• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.733-741
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• 2010

Dietary karaya saponin and Rhodobacter capsulatus (R. capsulatus) are known to have hypocholesterolemic actions, as reported in our previous studies. This study examined possible synergistic hypocholesterolemic effects of karaya saponin and R. capsulatus in broilers. A total of 150 broilers were allocated into 10 treatments: control, saponin 25 mg, saponin 50 mg, saponin 75 mg, saponin 25 mg+R. capsulatus 0.2 g, saponin 25 mg+R. capsulatus 0.4 g, saponin 50 mg+R. capsulatus 0.2 g, saponin 50 mg+R. capsulatus 0.4 g, saponin 75 mg+R. capsulatus 0.2 g and saponin 75 mg+R. capsulatus 0.4 g. Feed intake and feed efficiency were improved when karaya saponin and R. capsulatus were synergistically supplemented in the diet. Combinations of karaya saponin, especially supplementation of karaya saponin 50 mg+R. capsulatus 0.4 g were shown to have potential hypolipidemic actions in breast and thigh muscle cholesterol and triglycerides, serum cholesterol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol and triglycerides, as well as improved high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (p<0.05). Compared to the control, almost all the treatments significantly increased serum, liver and fecal concentrations of bile acids (p<0.05). Supplementation of both karaya saponin (75 mg) and saponin 50 mg+R. capsulatus 0.4 g reduced palmitic acid (C16:0) and stearic acid (C18:0) in a similar fashion (p<0.05). The ratios of PUFA:SFA or PUFA+MUFA:SFA in the thigh and breast muscle of broilers were greater in karaya saponin and R. capsulatus supplemented groups than in the control group. Thus, our study concluded that supplementation of karaya saponin synergistically with R. capsulatus in the diet of broilers is an effective way to obtain low-cholesterol, low-triglyceride and high HDL-cholesterol enriched poultry meat with a unique fatty acid balance.

• 한국농촌생활과학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.75-81
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• 1993

본 연구에서는 성숙한 흰쥐에게 동물성 포화지방(식이중 beef tallow로서 18%)과 식이에 콜레스테롤을 첨가하지 않은 조건과 첨가한 조건(1%) 하에서 식이칼슘을 수준별로(식이에 0.1%, 0.5%, 1.5% 첨가) 4주간 동안 급여한 후 혈액과 조직의 지질함량, 소장내용물 중 지질의 분포 및 분중 지질배설량 등이 측정되었다. 그 결과, 콜레스테롤 무첨가의 고지방식을 4주간 급여한 경우에는 고콜레스테롤혈증은 유발되지 않았으며, 식이칼슘의 투여효과도 인정되지 않았다. 한편 콜레스테롤 첨가 고지방식을 급여한 경우에는 고콜레스테롤혈증의 유발이 가능하였다. 이때 식이칼슘의 투여효과는 식이칼슘의 수준 증가에 따라 혈청 콜레스테롤 농도가 저하하는 경향을 보였다. 즉 식이칼슘 섭취 부족에 따른 혈중 콜레스테롤 상승효과(hypercholesterolemic effect)와 칼슘섭취 증가에 따른 혈중 콜레스테롤 저하효과(hypocholesterolemic effect)가 인정되었다. 또 칼슘 섭취가 체내 지질대사에 미치는 효과에 대한 하나의 작용메카니즘으로서 콜레스테롤의 소화율과 장관내 흡수양상이 검토되었는데, 이때 분중 지질성분의 배설량은 고칼슘식이군에서 유의적으로 높았고 콜레스테롤의 소화율은 저칼슘식이군에서 유의적으로 높았다. 이것은 칼슘이 지질 성분의 배설을 촉진하므로서 지질 성분의 흡수를 저하시킨다고 하는 장관내 지질 흡수 메카니즘에 대한 “지질-칼슘 soap 형성”으로 칼슘의 역할이 설명될 수 있다. 본 과제에서 처음으로 시도된 소장내용물의 지질과 칼슘성분의 존재양상은 지질 흡수와 칼슘의 상호작용을 보다 직접적인 방법으로 측정할 수 있었으나, 얻어진 결과에 대한 해석에는 아직 어려움이 있었다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.701-707
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• 2013

The present study was carried out to investigate the antiobesity and hypocholesterolemic effects of Bifidobacteria animalis DY-64 (B. animalis DY-64), a lactic acid bacterium isolated from the human intestine, in rats fed a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet for 4 weeks. Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups and fed either a normal (N) or high-fat/high-cholesterol (HFC) diet without or with oral administration of B. animalis DY-64 (N-BA, HFC-BA). The gain in body weight, and liver and adipose tissue weights of the HFC group were heavier than that of the HFC-BA group. Serum total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol, and leptin levels of the HFC group, which were significantly elevated compared to those of the N group, dropped by 19, 18, 21, and 13% in the HFC-BA group, respectively, whereas the serum HDL-cholesterol level markedly increased. However, serum TG, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and leptin levels were not significantly different among the N groups (N, N-BA) with or without B. animalis DY-64 administration. TC and TG levels of the liver as well as the TG level of the adipose tissue were significantly reduced in the HFC-BA group. In addition, HR-LPL activity in adipose tissue was also lower in the HFC-BA group than in the HFC group. These results suggest that B. animalis DY-64 isolated from the human intestine exerts hypocholesterolemic effects by reducing serum and liver cholesterol levels and plays a role in the prevention of obesity induced by HFC diet.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.267-278
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• 2005

