• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.427-432
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• 1997

These studies were performed to approach the precise pathway inducing the meiotic inhibitory action of hypoxanthine on mouse follicular oocytes and to identify the cause of detrimental effect of hypoxanthine on viability of the oocyte in vitro. In addition, a correlation between the meiotic inhibitory effect and the detrimental effect of hypoxanthine was investigated. Mouse follicular oocytes at germinal vesicle(GV) stage were collected from the ovaries of ICR mice by puncturing the antral follicles with a fine needle, at 48 hours after PMSG injection. Oocytes were cultured in Modified Whittingham's T6 media containing hypoxanthine and several materials that involved in metabolism of hypoxanthine, and the effects of the materials on the actions of hypoxanthine were investigated by observing germinal vesicle breake down (GVBD), 1st polar body (PB) extrusion and viability of the oocytes. Phophodiesterase significantly reduced the meiotic inhibitory effect of dbcAMP but did not influence on the inhibitory effect of hypoxanthine. Allopurinol and 6-MP significantly enhanced the meiotic inhibitory effect of hypoxanthine, but the materials themselves also showed the meiotic inhibitory action like hypoxanthine. Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase significantly enhanced the meiotic inhibitory effect of hypoxanthine, on the contrary HGPRT itself promoted meiotic resumption of the oocytes. Catalase did not induce any change in the meiotic inhibitory effect of hypoxanthine, but SOD increased the GVBD rate suppressed by hypoxanthine. The detrimental effect of hypoxanthine on viability of the oocytes was significantly reduced by allopurinol and catalase, but SOD increased the GVBD rate suppressed by hypoxanthine. The detrimental effect of hypoxanthine on viability of the oocytes was significantly reduced by allopurinol and catalase, but SOD did not reduce the deterimental effect of hypoxanthine. In conclusion, the meiotic inhibtory effect of hypoxanthine may be caused by guanyl dervartives converted from hypoxanthine via salvage pathway, and superoxide anion may partially participate in the inhibitory effect of hypoxanthine. The detrimental effect of hypoxanthine on viability of the oocytes be cused by hydrogen peroxide produced during the metabolism of hypoxanthine.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.191-200
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• 1994

The influence of hypoxanthine and ovarian steroids on the meiotic maturation process of mouse oocytes was investigated for the qualified application of culture medium in in vitro fertilization(IVF). Mouse oocytes were cultured in hypoxanthine and various ovarian steroids(progesterone, estradiol-17${\beta}$ and testosterone) and their effects on the oocyte maturation had been observed. When mouse oocytes were cultured in the various concentration(1-4mM) of hypoxanthine, meiotic maturation of cumulus cell-enclosed oocytes was inhibited by presence itself, which was a dose-dependent effect in meiotic arrest of mouse oocytes. The presence of progesterone, estradiol-17${\beta}$ and testosterone have made the mouse oocyte mature properly. Meanwhile maturation of cumulus cell-enclosed oocyte was severely inhibited by 3 hoursculture in the media of progesterone supplemented with hypoxanthine. However the continuous presence lasting 24 hours of progesterone even supplemented with hypoxanthine had got rid of the inhibition of oocytes maturation. Not only estradiol-17${\beta}$ supplemented with hypoxanthine but also testosterone supplemented with hypoxanthine exert the severe inhibition of the maturation of cumulus cell-enclosed oocytes for 3-hours culture. However the continuous presence lasting 24 hours of estradiol-17${\beta}$ and testosterone even supplemented with· hypoxanthine had relieved the inhibition of oocytes maturation. These results make us suggest that hypoxanthine inhibits the mouse oocyte maturation, particularly markedly in conjunction with ovarian steroids for short period, which indicated some sort of the synergistic inhibitory retationship between the ovarian steroids and hypoxanthine.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.85-92
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• 1993

