• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.287-297
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• 1997

Conduct disorder has been subclassified by the symptom characteristics of socialization, aggression, or age of onset. In ICD-10, ‘Conduct disorder confined to family context’ has been developed as a distinct subtype. Which delineates the conduct problems which take place only in the family and related situation. These authors experienced a case which presents a child who shows aggressive and violent behavior to his parent and brother, severe tamper tantrum and destructiveness only in family. By through history taking, observation and treatment after admission, we could find that insecure and ambivalent attachment between parent and child due to chronic neglect and abuse, and inconsistent parental behavior contribute to many behavioral and emotional problems of this child. We reviewed the relationship between conduct disorder and family pathology and treatment strategy for conduct disorder with family problems.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.52-57
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate a relationship between ultraviolet radiation and initial cell density (ICD) of microalgae using a floating marine photobioreactor (PBR). To examine the effect of ultraviolet (UV) radiation in sunlight on biomass productivity as a function of ICD, 0.5-L floating PBRs covered with or without UV cut-off film were placed in an outdoor rectangular tank containing 200 L of water. At the lower ICDs, 0.01 and 0.05 g/L, biomass productivities in the PBRs without UV cut-off film decreased by $278{\pm}21%$ and $222{\pm}3%$ compared with those with the film, respectively. In contrast, the presence of UV cut-off film did not have a significant effect on biomass productivities at the higher ICDs, 0.25 and 1.25 g/L. When the differences in biomass productivity made by the UV cut-off film were plotted against the sum of cell projection area per light receiving area of the PBR, the results revealed that the inhibitory effect of UV on biomass productivity can be negligible when the sum of cell projection area is equal to the light receiving area of the PBR. These results show that photoinhibition caused by UV radiation could be eliminated via operating the PBR with a proper ICD.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.143-156
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• 2020

In Southern Vietnam, the competition among Inland Clearance Depot (ICD) has resulted in deconcentration tendencies and shifting share situations. However, related research on Southern Vietnam ICDs in particular and ICDs in Vietnam in general has been extremely limited. Hence, In this study, empirical research is conducted on ICDs located in southern Vietnam from 2010 to 2017. The throughput volume data of ICDs is analyzed by concentration indicators, namely the concentration ratio (CR), the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI), the Gini coefficient, the Lorenz curve, and the shift share analysis (SSA). The results of adopting all the methodologies indicate that deconcentration was the mainstream trend for ICDs in Southern Vietnam during the period of 2010-2017. The findings provide insights into the process of container terminal development and have academic and managerial implications. The strengthening of the competitiveness of Vietnamese container ports and ICDs could affect the competing Southeast Asian neighbors by facilitating the port of more shipping companies.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.267-280
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the status of infection control nurses (ICNs) and their activities, and to identify the factors affecting the level of infection control activities. Methods: Data were collected from 199 hospitals from June 24 to July 26, 2016. The structured questionnaires included status of infection control nurses, type and level of infection control activities. Results: Most participating hospital were advanced general hospital (20.1%) and general hospital (67.8%). Among the hospitals, 86.4% had an infection control department (ICD). The average hospital work experience of ICNs was 14.62 years, and their average infection control career was for 4.94 years. Among the ICNs, 85.6% worked in full time and the average number of beds per ICN was 311.21. There were significant differences in the existence of ICD, infection control activities including surveillance, outbreak investigation, negative pressure room, hand hygiene monitoring, disinfection, and sterilization according to hospital size. The level of infection control activities was higher with more number of ICNs, ICN employment as full time, and healthcare institution accreditation status. The explanatory power was 37.5%. Conclusion: These results of this study which reflect infection control status of healthcare facilities with more than 150 beds in 2016 will provide baseline data to establish infection control system in small to medium sized hospitals after the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome outbreak in 2015.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.39 no.7
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• pp.666-673
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• 2011

To perform effective integration test of avionics equipments, the importance of a setup for integration test environment has been increasing in recently developed aircraft. Especially, the development of integration test equipment is necessary for minimizing the development period and reliability of integration test. This paper treats the model development for optimal working of integration test after analyzing the characteristics of each MEP equipments for Surion(KUH). Models, whose main role is troubleshooting of equipment and simulation for missing equipments, consists of dynamic, behavior, and ICD models depending on the dynamic characteristics. Software test for both unit level and system level are performed to verify the model reliability. By conducting integration test using SIL, it is confirmed that the developed models are suitable for integration function test of the MEP system.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.147-152
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• 2008

