• Proceedings of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea Conference
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• 2006.03a
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• pp.201-208
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• 2006

This study lotuses on the seismic behavior of 3-, 9-, and 20-story steel moment resisting frame (MRF) structures designed in accordance with the 2000 International Building Code using different Response Modification factors (R factors) 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12. For a detailed case study, 30 different structures were evaluated for twenty ground motions representing the hazard level which is equal to a 2% probability exceeding in 50 years (2% in 50 years). The results showed that the current R factors provide conservative designs for the 3- and 9-story buildings for the Collapse Prevention performance objective. However, the 20-story buildings designed without using the minimum requirement of spectral acceleration CS prescribed in the IBC 2000 did not satisfy the seismic performance for Collapse Prevention performance.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.73-77
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• 2012

Nomenclatural code for fungi was dramatically modified in the 18th International Botanical Congress (IBC) held in Melbourne, Australia in July 2011. Its name was changed into International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi and Plants (ICN), which was formerly called as International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN) of the Vienna Code of 2005. The most important change for fungi is abandoning dual nomenclature and introducing one fungus/one name system (2013. 1). Since more than 10,000 species of fungal names should be renamed based on this new classification system (one fungus/one name system), it is challenging to both mycologists and taxonomic users such as plant pathologists and food scientists. Here, we introduced background, progress and future plan for its transition into one fungus/one name system. The new code is allowing electronic-only publication of names of new taxa (2102. 1) and the requirement for a Latin validating diagnosis was changed to allow either English or Latin for the publication of a new name (2011. 1). Furthermore, pre-publication deposit of key nomenclatural information in a recognized repository is mandatory in ICN (2013. 1). The aims of this manuscript are to introduce new code of fungal nomenclature and recent trends in one fungus/one name system to Korean mycological society.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.47-56
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• 2008

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of Response modification factors (R-factor) in 3-, 9- and 20- story steel Moment Resisting Frame (MRF) buildings. Each structure was designed using a R-factor of 8, as tabulated in the 2000 International Building Code provision (IBC 2000) and Korea Building Code (KBC) 2008. In order to evaluate the maximum and minimum performance expected for such structures, an upper bound and lower bound design were adopted for each model. Next, each analytical model was designed using different R-factors (8, 9, 10, 11, 12) and four different structural periods with the original fundamental period. For a detailed case study, a total of 150 analytical models were subjected to 20 ground motions representing a hazard level with a 2% probability of being exceeded in 50 years. In order to evaluate the performance of the structures, static push-over and non-linear time history analysis (NTHA) were performed, and displacement ductility demand was investigated to consider the ductility capacity of the structures. The results show that the dynamic behaviors for the 3- and 9-story buildings are relatively stable and conservative, while the 20-story buildings show a large displacement ductility demand due to dynamic instability factors. (e.g. P-delta effect and high mode effect)

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.377-386
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• 2015

The helical pile is a manufactured steel pile consisting of one or more helix-shaped bearing plates affixed to a central shaft. This pile is installed by rotating the shaft into the ground to support structural loads. Advantages of the helical pile are no need for boring or grout process, and ability to install a pile foundation with relatively light devices. In this study, an optimized design method for helical piles is proposed to minimize the material cost with consideration of the load bearing capacity obtained by the cylindrical shear method. The harmony search meta-heuristic algorithm was adopted for optimization process. The optimized design was verified by comparing with the 2009 International building code. It is noted that the optimization for the configuration of helical piles along with material cost proves to be an out-performed tool in designing helical pile foundation with economic feasibility.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.88.1-88.1
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• 2014

Helium mass in the envelope is one of the most important properties in progenitors of type Ib/c supernovae (SNe Ib/c), since SN Ib/c progenitors are distinguished by the presence of He I lines. However, previous progenitor models do not reproduce the required He mass limit($M_{He}$ < $0.14M_{\odot}$) suggested by a spectroscopic analysis of SN Ib/c. In this work, we investigated the effect of overshooting on the evolution of pure helium stars, focusing on the final He mass in the envelope, $M_{He,f}$. We used the MESA code to calculate single helium star models with the initial masses of $M_{init}=5{\sim}30M_{\odot}$, Z=0.02, 0.04 and overshooting parameters of $f_{ov}=0{\sim}0.4$. The final He mass $M_{He,f}$ decreases as $f_{ov}$ increases, due to larger burning core compared to weak overshooting models. Dependence of the final mass $M_{He,f}$ on overshooting is strongest for models with $M_{init}=7{\sim}10M_{\odot}$, and this effect originates from accelerated mass loss during transition between WNE and WC/O phase. However, $M_{He,f}$ exceeds $0.27M_{\odot}$ for all models, which still doesn't meet the criteria of $M_{He}$ < $0.14M_{\odot}$. This implies that mass loss during the post helium burning phase must be enhanced dramatically compared to what the standard models predict.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 2013

This research presents that seismic performance of steel moment resisting frame building designed by past provision(UBC, Uniform Building Code) before and after retrofitted with BRB (Buckling-Restrained Brace) was evaluated using response modification factor (R-factor). In addition, the seismic performance of the retrofitted past building was compared with that specified in current provision. The past building considered two different connections: bilinear connection, which was used by structural engineer for building design, and brittle connection observed in past earthquakes. The nonlinear pushover analysis and time history analysis were performed for the analytical models considered in this study. The R-factor was calculated based on the analytical results. When comparing the R-factor of the current provision with the calculated R-factor, the results were different due to the hysteresis characteristics of the connection types. After retrofitted with BRBs, the past buildings with the bilinear connection were satisfied with the seismic performance of the current provision. However, the past buildings with the brittle connection was significantly different with the R-factor of the current provision.

