• Proceedings of the Microbiological Society of Korea Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.150-151
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• 2009

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.1160-1166
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• 1995

From 1980 through 1993, sixty one patients having traumatic flail chest were analysised retrospectively at the Department of Thoracic and Cardivascular Surgery, Chonbuk National University Hospital. There were 47 men and 14 women, mean age, 49.3 years, age range 4 to 82 years. The most common mode of trauma was automobile accident, common combined other organ injuries were skeletal injury [ 36 patients and neurologic injury [ 20 patients . In the mode of treatment, ventilator therapy was done in 34 cases and operative stabilization was done in 18 cases [ Kirschner or steel wire: 9 cases, Judet`s strut: 9 cases . Sixteen patients died [26 % . The main factors associated with fatal outcome were shock [ p < 0.002 , head injury [ p < 0.005 , and more than 50 years of age [ p < 0.05 . In fatal cases, 14 patients died during in ventilator therapy [ 14/34, 41 % and 2 patients died following operative stabilization of chest wall [ 2/18, 11 % .The overall cause of death was septicemia, ARDS, ARF, hypovolemic shock and hypoxic brain damage.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.1113-1121
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• 1995

From August, 1986 to December, 1993, mitral valve replacement was performed in 178 patients. Of the valve implanted, 114 were St.Jude Medical, 47 Duromedics, 16 Carpenter-Edward and 1 Ionesc-Shiley. The hospital mortality rate was 2.8%[5 patients and the late mortality rate was 7.5%[13 patients . The causes of hospital death were LV rupture in 1, renal failure in 1, cardiac tamponade in 1, valve malfunction in 1 and hypoxic brain damage in 1. The causes of late death were sudden death in 6, congestive heart failure in 4, brain ischemic injury in 3. Follow-up was done on 155 surviving patients : mean follow-up period was 50.94$\pm$8.04 months. The actual survival rate was 88.2% at 8 years. We concluded, therefore, that good clinical results could be achieved with mitral valve replacement in mid-term follow-up, and long-term follow-up is also necessary.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.287-290
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• 2007

Intrinsic or acquired resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs is one of the major obstacles to effective cancer treatment. Hypoxia is widespread in solid tumors as a consequence of decreased blood flow in the tumor-derived neovasculature. The recent finding of a link between hypoxia and chemoresistance prompted us to investigate whether hypoxia induces doxorubicin resistance in human MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Low oxygen concentration decreased the doxorubicin sensitivity in MCF-7 cells. The expression of p-glycoprotein, a major MDR-related transporter, and those of apoptosis-related proteins (anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, Bcl-XL and pro-apoptotic Bax) were not altered by hypoxia in MCF-7 cells. Intracellular uptake of doxorubicin was significantly decreased under hypoxic conditions. Decreased cellular uptake of doxorubicin under hypoxia may contribute to causing doxorubicin resistance in these cells. The use of agents that can modulate the doxorubicin uptake for adjuvant therapy may contribute to improving the therapeutic efficacy of doxorubicin in breast cancer patients.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.227-238
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• 1999

The author studied 49 cases having neurologic disorders grossly, who admitted to the Oriental Medicine Hospital in Kyunghee university from May 1995 to March 1999. We have got the following results: 1. Age and sex distribution of children: from 4 to 6 was 34.7%, over 7 was 32.7%, 2 to 3 was 28.6%, below 1 was 4.0%, Male to female ratio was 1.33:1. 2. Distribution of chief complain as follows : Hemiplegia 59.2%, Quadriplegia 30.6%, Aphasia 42.9%, Facial palsy 18.4%, Convulsion 16.3%, Aphagia 12.2%. 3. Distribution of diagnosis as follows : Cerebral infarction 32.7%, Cerebral hemorrhage 12.2%, Hypoxic brain damage 10.2%, Brain tumor 6.1%, Guillian-Barre syndrom 6.1%, Moya-Moya disease 4.1% etc. 4. Improvement ratio as follows : Poor 14.3%, Fair 59.2%, Good 26.5%.

