• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.171-179
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• 1997

During the day time in summer, peak of air conditing load, and electric power management system lies under overloaded condition. The reason is the enlarged peak load value of electric power caused by increased air-cooling load in summer. To prevent load concentration during day time and overloaded condition of power management system, some energy storage methods are suggested. One of these methods is ice storage system. Water has some good properties as P.C.M.(Phase Chang Material) : Its melting point is the range of required operation temperature. It has large specific latent heat and is chemically stable compared to other organic or inorganic substances. It is cheap and easy to treat. This study represents experimental results of heat transfer characteristics of P.C.M. under the outward melting process in a vertical cylinder. We experimented with twelve combinations of conditions, i.e., three different inlet temperatures($7^{\circ}C,\;4^{\circ}C\;and\;1^{\circ}C$), two working fluid directions(upward and downward), and two aspect ratios, H/R(4 and 2). At the inlet temperature of $7^{\circ}C$ and $4^{\circ}C$, there was temperature stagnation region where the temperature of P.C.M. remains constant at $4^{\circ}C$ regardless of aspect ratio and direction of working fluid. This temperature stagnation occurs as the water, at its maximum density, flows down to the lower region. The phase change interface formed bell-shaped curve as the melting process continued. With a new set of conditions(4H/R, inlet temperature $4^{\circ}C$ and $1^{\circ}C$, downward/upwerd inlet direction), the movement of phase change interface was faster when the working flued inlet direction was downward. With the same set of conditions, melting rate and total melting energy were larger when the working fluid inlet direction was downward. The results were reversed when the other sets of conditions were applied.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.243-251
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• 2000

In order to provide a basis for studying the molecular mechanism of pharmacological action of local anesthetics and to develop a fluorescence spectroscopic method which can detect the microviscosity of native and model membranes using intramolecular excimerization of 1,3-di(l-pyrenyl)propane (Py-3-Py), we examined the effect of lidocaine HCl on the microviscosity of model membranes of phosphatidylcholine fraction extracted from synaptosomal plasma membrane vesicles (SPMVPC). The excimer to monomer fluorescence intensity ratio (I'/I) of Py-3-Py in liquid paraffin was a simple linear function of $T/{\eta}.$ Based on this calibration curve, the microviscosity values of the direct probe environment in SPMVPC model membranes ranged from $234.97{\pm}48.85$ cP at $4^{\circ}C$ to %19.21{\pm}1.11$ cP at $45^{\circ}C.$ At $37^{\circ}C,$ a value of $27.25{\pm}0.44$ cP was obtained. The lidocaine HCl decreased the microviscosity of SPMVPC model membranes in a concentration-dependent manner, with a significant decrease in microviscosity value by injecting the local anesthetic even at the concentration of 0.5 mM. These results indicate that the direct environment of Py-3-Py in the SPMVPC model membranes is significantly fluidized by the lidocaine HCl. Also, the present study explicitly shows that an interaction between local anesthetics and membrane lipids is of importance in the molecular mechanism of pharmacological action of lidocaine HCl.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.219-230
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• 2013

Species distribution modeling is one of the most effective habitat analysis methods for wildlife conservation. This study was for evaluating the suitability of species distribution to distance between forest patches in Seoul city using tits. We analyzed the distribution of the four species of tits: varied tit (Parus varius), marsh tit (P. palustris), great tit (P. major) and coal tit (P. ater), using the landscape indexes and connectivity indexes, and compared the resulting suitability indexes from 100m to 1,000m. As factors affecting to the distribution of tits, we calculated landscape indices by separating them into intra-patch indices (i.e. logged patch area (PA), area-weighted mean patch shape index (PSI), tree rate (TR)) and inter-patch indices (i.e. patch degree (PD), patch betweenness (PB), difference probability of connectivity (DPC)), to analyze the internal properties of the patches and their connectivity by tits occurrence data using logistic regression modeling. The models were evaluated by AICc (Akaike Information Criteria with a correction for finite sample sizes) and AUC (Area Under Curve of ROC). The results of AICc and AUC showed DPC, PA, PSI, and TR were important factors of the habitat models for great tit and marsh tit at the level of distance 500~800m. In contrast, habitat models for coal tit and varied tit, which are known as forest interior species, reflected PA, PSI, and TR as intra-patch indices rather than connectivity. These mean that coal tit and varied tit are more likely to find a large circular forest patch than a small and long-shaped forest patch, which are higher rate of forest. Therefore, different strategies are required in order to enhance the habitats of the forest birds, tits, in a region that has fragmented forest patches such as Seoul city. It is important to manage forest interior areas for coal tit and varied tit, which are known as forest interior species and to manage not only forest interior areas but also connectivity of the forest patches in the threshold distance for great tit and marsh tit as adapted species to the urban ecosystem for sustainable ecosystem management.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.294-299
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• 1992