Postmenopausal women or ovariectomized rats are associated with increased cholesterol levels, which are risk factors of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. Increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome after menopause might be associated with estradiol deficiency. Harmful effect of estradiol hampers the casual usage of hormone to prevent the metabolic syndrome. Soy protein has been reported to show several beneficial effects on health, however it is unclear which components of soy protein is responsible for anti-obesity and hypocholesterolemic effects. Soy isoflavones, gem-stein and daizein, are suggested to have anti-obesity and hypocholesterolemic effects but with inconsistency. The present study investigated the effect of supplementation of genistein (experiment I) and soy protein containing isoflavones (experiment II) to high fat diet on body weight gain, food intake, liver and fat tissue weight and the lipid levels in ovariectomized rats. Plasma and hepatic lipid contents and the mRNA levels of genes encoding lipid metabolism related proteins, such as CPT1 and HMGR were measured. Ovariectomy increased body weight, fat tissue weight and plasma and hepatic lipid levels which increase the risk of metabolic syndrome. Soy protein could improve plasma and hepatic lipids levels. Soy protein also increased hepatic CPT1 and HMGR mRNA levels. Plasma and hepatic lipids levels could not be decreased by dietary genistein alone. In contrast, lipids levels could be decreased by isoflavone-fortified soy protein, suggesting that the ingestion of soy protein enriched with isoflavone gives more benefit for protecting postmenopausal women from metabolic syndrome.

• Mycobiology
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.187-193
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• 2011

Botryosphaeran, a water-soluble exopolysaccharide of the ${\beta}-(1{\rightarrow}3;1{\rightarrow}6)$-D-glucan type that has been isolated from the culture medium of Botryosphaeria rhodina MAMB-05 grown in submerged fermentation using glucose as the sole carbon source, was previously demonstrated to be non-genotoxic in peripheral blood and bone marrow, and exhibited strong anticlastogenic activity. In the present study, the effects of botryosphaeran were investigated in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats as well as in high-fat diet-fed hyperlipidemic Wistar rats. The plasma glucose level was reduced by 52% in the diabetic group of rats after administration of 12 mg botryosphaeran/kg body weight of the rats (b.w.)/day by gavage over 15 days. A reduction in the median ration intake was accompanied by an increase in the median body weight gain, as well as the efficiency of food conversion. These results demonstrate that botryosphaeran has protective effects by reducing the symptoms of cachexia in Diabetes mellitus. Botryosphaeran administered by gavage at a concentration of 12 mg botryosphaeran/kg b.w./day over 15 days also reduced the plasma levels of total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol by 18% and 27%, respectively, in hyperlipidemic rats. Based on these findings, we conclude that botryosphaeran possesses hypoglycemic and hypocholesterolemic properties in conditions of diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia, respectively, and may be used as an oral anti-diabetic agent.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.111-126
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• 2002

The chemistry of secondary products from Acanthopanax species and their pharmacological activities were reviewed. A nitrogenous compound, a furan compound, a quinoid, benzoids, coumarins, phenylpropanoids, lignans, flavonoids, terpenoids, phytosterols, polyacetylenes, a pyrimidine, cyclitols, monosaccharides and an aliphatic alcohol have been isolated from Acanthopanax species and have been shown to have various levels of activities such as anti-bacterial, anti-cancer, anti-gout, anti-hepatitis, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, anti-leishmanicidic, anti-oxidant, anti-pyretic, anti-xanthine oxidase, choleretic, hemostatic, hypocholesterolemic, immunostimulatory and radioprotectant effects, etc.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.490-495
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• 1992

