• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.897-902
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• 2008

The effect on serum lipid of green aster juice blended with ginseng and carrot extracts was investigated using rats injected with $CCl_4$. The rats were classified with four groups: (i) normal control (NC), (ii) rats fed with the blended juice (BA), (iii) rats treated with $CCl_4$ after having been on a normal diet for 4 weeks ($NC-CCl_4$), and (iv) rats treated with $CCl_4$ after having been fed the blended juice for 4 weeks ($BA-CCl_4$). All groups had similar feed intake. The weight gains and feed efficiency ratio were lower in the $NC-CCl_4$ group. The liver weight per body weight was much higher in the $NC-CCl_4$ group than the NC group, but did not differ between the $BA-CCl_4$ and BA groups. Triglycerides increased only for the $NC-CCl_4$ group (88.72 mg/dL); the other groups had similar levels (56.48-65.33 mg/dL). The BA group had the lowest total cholesterol level (74.08 mg/dL) the other groups had similar levels (96.78-108.83 mg/dL). HDL-cholesterol was lower in the $NC-CCl_4$ group (40.56 mg/dL) compared with the NC group (48.95 mg/dL), but there was no difference between the BA and $BA-CCl_4$ groups. The LDL-cholesterol level was higher in the $NC-CCl_4$ group (55.20 mg/dL the highest level) than the NC group (43.33 mg/dL), and higher in the $BA-CCl_4$ group (50.10 mg/dL) than the BA group (18.09 mg/dL). The lipid peroxide content was much higher in the $NC-CCl_4$ group (22.61 nmol/g) than the NC group (12.52 nmol/g), but the $BA-CCl_4$ (17.41 nmol/g) and BA (13.99 nmol/g) groups were similar. The glutathione content was much lower in the $NC-CCl_4$ group ($2.25\;{\mu}mol/g$) than the NC and BA groups, and decreased to $2.63\;{\mu}mol/g$ for the $BA-CCl_4$ group. The glutathione content of the $BA-CCl_4$ recovered to the level of that in the NC group.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.77-92
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• 2014

Fermented foods have often been implicated as causative agents in poisoning due to toxic levels of biogenic amines. Cheese, a milk-based fermented food, is the product most likely to contain potentially harmful levels of biogenic amines, such as tyramine, histamine, putrescine, and so on. Recently, the risk awareness of a dietary uptake of high loads of biogenic amines has increased. Hence, we here review the published literature on several factors known to affect the biosynthesis of biogenic amines and their accumulation in milk-based foods. Furthermore, with regard to risk analysis, we discuss the control of factors related to the synthesis and accumulation of biogenic amines as a means to reduce their incidence in milk-based products, and thus to increase food safety.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.31-34
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• 1999

In the present study, we fabricated stoichiometric $(Ba_{1-x}Sr_x)TiO_3$ thin films at various substrate temperature and contents using of magnetron sputtering method on optimized Pt-based electrodes (Pt/TiN/$SiO_2$/Si). The substate temperature deposited at 200[ $^{\circ}C$], 400[$^{\circ}C$] and 600[$^{\circ}C$] and crystalline BST thin films show above 400[$^{\circ}C$]. Also, the composition of $(Ba_{1-x}Sr_x)TiO_3$ thin films deposited on Si wafer substrate at 400[$^{\circ}C$] were closed to stoichiometry($1.015{\sim}1.093$ in A/B ratio), but compositional deviation from a stoichiometry is larger as $SrCO_3$ is added. The drastic decrease of dielectric constant and increase of dielectric loss in $(Ba_{1-x}Sr_x)TiO_3$thin films is observed above 100[kHz]. V-I characteristics of $(Ba_{1-x}Sr_x)TiO_3$ thin films show the decrease of leakage current with the increase of $SrCO_3$ contents.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.427-431
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• 2006

In vitro high-frequency plant regeneration of Muscari comosum var. plumosum through somatic embryogenesis was obtained via two developmental pathways: direct embryos and multiple shoots regenerated from embryogenic callus. Flower bud with pedicel, receptacle, petal and ovary wall, floral stalk and leaf as explants were cultured in MS medium supplemented with various plant growth regulators. Embryos formed directly from pedicel, receptacle and floral stalk. Depending on explant sources, the optimal medium was MS medium supplemented with 0.2 mg/L IBA and 0.3 mg/L BA, 3.0 mg/L IBA and 3.0 mg/L BA, and MS-free medium for pedicel, receptacle, and floral stalk, respectively. Multiple shoots regenerated from embryogenic cal]i which was initiated from petal, ovary and leaf were observed in MS medium with different concentrations and combinations of hormone. The most suitable medium for each type of explant was 3.0 mg/L IBA and 3.0 mg/L BA(petal and ovary) and 5.0 mg/L IBA and 5.0 mg/L BA (leaf) Furthermore, the combination of 0.1 mg/L 2,4-D and 1.0 mg/L BA was also good for all sources of explants not only for direct embryo formation, but also, for embryogenic callus induction.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2012

$Ba_{0.5}Sr_{0.5}Co_{0.8}Fe_{0.2}O_{3-{\delta}}$ hollow fiber with o.d. 1.02 mm and i.d. 0.437 mm were fabricated by a phase-inversion spinning technique.The starting $Ba_{0.5}Sr_{0.5}Co_{0.8}Fe_{0.2}O_{3-{\delta}}$ precursor was synthesized by the polymerized complex method and then calcined at $900^{\circ}C$. As-prepared powder was dispersed in a polymer solution, and extruded as form of hollow fiber through a spinneret. Finallydense $Ba_{0.5}Sr_{0.5}Co_{0.8}Fe_{0.2}O_{3-{\delta}}$ hollow fiber membrane was obtained by sintering for 2 h at $1,080^{\circ}C$ for the application of oxygen separation. In addition, despite a very thin membrane with 0.58 mm, the BSCF hollow fiber membrane possessed a proper mechanical strength of 602.5 MPa.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.439-444
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• 2012