• Interdisciplinary Bio Central
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.5.1-5.4
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• 2009

This article is an addendum to the authors’ previous article (Kim, J. et al. (2008) Plant Cell 20, 307-319). The instrumentation and software described in this article were used to analyze the circadian leaf movement in the previous article. Here, we provide detailed and practical information on the instrumentation and the software. The source code of the LMA program is freely available from the authors. The circadian clock regulates a wide range of cyclic physiological responses with a 24 hour period in most organisms. Rhythmic leaf movement in plants is a typical robust manifestation of rhythms controlled by the circadian clock and has been used to monitor endogenous circadian clock activity. Here, we introduce a relatively easy, inexpensive, and simple approach for measuring leaf movement circadian rhythms using a USB-based web camera, public domain software and a Leaf Movement Assay (LMA) program. The LMA program is a semi-automated tool that enables the user to measure leaf lengths of individual Arabidopsis seedlings from a set of time-series images and generates a wave-form output for leaf rhythm. This is a useful and convenient tool for monitoring the status of a plant's circadian clock without an expensive commercial instrumentation and software.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.3 no.3_4
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• pp.549-561
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• 2012

Many building foundations are embedded, however it is not easy to compact the backfill around the foundation especially for the deeply embedded ones. The soil condition around the embedded foundation may affect the seismic response of a building due to the weak contact between the soil and the foundation. In this paper, the response accelerations in the short-period range and at the period of 1 second (in the long-period range) for a seismic design spectrum specified in the IBC design code were compared considering perfect and poor backfills to investigate the effect of backfill compaction around the embedded foundation. An in-house finite-element software (P3DASS) which has the capability of horizontal pseudo-3D seismic analysis with linear soil layers was used to perform the seismic analyses of the structure-soil system with an embedded foundation. Seismic analyses were carried out with 7 bedrock earthquake records provided by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER), scaling the peak ground accelerations to 0.1 g. The results indicate that the poor backfill is not detrimental to the seismic response of a building, if the foundation is not embedded deeply in the soft soil. However, it is necessary to perform the seismic analysis for the structure-soil system embedded deeply in the soft soil to check the seismic resonance due to the soft soil layer beneath the foundation, and to compact the backfill as well as possible.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.47-64
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• 2023

Due to their efficient use of materials, hybrid reinforced concrete-steel (RCS) systems provide more practical and economic advantages than traditional steel and concrete moment frames. This study evaluated the seismic design factors and response modification factor 'R' of RCS composite moment frames composed of reinforced concrete (RC) columns and steel (S) beams. The current International Building Code (IBC) and ASCE/SEI 7-05 classify RCS systems as special moment frames and provide an R factor of 8 for these systems. In this study, seismic design parameters were initially quantified for this structural system using an R factor of 8 based on the global methodology provided in FEMA P695. For analyses, multi-story (3, 5, 10, and 15) and multi-span (3 and 5) archetypes were used to conduct nonlinear static pushover analysis and incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) under near-field and far-field ground motions. The analyses were performed using the OpenSees software. The procedure was reiterated with a larger R factor of 9. Results of the performance evaluation of the investigated archetypes demonstrated that an R factor of 9 achieved the safety margin against collapse outlined by FEMA P695 and can be used for the design of RCS systems.

• Interdisciplinary Bio Central
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.2.1-2.7
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• 2012

Introduction: Histone deacetylases (HDAC) are a class of enzymes that remove acetyl groups from ${\varepsilon}$-N-acetyl lysine amino acids of histone proteins. Their action is opposite to that of histone acetyltransferase that adds acetyl groups to these lysines. Only few HDAC inhibitors are approved and used as anti-cancer therapeutics. Thus, discovery of new and potential HDAC inhibitors are necessary in the effective treatment of cancer. Materials and Methods: This study proposed a method using support vector machine (SVM) to classify HDAC8 inhibitors and non-inhibitors in early-phase virtual compound filtering and screening. The 100 experimentally known HDAC8 inhibitors including 52 inhibitors and 48 non-inhibitors were used in this study. A set of molecular descriptors was calculated for all compounds in the dataset using ADRIANA. Code of Molecular Networks. Different kernel functions available from SVM Tools of free support vector machine software and training and test sets of varying size were used in model generation and validation. Results and Conclusion: The best model obtained using kernel functions has shown 75% of accuracy on test set prediction. The other models have also displayed good prediction over the test set compounds. The results of this study can be used as simple and effective filters in the drug discovery process.