In the previous study, we observed that Purine has a time dependent effect in maintaining the oocytes in meiotic arrest, and human fetal cord serum(HFCS) and human mature follicular fluid(HMFF) reverse the GVBD suppressed by purines. And it was reported that purine has a harmful effect on the development of oocytes or embryos, when they were cultured for a long time, in vitro. Therefore this study was performed to investigate the effects of purine on extrusion rates of 1st pb and viability of oocytes cultured for a long time, in vitro. Immature oocytes(GV stage) were collected from ovaries of 25~28 day old ICR mice at 48 hrs after PMSG injection. Cumulus-enclosed and denuded oocytes collected were assigned randomly to one of several culture conditions. Some of the oocytes were cultured in 4mM hypoxanthine for 24hr, and the extrusion rates of 1st pb and viability of the oocytes were assessed at every 12 hrs. In the viability, the oocytes showed granulation, pigmentation of cytoplasm or lysis of 1st pb extruded were regarded as degenerating oocytes. Also some of the oocytes were cultured in hypoxanthine for 12 hrs then the resulting oocytes were transferred to hypoxanthine-free medium and cultured for 12 hrs to determine whether the inhibitory effect of hypoxanthine on the 1st pb extrusion was reversible. The rest of the oocytes were cultured in medium containing hypoxanthine and adenosine for 18 hrs to compare the 1st pb extrusion be attendant upon hte concentration of HFCS or HMFF supplemented. Hypoxanthine suppressed the extrusion of 1st pb and viability of the oocytes significantly, when they were cultured for more than 12 hrs and the harmful effect of hypoxanthine was showed in denuded oocytes, prominently. The suppressive effect of hypoxanthine was reversed by just removal of the hypoxanthine from the cultrue medium. Also there was no difference in reverse the pb extrusion rate suppressed between HFCS and HMFF. The extrusion rate of 1st pb in medium containing adenosine and hypoxanthine was increased in line with the concentration of HFCS or HMFF supplemented. Hypoxanthine suppressed the extrusion of 1st pb and viability of the oocytes significantly, when they were cultured for more than 12 hrs and the harmful effect of hypoxanthine was showed in denuded oocytes, prominetly. The suppressive effect of hypoxanthine was reversed by just removal of the hypoxanthine fromthe culture medium. Also there was no difference in reverse the pb extrusion rate suppressed between HFCS and HMFF. The extrusion rate of 1st pb in medium containing adenosine and hypoxanthine was increased in line with the concentration of HFCS or HMFF supplemented.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.13-18
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• 1973

Bacillus subtilis의 생균 및 포자액을 자외선 조사와 diethylsulfate 처리로서 adenine 요구변이주 총 62주를 분리하였다. 이들 변이주는 발효배지에 자외선흡수 물질을 축적하고 있음을 확인하였으며 이 축적물은 thin-layer chromatogram 자외선흡수 곡선등으로 hypozanthine, uracil 임을 동정하였다. 이 중에서 hypoxanthine만을 축적하는 변이주 BS-137의 배지성분을 검토한 결과 탄소원소로서는 glucose가 좋았으며 질소원으로서는 yeastext와 NaNO$_3$ 가 적당하였다. 아울러 배양액으로부터 hypoxanthine을 분리 정제하는 방법을 확립하였다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.1-7
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• 1986

굴비는 참조기(Pseudosciaena manchurica)를 정제건염법, 정제복강주입법, 천일건염법에 의해 염장한 후 절반씩 나누어 온도 습도가 조절된 실내건조조건과 자연건조조건에서 25일간 건조하여 제조하였다. 이 과정에서 근육과 알의 핵산관련물질련화를 분석 비교하였다. 1. 근육의 핵산관련물질함량은 생시료의 경우 IMP가 $13.40\;{\mu}mole/g$으로 가장 많고 hypoxanthine은 $9.28\;{\mu}mole/g$, inosine은 $3.01\;{\mu}mole/g$, AMP는 미량이었다. 25일 건조했을 때 hypoxanthine은 증가하여 평균 $25.74{\mu}mole/g$이고 IMP, inosine, AMP는 미량이었다. 2. 알의 핵산관련물질함량은 생시료에서 AMP가 $13.98{\mu}mole/g$으로 가장 많고 hypoxanthine이 $6.56{\mu}mole/g$, inosine은 $1.98\;{\mu}mole/g$, IMP는 $1.93{\mu}mole/g$이었다. 생시료 근육에 비해 hypoxanthine, IMP, inosine 함량은 적고 AMP가 상당량 함유되어 있었다. 25일 건조했을 때, 근육과 마찬가지로 hypoxanthine은 증가하여 평균 $17.27\;{\mu}mole/g$이고 IMP와 inosine은 감소하여 각각 평균 $0.12\;{\mu}mole/g$과 $0.18{\mu}mole/g$, AMP는 미량이었다. 3. 염장 및 건조조건에 따른 핵산관련물질의 변화는 뚜렷하지 않았으며 굴비제조중 hypoxanthine을 제외하고는 극히 미량존재하여 굴비의 주된 맛성분으로는 작용하지 않으리라 생각된다.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1992년도 제1회 신약개발 연구발표회 초록집
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• pp.21-21
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• 1992

녹용은 한방에서 신경조절 약화, 신체발육부진, 허약체질 등에 사용되는 강장제로서 인삼과 더불어 중요한 약재 중의 하나이지만 아직까지 유효 성분이 밝혀져 있지 않다. 알려진 녹용의 성분으로 collagen, acid mucopolysaccharide, 중성지질, 당지질, ganglioside, 인지질, proteolipid, prostaglandins, estrone, estradiol, cholesterol, its ester, 7-keto-cholesterol, 7$\alpha$-hydroxycholesterol , 7$\beta$-hydroxycholesterol , p-hydroxy-benzaldehyde, uracil, uridine, hypoxanthine, nicotinic acid, creatinine urea 등이 보고되었다. 이와 같은 성분들은 동물조직에서 공통적으로 발견되는 것들로서 녹용의 특이성분이라 부르기 어렵다. 그러나 uracil, uridine, hypoxanthine과 같은 핵산염기 관련 성분은 녹용에 비교적 함량이 많고, 이중에서 hypoxanthine은 monoamine oxidase-B에 대한 저해작용이 있으므로 주목할 필요성이 있다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.955-959
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• 2002