Objectives : Fluoridation of drinking water is known to decrease dental caries, particularly in children. However, the effects of fluoridated water on bone over several decades are still in controversy. To assess the risk of hip fracture related to water fluoridation, we evaluated the hip fracture-related hospitalizations of the elderly between a fluoridated city and non-fluoridated cities in Korea. Methods : Cheongju as a fluoridated area and Chungju, Chuncheon, Suwon, Wonju as non-fluoridated areas were chosen for the study. We established a database of hip fracture hospitalization episode based on the claims data submitted to the Health Insurance Review Agency from January 1995 to December 2002. The hip fracture hospitalization episodes that satisfied the conditions were those that occurred in patients over 65 years old, the injuries had a hip fracture code (ICD-9 820, ICD-10 S72) and the patients were hospitalized for at least 7days. A total of 80,558 cases of hip fracture hospitalization episodes were analyzed. Results : The admission rates for hip fracture increased with the age of the men and women in both a fluoridated city and the non-fluoridated cities (p<0.01). The relative risk of hip fracture increased significantly both for men and women as their age increased. However, any difference in the hip fracture admission rates was not consistently observed between the fluoridated city and the non-fluoridated cities. Conclusions : We cannot conclude that fluoridation of drinking water increases the risk of hip fracture in the elderly.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.57 no.12
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• pp.758-767
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• 2019

The classification of periodontal disease in 1999 has been widely used for determining a diagnosis, establishing a treatment plan, and evaluating the prognosis of the patient with periodontal disease. However, scientific evidence from many studies indicates the need for a new classification system for periodontal and peri-implant disease. Summary at 2017 world workshop as follows: 1) Periodontal health and peri-implant health was defined; 2) Chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis were unified as periodontitis; 3) Periodontitis was further classified by staging and grading to reflect disease severity and management complexity, rate of disease progression, respectively; 4) Periodontal disease as manifestation of systemic disease is based on the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems-10 (ICD-10) code; 5) Periodontal biotype and biologic width was replaced to periodontal phenotype and supracrestal tissue attachment, respectively; 6) The excessive occlusal force was replaced by a traumatic occlusal force; 7) ≥3 mm of radiographic bone loss, ≥6 mm of pocket probing depth and bleeding on probing indicates peri-implantitis in the absence of radiograph at final prosthesis delivery.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.465-465
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• 2010

A controlled medical vocabulary is a vital component of medical information management because it enables computers to use information meaningfully and different institutions to share the medical data. There are currently many standard medical vocabularies - SNOMED-CT, ICD-10, UMLS, GALEN, MED, etc, but none is universally accepted as an optimal controlled medical vocabulary for application to medical information system. Moreover, it is difficult to settle the well-designed local data dictionary consisting of controlled medical vocabularies for the individual hospital information system (HIS). One of the major reasons is the local terminology with poor contents have been used in the hospital. Thus, as a trial, the local controlled vocabulary referencing system has being constructed in a limited medical field - nuclear medicine. We selected practical nuclear medicine terms from interpretation reports and electronic medical records, and removed ambiguity and redundancy, mapping the selected terms to standard medical vocabularies. Relationship and hierarchy structure between terms have being made, referring to standard medical vocabularies. Further studies may be warranted.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.295-300
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• 1995

Late-onset schizophrenia(LOS) is a controversial entity. It has been thought that onset of schizophrenia is limited to early adulthood, but many European psychiatrists have reported on the occurrence of schizophrenia in late life. DSM-III restricted the diagnosis of schizophrenia to patients with onset of illness before age 45 years. But, DSM-III-R, DSM-IV, and ICD-10 recognize no upper limit to the age at onset of schizophrenia. Patients with LOS have more visual, tactile, and olfactory hallucinations. Patients with LOS have more persecutory delusions, premorbid schizoid personality traits, and less affective blunting. The course of illness was favorable in LOS. We present four cases of LOS. Their detailed clinical features are reported hear with brief review.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.9-19
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• 2000

Objective : We proposed fundamental rules of prospective Korean Standard Classification of Diseases(Oriental Medicine). Methods : We analysed Korean Standard Classification of Diseases(Oriental Medicine)(established in 1994) in comparison with ICD-10 and Chinese Standard Classification of Disease(Traditional Chinese Medicine). Secondly, we analysed the diagnostic structure of Modem oriental medicine. Results : Korean Standard Classification of Diseases has an inappropriate writing structure, logical errors of classification, confusion of symptoms, 'bing', and 'zheng', inappropriate comparison of disease designations in oriental medicine and western medicine, and the ommission of important items. Secondly, we demonstrate the relations of 'bing' and 'zheng' in modem oriental medicine and disease designations in oriental medicine and western medicine. Conclusions : We propose the separate classification of 'bing' and 'zheng', the qualification of designated names, the structure of 'bing' and 'zheng' system, and a different writing method.