This study was to examine the effect of functional properties of soy protein isolate(SPI) and qualities of soybean curd upon proteolytic hydrolysis. SPI was hydrolyzed using proteolytic enzyme, bromelain. The protein content of SPI by microkjeldahl method was 84% and the degree of hydrolysis in modified soy protein isolate(MSPI) was 2.7%. The solubility of MSPI was higher than that of control at various pH tested and proteolytic hydrolysis was increased emulsion formation and foam expansion while decreased emulsion stability, foam stability and calcium precipitation. Modified soybean curdI, standard soybean milk: Modified soybean milk=3:1, was soft and springy soybean curd when the texture properties of soybean curd were tested by texture profile analysis using Instron and sensory evaluation. The rheological model of soybean curds was investigated by stress relaxation test. The analysis of relaxation curve revealed that the rheological behavior of soybean curds could be expressed by 7-element generalized Maxwell model. The equilibrium modulus and modulus of elasticity decreased as the ratio of modified soybean milk was increased.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.858-865
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• 2011

In order to allow the user to efficiently browse, select, and retrieve a desired video part without having to deal directly with GBytes of compressed data, classification of shot motion characteristic has to be carried out as a preparation for such user interaction. The organization of video information for video database requires segmentation of a video into its constituent shots and their subsequent characterization in terms of content and camera movement in shot. In order to classify shot motion, it is a conventional way to use element of motion vector. However, there is a limit to estimate global camera motion because the way that uses motion vectors only represents local movement. For shot classification in terms of motion information, we propose a new scheme consisting of partial decoding of INTRA pictures and comparing the x, y displacement vector curve between the decoded I-frame and next P-frame in compressed video data.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.100-108
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• 2017

In this investigation corrosion behavior of newly developed high-pressure die cast Al-Ni (N15) and Al-Ni-Ca (NX1503) alloys was studied in 3.5% NaCl solution. The electrochemical corrosion behavior was evaluated using open circuit potential (OCP) measurement, potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. Potentiodynamic polarization results validated that NX1503 alloy exhibited lower corrosion current density ($i_{corr}$) value ($5.969{\mu}A/cm^2$) compared to N15 ($7.387{\mu}A/cm^2$). EIS-Bode plots revealed a higher impedance (${\mid}Z{\mid}$) value and maximum phase angle value for NX1503 than N15 alloy. Equivalent circuit curve fitting analysis revealed that surface layer ($R_1$) and charge transfer resistance ($R_{ct}$) values of NX1503 alloy was higher compared to N15 alloy. Immersion corrosion studies were also conducted for alloys using fishing line specimen arrangement to simultaneously measure corrosion rates from weight loss ($P_W$) and hydrogen volume ($P_H$) after 72 hours and NX1503 alloy had lower corrosion rate compared to N15 alloy. The addition of Ca to N15 alloy significantly reduced the Al3Ni intermetallic phase and further grain refinement may be attributed for reduction in the corrosion rate.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.173-180
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• 2008

Cotton, wool, cotton/wool blended (80:20) and tencel fabrics were treated with low temperature oxygen plasma, enzymes (cellulase or protease), or oxygen plasma-enzyme and they were examined for dyeing and handling properties for environment friendly finishing. The appropriate conditions for cellulase treatment were enzyme concentration of 3g/l, pH of 5, and $60^{\circ}C$ for one hour, and for protease treatment were enzyme concentration of 4g/l, pH of 8, and $60^{\circ}C$ for one hour. The equilibrium uptake of a direct dye on cotton changed with plasma treatment and plasma-cellulase treatment, and the rate of dyeing slightly decreased. When wool was dyed with acid dye, the equilibrium dye uptake did not change with plasma, protease treatment nor plasma-protease treatment, however, the rate of dyeing had increased with plasma-protease treatment. From these results, it is assumed that plasma attacks the surface of the fiber, and enzyme mainly affects the inner part of the fiber. Plasma treatment did not affect mechanical properties related to the handling of fabrics. The handling test showed increased extension at maxmum load(EM), tensile energy(WT) with decreased tensile resilience (RT), and the fabrics became softer but resilience decreased slightly with enzyme treatment. The bending recidity(B), hysteresis of bending moment(2HB), and hysteresis of shear force at five degrees(2HG5) decreased, however, shear stiffness(G) increased. I knew the plasma pre-treatment made fabrics softer with lower koshi(stiffness). The handling of plasma pre-treated fabrics was better than that of enzyme-treated fabrics. When we pre-treated fabrics, the handling test showed decreased coefficient of friction(MIU), geometrical roughness(SMD), while the surface of fabrics became smoother and numeri increased. Even though compression resilience(RC) increased, fukurami(bulky property) and compressive elasticity, decreased due to the linearity of compression-thickness curve(LC) and compression energy(WC).