To test the protective effect of herbal medicine on myocardial damage against oxygen free radical-induced myocardiotoxicity, cytotoxicity was examined using MTT, Beating rate and TSARS assay in the presence of water extract of Rhizoma Coptidis. Myocardial toxicity was evaluated in neonatal rat myocardiocytes in cultures. The results of these experiments were obtained as follows: Xanthine oxydase/hypoxanthine resulted in a decrease in viability, beating rate and in a increase in lipid peroxidation in Cultured myocardial cells. Rhizoma Coptidis water extract shows effects of protection from the cardiocyte toxicity induced by xanthine oxydase/hypoxanthine treatment such as increases in beating rate. Rhizoma Coptidis water extract shows effects of protection from the cardiocyte toxicity induced by xanthine oxydase/hypoxanthine treatment such as decreases in lipid peroxidation. These results show that xanthine oxydase/hypoxanthine elicits toxic effects. in cultured myocardial cells derived from neonatal rat, and suggest that water extract of Rhizoma Coptidis is very effective in the prevention of xanthine oxydase/hypoxanthine-induced cardiotoxicity.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.1117-1121
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• 2002

To test the protective effect of herbal medicine on myocardial damage against oxygen free radical-induced myocardiotoxicity, cytotoxicity was examined using MTT, Beating rate and DNA synthesis assay in the presence of water extract of three kinds of Radix Rehmanniae. Myocardial toxicity was evaluated in neonatal rat myocardiocytes in cultures. The results of these experiments were obtained as follows : Xanthine oxydase/hypoxanthine resulted in a decrease in viability, beating rate and DNA synthesis in cultured myocardial cells. Radix Rehmanniae Recens(生地黃, RRR) water extract shows effects of protection from the cardiocyte toxicity induced by xanthine oxydase/hypoxanthine treatment such as increases in beating rate. Radix Rehmanniae Preparat(熟地黃, RRP) water extract shows effects of protection from the cardiocyte toxicity induced by xanthine oxydase/hypoxanthine treatment such as increases in DNA synthesis. These results show that xanthine oxydase/hypoxanthine elicits toxic effects in cultured myocardial cells derived from neonatal rat, and suggest that water extract of three kinds of Radix Rehmanniae is very effective in the prevention of xanthine oxydase/hypoxanthine-induced cardiotoxicity.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.317-321
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• 1972

왜문어 Octopus vulgaris의 천일건조 및 건조 후 3개월간 저장 중의 핵산관련물질의 변화를 이온교환수지 column chromatography 법으로 실험하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 살아있는 왜문어에서 절단한 생시료(다리) 중에는 inosine이 $9.4\;{\mu}mole/g{\cdot}dry\;wt.$로서 가장 함량이 많았고, 어류와는 달리 IMP는 존재하지 않았다. 건조중 ATP, ADT 및 inosine은 감소하고, AMP 및 hypoxanthine은 증가하였다. 특히 inosine은 생시료때 $9.4\;{\mu}mole/g\;dry\;wt.$이던것이 $3.0\;{\mu}mole/g\;dry\;wt.$로 감소하는 반면, hypoxanthine은 $5.1\;{\mu}mole/g\;dry\;wt.$에서 $17.6\;{\mu}mole/g\;dry\;wt.$로 증가하였다. 건조후 3개월간 저장 중에는 ADP, AMP 및 inosine은 감소하고 hypoxanthine은 약 2배로 증가하였다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제33권7호
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• pp.739-744
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to elucidate protective effect of Fructus Schsandrae(FS) water extract against xanthine oxidase/hypoxanthine(XO/HX)-induced cardiotoxicity in myocardial cells this experiment was performed. Cardiotoxicity of XO/HX was examined by MTT(MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2.5,-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay. XO/HX induced the decrease of cell viability. Also XO/HX induced the increase of LDH activity and the decrease of beating rate on cultured myocardial cells in a dose-dependent manner. To investigate cardioprotective effect of FS water extract cultures were preincubated with FS water extract for 3 hours. Cultures were then exposed to XO/HX for 72 hours. FS water extract have an efficacy in decreaasing LDH activity and increasing heart beating rate on cultured myocardial cells damaged by XO/HX. From the results it is suggested that XO/HX may show toxic effect in cultured myocardial cells derived from neonatal mouse and FS water extract is effective in the prevention of XO/HX-induced cardiotoxicity.