We studied the characteristics of odor emitted from 40 swine facilities across the country under various conditions like rearing densities, management style, ventilation system and swine manure handling characteristics, based on the olfactory and analytical evaluation. Odor concentrations (D/T) measured from swine facilities were respectively an average 4,055 D/T at liquid manure storage tanks on aeration, an average 913 D/T at slurry manure storage, an average 506 D/T at finishing swine facilities and an average 201 D/T at composting facilities. The higher rearing densities and slurry accumulation volume in finishing swine house, the more odor concentration (D/T) was increased. But The odor concentration (D/T) in finishing swine house did not show significant difference according to application of microbial additives. 9 odor compounds ($NH_3$, $H_2S$, MM, DMS, DMDS, PA, n-BA, n-VA, i-VA) were detected at swine facilities and the main odor compounds were volatile sulfur compounds such as $H_2S$, MM and volatile fatty acids compounds such as n-BA, n-VA, i-VA. 97.5% of swine farms surveyed in this study is located within 300 m of residential area and it is easy to bring odor complaints.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.4 no.6
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• pp.479-486
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• 2000

The aim of this study was to clarify the mechanism of the inhibitory action of carbon monoxide (CO) on contraction, by measuring cytosolic $Ca^{2+}$ level $([Ca^{2+}]_i)$ and ionic currents in guinea-pig ileum. CO (10%) inhibited 40 mM KCl-induced contraction and this effect was blocked by ODQ $(1\;{\mu}M),$ a soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) inhibitor. CO inhibited the 40 mM KCl-induced contraction without changing $[Ca^{2+}]_i.$ Cumulative addition of KCl induced a graded increase in $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ and muscle tension. In the presence of CO, cumulative addition of KCl induced smaller contraction than in the absence of CO. On the other hand, the increase in $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ induced by cumulative addition of KCl was only slightly decreased in the presence of CO, and the $[Ca^{2+}]_i-tension$ relationship shifted downwards. Using the patch clamp technique with a holding potential of -60 mV, we found that CO had little effect on the peak Ba currents $(I_{Ba})$ when voltage was stepped from -60 mV to 0 mV. In addition, CO showed no effect on the depolarization-activated outward $K^+$ currents in the all potential ranges. We conclude that CO inhibits smooth muscle contraction mainly by decreasing the $Ca^{2+}$ sensitivity of contractile elements via a cGMP-dependent pathway, not by involving L-type $Ca^{2+}$ and outward-potassium currents in guinea-pig ileum.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.393-403
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• 2013

Baicalein (BA), a plant-derived active flavonoid present in the root of Scutellaria baicalensis, has been widely used for the treatment of stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders including depression. Previous studies have demonstrated that repeated restraint stress disrupts the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, resulting in depression. The behavioral and neurochemical basis of the BA effect on depression remain unclear. The present study used the forced swimming test (FST) and changes in brain neurotransmitter levels to confirm the impact of BA on repeated restraint stress-induced behavioral and neurochemical changes in rats. Male rats received 10, 20, or 40 mg/kg BA (i.p.) 30 min prior to daily exposure to repeated restraint stress (2 h/day) for 14 days. Activation of the HPA axis in response to repeated restraint stress was confirmed by measuring serum corticosterone levels and the expression of corticotrophin-releasing factor in the hypothalamus. Daily BA administration significantly decreased the duration of immobility in the FST, increased sucrose consumption, and restored the stress-related decreases in dopamine concentrations in the hippocampus to near normal levels. BA significantly inhibited the stress-induced decrease in neuronal tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in the ventral tegmental area and the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA in the hippocampus. Taken together, these findings indicate that administration of BA prior to the repeated restraint stress significantly improves helpless behaviors and depressive symptoms, possibly by preventing the decrease in dopamine and BDNF expression. Thus, BA may be a useful agent for the treatment or alleviation of the complex symptoms associated with depression.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.71-72
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• 2020

A ring R is quasi-reversible if 0 ≠ ab ∈ I(R) for a, b ∈ R implies ba ∈ I(R), where I(R) is the set of all idempotents in R. In this short paper, we prove that the ring of 2×2 matrices over an arbitrary field is quasi-reversible, which is an answer to the question given by Da Woon Jung et al. in [Bull. Korean Math. Soc., 56(4) (2019) 993-1006].

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.11
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• pp.3816-3823
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• 2021

The mechanical features evaluated theoretically using Makishima-Mackenzie's model for glasses xBaO-(50-x) PbO-50P₂O₅ where x = 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mol%. Wherefore, the elastic characteristics; Young's, bulk, shear, and longitudinal modulus calculated. The obtained result showed an increase in the calculated values of elastic moduli with the replacement of the PbO by BaO contents. Moreover, the Poisson ratio, micro-hardness, and the softening temperature calculated for the investigated glasses. Besides, gamma and neutron shielding ability evaluated for the barium doped lead phosphate glasses. Monte Caro code (MCNP-5) and the Phy-X/PSD program applied to estimate the mass attenuation coefficient of the studied glasses. The decrease in the PbO ratio has a negative effect on the MAC. The highest MAC decreased from 65.896 cm²/g to 32.711 cm²/g at 0.015 MeV for BPP0 and BPP7, respectively. The calculated values of EBF and EABF showed that replacement of PbO with BaO contents in the studied BPP glasses helps to reduce the number of photons accumulated inside the studied BPP glasses.