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.24-39
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• 1976

The present study was undertaken to investigate the metabolic problems of high carbohydrate and cellulose diets of Korean. Forty males and same number of females of Albino rats, aged $45{\pm}5$days were divided into 95% high carbohydrate (H. CHO)group, 83.8% medium carbohydrate (M. CHO)group, 50% low carbohydrate (L. CHO) group and standard (Stand). group containing 72.2% sugar. Each group was divided into two again-1.55% cellulose group and non-cellulose group, 10 rats each of eight groups in both sexes. Cellulose was added to each of non-cellulose diets in the forms of spinach powder and rice bran. After 14 weeks the rats were sacrificed for chemical analysis and the results were elucidated as follows. (1) H. CHO+Cell. group showed the lowest value in body weight gained and shrinkage of almost all organs, in contrast with this group the L.CHO group showed higher body weight gained than Stand. group. M. CHO+Cell, group showed much the same body weight gained curve as Stand. group. (2) It was observed that cellulose group showed lower F.E.R and P.E.R value than non-cellulose group comparatively. (3) Total nitrogen retention and retention rate were decreaced in H. CHP groups compared with M. CHO or L. CHO groups. (4) The amount of feces was increased due to addition of cellulose to experimental diets and in accordance with the increasing total fecal excretion of nitrogen and glucose was also increased, especially noticeable in fecal glucose excretion. (5) It was noteworthy that serum cholesterol level was decreased due to addition of cellulose in H. CHO group and L. CHO group. (6) M. CHO+Cell. group was designed to reflect the average survey data of Korean diets and there was no significant differences on body weight gained, F.E.R, P.E.R, total nitrogen retention and hematology between M. CHO+Cell. and Stand. group. Total glucose excretion was increased due to dietary cellulose in M. CHO+Cell. group, but it seemed to be no metabolic problems in this group.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.369-378
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• 2003

The statistical modeling was introduced to satisfy various experimental conditions on the sorption of heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Cd, and Zn) by clay minerals, i.e. kaolinite, illite and chlorite. The Box-Behnken model designed statistically was applied to determine a relative impact among three variables such as pH, HCO3(or K) concentration and initial concentration of heavy metals. The SAS program was used to obtain the statistical solution by surface response analysis. The results of a statistical sorption modelling indicated that pH is a strong impact of the variables influencing the sorption of heavy metals. A relative effect between an initial concentration of heavy metals and bicarbonate(or K) concentration is dependent on solution condition. The sorption edge of heavy metals as function of pH shows sigmoidal curve, and a great increase in the range of pH 6～8. The sorption sequence among heavy metals is Cu>Pb>>Zn>Cd. The solution chemistry exerts greater influence on the sorption of heavy metals rather than the crystal chemistry of clay minerals. The potassium exerts some effect into a sorption competition with heavy metals. The research suggests that the statistical modeling is an effective method to demonstrate sorption results in three dimension and to reduce the effort of batch sorption experiment.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.59-120
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• 1977

An antibiotic 'P', which is one of the products of the Gist Brocades N. V. is being tested by its research department as fungicide on seed-potatoes. For this testing they designed experiments, with two control groups, one competitor's product, eight formulations of the antibiotic to be tested in different concentrations and one mercury treatment which can not be used in practice. The treated potatoes were planted in three different regions, where bifferent conditions prevail. After several months the harvested potatoes are divided in groups according to their diameter, potato illness is analysed and counted. These data were summarised in percentage and given to us for Analysis. We approached and analysed the data by following methods: a. Computation of the mean and standard deviation of the percenage of good results in each size group and treatment. b. Computation of the experimental errors by substraction of each treatment mean from observed data. c. Description of the frequency table, plotting of a histogram and a normal curve on same graph to check normality. d. Test of normality paper and chi-sqeare test to check the goodness of fit to a normal curve. e. Test for homogeneity of variance in each treatment with the Cochran's test and Hartley's test. f. Analysis of Variance for testing the means by one way classifications. g. Drawing of graphs with upper and lower confidence limits to show the effect of different treatments. h. T-test and F-test to two Control mean and variance for making one control of Dunnett's test. i. Dunnett's Test and calculations for numerical comarision of different treatments wth one control. In region R, where the potatoes were planted, it was this year very dry and rather bad conditions to grow potatoes prevailed during the experimental period. The results of this investigation show us that treatment No.2, 3 and 4 are significantly different from other treatments and control groups (none treated, just like natural state). Treatment no.2 is the useless mercury formulation. So only No. 3 and 4, which have high concentrations of antibiotic 'P', gave a good effect to the potatoes. As well as the competitors product, middle and low concentrated formulations are not significantly different from control gro-ups of every size. In region w, where the potatoes got the same treatments as in region R, prevailed better weather conditions and was enough water obtainable from the lake. The results in this region showed that treatment No. 2, 3, 4, and 5 are Significantly different from other treatments and the control groups. Again No.2 is the mercury treatmentin this investigation. Not only high concentrated formulation of antibiotic 'P', but also the competitor's poroduct gave good results. But, the effect of 'P', was better than the competitors porduct. In region G, where the potatoes got the same treatments as in the regions R and w. and the climate conditions were equal to region R, the results showed that most of the treatments are not significantly different from the control groups. Only treatment no. 3 was a little bit different from the others. but not Significantly different. It seems to us that the difference between the results in the three regions was caused by certain conditions like, the nature of the soil the degres of moisture and hours of sunshine, but we are not sure of that. As a conclusion, we can say that antibiotic 'P' has a good effect on potatoes, but in most investigations a rather high concentration of 'P' was required in formulations.