• Journal of The Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.81-87
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• 2013

This article discusses the issues of benefit and possibility of application of patient-controlled sedation (PCS) for the dental treatment. The purpose of administering PCS for patients is to diminish anxiety and to provide cooperative and effective dental treatment. But there are a lot of barriers to application of PCS such as knowledge about pharmacokinetics of sedatives, expensive high speed and patient-controllable syringe pump, and well educated sedationist. And there could be risk of deep sedation, airway obstruction and hypoxic brain damages, etc. In order to decrease incidence of complication, appropriate drug selection, selection of right bolus dose, lock-out time is much important.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.336-347
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• 2013

This paper presents an evaluation of stream restoration projects in Seoul with a focus on dissolved oxygen. Five test sites across four streams were measured for dissolved oxygen (DO) in late May to early June in 2012 and compared against a set of minimum and maximum thresholds. Only one test site, Hwarang-cheon, showed measurements below 6 mg/l DO. Towards the upper limit, the Hwarangcheon site was the only tested stream which was not at risk of DO supersaturation. The Danghyeon-cheon site had the highest probability of supersaturation, with DO saturation exceeding 130% expected 86.5% of the time. When measured every hour during daytime, DO levels showed diurnal variations, peaking in the afternoon. However, they showed inconsistent results along transects of the streams. Overall, the streams are rich in DO. To maintain the streams in good standing, nutrient loading should be addressed to prevent potential algal bloom induced hypoxic events down the line.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.533-541
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• 1999

Many conventional anticancer drugs display relatively poor selectivity for neoplastic cells, in particular for solid tumors. Furthermore, expression or development of drug resistance, increased glutathione transferases as well as enhanced DNA repair decrease the efficacy of these drugs. Research efforts continue to overcome these problems by understanding these mechanisms and by developing more effective anticancer drugs. Cyclophosphamide is one of the most widely used alkylating anticancer agents. Because of its unique activation mechanism, numerous bioreversible prodrugs of phosphramide mustard, the active species of cyclophosphamide, have been investigated in an attempt to improve the therapeutic index. Solid tumors are particularly resistant to radiation and chemotherapy. There has been considerable interest in designing drugs selective for hypoxic environments prevalent in solid tumors. Much of the work had been centered on nitroheterocyclics that utilize nitroreductase enzyme systems for their activation. In this article, recent developments of anticancer prodrug design are described with a particular emphasis on exploitation of selective metabolic processes for their activation.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.296-299
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• 2006

A 35-year-old woman, previously treated for systemic metastases from retroperitoneal yolk sac tumor, presented with progressive painful paraparesis. Preoperative images showed severe cord compression by the metastatic infiltration of the lumbar vertebrae and epidural mass as well as a huge retroperitoneal mass. While performing unremarkable surgery in prone position, the patient abruptly fell into hypoxic insults and circulatory arrest. Intraoperative pulmonary tumor embolism was deemed a cause of death. When planning operative procedure for this dangerous malignancy, scrupulous manipulation is mandated and the possibility of fatal pulmonary tumor embolism should also be addressed and fully discussed preoperatively.

• Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry
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• v.67
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• pp.80-91
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• 2018

Here, we engineered spheroids by using ECM mimicking nano-fragments (NFs) with fibroblasts and investigated their effect on proliferation and cell/ECM interactions. NF incorporation resulted in formation of a stable spheroid, which improved proliferation and viability of cells by assisting oxygen transport confirmed by LOX-1 staining. In addition, hypoxic and apoptotic genes were significantly downregulated in spheroids with PD-NFs. Furthermore, ECM and cell junction proteins were highly expressed. Overall, our findings suggest that incorporation of NFs within spheroids for assembly with various cell types can be an alternative approach for 3D cell culture in many applications.