests Top-Down Approach and Bottom-Up Approach method as a plan for U-City establishment. In addition, this paper analyzes general promotion methodologies for constructing U-City and analyzes how these two strategic methods [Top-Down Approach and Bottom-Up Approach] for city vision establishment are composed in such a methodology, to define and analyze its constituent plan.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.181-195
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• 2018

On December 12, 2015, the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) adopted the Paris Agreement, in which several developed and developing countries all committed to participating in the reduction of greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions. South Korea has submitted an intended nationally determined contribution (INDC) proposal with a target to cut down 37% greenhouse gas business as usual (BAU) until 2030 in preparation for the 2030 GHG BAU. Under the post-2020 regime, which will be launched from 2021 as the agreement entered into force early, it is expected that efforts to support GHG reduction and adaptation to climate change in developing countries will be accelerated with the utilization of technologies and financial resources of developed countries. South Korea has established the Basic Plan for Climate Change Response and the Basic National Roadmap for Greenhouse Gas Reductions by 2030 to promote the response to climate change at the government level. The Ministry of Science and ICT, as the National Designated Entity designated by the UNFCCC, has come up with middle and long-term strategies for climate technology cooperation. South-Korea has an abundance of energy-consuming industries to support its export-oriented industrial structure; it is thus expected that achieving the GHG reduction target will incur a considerable cost. Moreover, in order to meet the reduction target (11.3%) of the intended nationally determined contribution proposed by South Korea, it is necessary for South Korea to actively promote projects that can achieve GHG reduction achievements, and financial resources are needed as leverage to reduce risks that can occur in the early stages of projects and attract private sector investment. This paper summarizes the theoretical discussions on climate finance and conducted a comparative analysis on the status of the funds related to climate change response in the UK, Germany, Japan and Denmark. Through this, we proposed the legal and policy tasks that should be carried forward to raise public funds that can be used for creation of new industries related to climate change as well as to reduce GHG emissions in South Korea. The Climate Change Countermeasures Act, which has been proposed by the National Assembly of South-Korea, stipulates the establishment of funds but there is no additional funding except for general account. In this regard, it is also possible to take measures such as the introduction of carbon tax or the collection and use of royalties through technology research and development projects for climate change, such as Industrial Technology Innovation Promotion Act. In addition, since funds are used in various fields such as domestic greenhouse gas reduction, technology development, and overseas projects, it is necessary to establish a system in which various ministries cooperate with the operation of the fund.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.93-100
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• 2022

This study aimed to understand the current status of science and engineering university(SEU) R&D operations depending on the research project characteristics(e.g., stages and characteristics), then provide implications for future university R&D support systems and related policies. Hence, an online survey targeting SEU R&D recipients was conducted between October 4th to November 5th, 2021. Analyzing 445 valid data using the Apriori algorithm, 16 association rules for R&D operation according to the research project characteristics show that regardless of research characteristics, SEU's R&D projects, particularly in applied research, were funded or operated under the leadership of government or public institutions. For basic research, individual researchers had a higher level of autonomy in determining research topics; yet, they had a short duration (3 years) and a unit of evaluation period of more than 3 years. These findings can be empirical evidence for revealing the relationship among various variables in operating SEUs' R&D.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.1-25
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• 2017

Despite high uncertainty on financial return, firms have continuously increased their investment on technologies because they recognize the potential value of technology investment in terms of enhancing operational efficiency and sustaining competitive advantage. Notably, an individual technology investment pattern or strategy within an industry may ultimately lead to significant differences in business performance. Hence, we first categorized technology investment into traditional research and development investment and information technology investment. Afterward, we examined the effects of each pattern with combination of the two types of technology investment on business performance according to firm size and position in the supply chain through fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis. Data collected from 562 manufacturing firms in Korea were used in the analysis. Results showed that large-sized firms were slightly affected with microscopic patterns in their technology investments, whereas small firms were highly affected with their technology investment patterns and their positions in the supply chain. The findings implied that a small enterprise requires an appropriate technology investment strategy to achieve successful business outcomes.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.109-117
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• 2013