본 실험에서는 혈장 lipoprotein의 콜레스테롤 및 지질에 대한 비타민 E의 하강효과를 비타민 E 비급이 및 비타민 E 급이(700IU/kg diet)와 콜레스테롤 급이(2%/kg diet)의 순서를 바꾼 경우와 양자를 동시에 급이한 4개 실험군으로 나누어 비교분석하였다. 비타민 E의 콜레스테롤 및 지질하강효과는 비타민 E 급이시 높았으며 특히, 콜레스테롤 급이후에 따른 비타민 E의 급이효과가 더욱 뚜렷하엿다. 이러한 효과는 혈장 lipoprotein내 콜레스테롤과 비타민 E의 농도비를 비교함으로서도 분명하였다. 그러나 콜레스테롤과 비타민 E의 동시급이인 경우에는 콜레스테롤 흡수에 대한 비타민 E의 상승효과를 보였다. HDL/LDL 콜레스테롤의 상관비에 대한 비타민 E의 효과 역시 충분한 비타민 E의 존재하에서 높아짐을 보였다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.423-427
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 탈지대두 grits(DSG)와 B. subtilis NUC1균주로 발효시킨 탈지대두 발효물(FD)을 제조한 다음 열풍건조한 시료를 물 추출하여 이들 DSG 물추출물(DW)과 발효된 DSG 물추출물(FDW)의 항혈전 활성과 콜레스테롤 저하 효과를 알아보았다. 그 결과, FDW는 DW보다 항혈전 활성 및 혈소판의 응고 억제 효과가 더 우수하였으며, 유의적으로 높은 HMG-CoA reductase 저해활성을 가졌다. 그러나 DW와 FDW 처리군 둘다 HepG2 세포를 이용한 콜레스테롤 생합성 억제능을 보였고, 대조군에 비해 세포 내의 콜레스테롤 함량을 유의적으로 감소시켰다. 그리고 콜레스테롤 흡착능에서는 FDW만 약 90% 정도의 높은 흡착능을 보였고, DW는 콜레스테롤 흡착능을 보이지 않았다. 따라서 발효된 DSG는 원료인 DSG 보다 항혈전 및 콜레스테롤 개선 효과가 더 우수한 것으로 생각되었다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.275-286
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• 2018

본 연구는 떫은감 청도반시의 분말을 열수 추출하고 칼럼 추출하는 과정에서 획득한 PWE와 TEP에 대한 대사체 프로파일을 분석하고, 유리지방산을 처리한 HepG2 세포와 식이로 고지혈증을 유도한 Wistar계 흰쥐의 간조직을 사용하여 중성지질 및 콜레스테롤 대사 관련 유전자 발현을 측정하였다. 대사체 분석은 가스크로마토그래프-질량분석법과 액체크로마토그래프-질량분석법을 사용하였으며, PLS-DA 분석과 heatmap 분석을 실시한 결과 PWE는 떫은감 분말과 비교적 유사한 대사체 프로파일을, 그리고 TEP는 떫은감 분말과 매우 다른 대사체 프로파일을 가지고 있음을 확인하였다. 세포실험과 또한 세포실험에서 얻어진 결과를 검증하기 위해 수행된 동물실험에서 PWE와 TEP는 모두 SREBP1c와 FAS 유전자 발현을 감소하여 간의 지방축적을 감소시키는 것으로 관찰되었으나, 콜레스테롤 축적을 억제하는 효능은 PWE에 비해 TEP에서 우세하게 증가하는 것이 관찰되었다. 특별히 TEP는 SREBP2, HMGCR 유전자 발현을 억제하고 LDLR 유전자 발현을 촉진하는 것으로 나타났다. TEP는 탄닌 중 Gallic acid 그리고 장쇄지방산아미드인 Oleamide와 Palmitamide 함량이 유의하게 증가되었으므로, 향후 이들 성분과 타깃 유전자의 상관성을 분석하고, 이를 통해 시스템네트워크로 나타내어 대사체 프로파일에 따른 지질 및 콜레스테롤 대사 간 상호 영향을 추가적으로 연구해야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.83-87
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• 2010

The cholesterol-lowering effects of soymilk fermented with Bacillus subtilis KCCM42923 were studied in apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE KO) mice and compared to the cholesterol-lowering effects of soymilk to which cheonggukjang powder had been added. ApoE KO mice were divided into 3 groups (n=7/group). Animals were fed either an atherogenic diet only (AD, control group), an AD supplemented with fermented soymilk containing Corni fructus (FSM group), or an AD supplemented with soymik to which cheonggukjang (CGJ) powder had been added at 5% (w/v) (CPS group) for 8 weeks. The amount of FSM or CPS supplementing the AD was 20.8 mL/kg BW. There were no differences in either body weight gain or organ weights among three groups. In the FSM group, the concentration of plasma total cholesterol (TC) and LDL cholesterol (LDLC) were significantly decreased by 26.2% and 30.3% compared with the values of the control group (p<0.05). However, the triglyceride (TG) and HDL-cholesterol (HDLC) levels were not affected. These beneficial effects of FSM on suppressing the increase in plasma cholesterol level by AD were greater than those of CPS, which revealed 15.4% and 16.4% inhibition for TC and LDLC, respectively. However, these differences between FSM and CPS groups were not significantly different. A preventative effect of FSM or CPS on the accumulation of hepatic TC, but not on TG, was observed. FSM and CPS did not demonstrate any effects on fecal lipid excretion. In conclusion, the cholesterol-lowering effects of the soymilk fermented with Bacillus subtilis KCCM42923 were comparable to CGJ powder-added soymilk. These results suggest that drinking FSM might provide beneficial effects on controlling plasma cholesterol levels.