The Global Framework on Climate Services (GFCS) will guide the development of climate services that link science-based climate information and predictions with climate-risk management and adaptation to climate change. GFCS structure is made up of 5 pillars; Observations/Monitoring (OBS), Research/ Modeling/ Prediction (RES), Climate Services Information System (CSIS) and User Interface Platform (UIP) which are all supplemented with Capacity Development (CD). Corresponding to each GFCS pillar, the Commission for Agricultural Meteorology (CAgM) has been proposing "Global Initiatives in AgroMeteorology" (GIAM) in order to facilitate GFCS implementation scheme from the perspective of AgroMeteorology - Global AgroMeteorological Outlook System (GAMOS) for OBS, Global AgroMeteorological Pilot Projects (GAMPP) for RES, Global Federation of AgroMeteorological Society (GFAMS) for UIP/RES, WAMIS next phase for CSIS/UIP, and Global Centers of Research and Excellence in AgroMeteorology (GCREAM) for CD, through which next generation experts will be brought up as virtuous cycle for human resource procurements. The World AgroMeteorological Information Service (WAMIS) is a dedicated web server in which agrometeorological bulletins and advisories from members are placed. CAgM is about to extend its service into a Grid portal to share computer resources, information and human resources with user communities as a part of GFCS. To facilitate ICT resources sharing, a specialized or dedicated Data Center or Production Center (DCPC) of WMO Information System for WAMIS is under implementation by Korea Meteorological Administration. CAgM will provide land surface information to support LDAS (Land Data Assimilation System) of next generation Earth System as an information provider. The International Society for Agricultural Meteorology (INSAM) is an Internet market place for agrometeorologists. In an effort to strengthen INSAM as UIP for research community in AgroMeteorology, it was proposed by CAgM to establish Global Federation of AgroMeteorological Society (GFAMS). CAgM will try to encourage the next generation agrometeorological experts through Global Center of Excellence in Research and Education in AgroMeteorology (GCREAM) including graduate programmes under the framework of GENRI as a governing hub of Global Initiatives in AgroMeteorology (GIAM of CAgM). It would be coordinated under the framework of GENRI as a governing hub for all global initiatives such as GFAMS, GAMPP, GAPON including WAMIS II, primarily targeting on GFCS implementations.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.67-79
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• 2020

This study analyzed the start-up education curriculum and start-up education programs of seven universities in the U.S. to find out what courses are provided, what various programs exist, and what the characteristics of start-up education in each university are. California State University, San Bernardino / University of California, Irvine / Drexel University / Oklahoma State University / Florida State University / San Diego State University / University of Southern California where entrepreneurship education based on the Entrepreneurship Degree Course is being established based on the Entrepreneurship Center of seven universities in the United States, which is not well introduced in Korea. This study examined how the start-up education courses and start-up support systems at seven universities in the U.S. are progressing at the undergraduate, MBA, master's and doctoral levels, and comparative levels. Through the case studies of the universities presented, the primary analysis was carried out to explore the various characteristics of American university start-up education. The implications of start-up education at American universities in this study are as follows. First, in order for universities to take the initiative in providing start-up education, they should be organized to suit the course of start-up education suitable for the characteristics of universities and introduce support programs. Second, it is necessary to establish an independent center within domestic universities to be operated autonomously. Third, the start-up education of universities should include building university-industry partnerships, operating entrepreneurship degree courses and collaboration between departments of universities. Fourth, the independent center should lead the active participation of alumni and local start-ups and start-up-related programs should be operated based on this. Fifth, Differentiated programs for each university's characteristics should be introduced and applied to universities. Although case studies have limitations that cannot be generalized, they can provide a useful framework. Therefore, it is necessary to design a systematic start-up education that reflects the correct design direction and characteristics of each university.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.121-130
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• 2024

As internet and communication technology (ICT) is improved exponentially, types and amount of available data also increase. Even though data analysis including statistics is significant to utilize this large amount of data, there are inevitable limits to process various and complex data in general way. Meanwhile, there are many attempts to apply machine learning (ML) in various fields to solve the problems according to the enhancement in computational performance and increase in demands for autonomous systems. Especially, data processing for the model input and designing the model to solve the objective function are critical to achieve the model performance. Data processing methods according to the type and property have been presented through many studies and the performance of ML highly varies depending on the methods. Nevertheless, there are difficulties in deciding which data processing method for data analysis since the types and characteristics of data have become more diverse. Specifically, multi-variate data processing is essential for solving non-linear problem based on ML. In this paper, we present a multi-variate tabular data processing scheme for ML-aided data analysis by using Titanic dataset from Kaggle including various kinds of data. We present the methods like input variable filtering applying statistical analysis and normalization according to the data property. In addition, we analyze the data structure using visualization. Lastly, we design an ML model and train the model by applying the proposed multi-variate data process. After that, we analyze the passenger's survival prediction performance of the trained model. We expect that the proposed multi-variate data processing and visualization can be extended to various environments for ML based analysis.