• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.198-202
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• 2015

In the course of the survey of indigenous species, a red algal Hypnea species was collected from eastern coast of Korea. This species is distinct from other species of Hypnea in having percurrent and cylindrical axis, linear to lanceolate branchlets in axes except their lower portion and medullary cell walls without lenticular thickenings. This Korean entity is identified as Hypnea chordacea K$\ddot{u}$tzing (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) based on those features. This is the first record of Hypnea chordacea in Korea.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.31.1-31.7
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• 2018

Three economic marine algae that have been used as food and carrageenan sources were collected from Korea during a survey of marine algal flora. They share the generic features of Hypnea, and three major clades supported by the sectional features were confirmed in a phylogenetic tree based on rbcL sequences. The first species, which belongs to a species group corresponding to the sect. Spinuligerae, nests in the same clade with Hypnea yamadae in a genetic distance of 0%. It is morphologically characterized by an entangled base, subcompressed or subterete to terete axes, somewhat percurrent main axis, irregularly alternately branching with wide angle, and rarely hooked spinous branchlets. The second one is also referred to the sect. Spinuligerae and formed the same clade as Hypnea cenomyce. The genetic distance between both sequences was calculated as 0.0-0.1%, which is considered to be intraspecific. This species is distinct by somewhat entangled thallus at the basal part, percurrent axis, short spine-like branchlets densely covering the axis, and medullary lenticular thickenings. The third alga, which forms a species group corresponding to the sect. Pulvinatae, nests in the same clade as Hypnea nidulans (no intraspecific divergence). It shows occasionally epiphytic habitat rather than epilithic habitat of low mat-forming growth and percurrent erect main axes with dense lateral branchlets. Based on these morphological and molecular data, the three Korean species are identified as H. yamadae, H. cenomyce, and H. nidulans. This is the first record of the Hypnea species in Korea.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.952-957
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• 2017

In the course of survey of marine algal flora in Korea, a red algal species was collected from Pohang located in the eastern coast of Korea. This shares features of Hypnea, and is characterized by more or less percurrent axis and numerous and short branchlets densely covering axis and branches with basal constrictions, and absence of lenticular thickenings in medullary cell walls. In a phylogenetic tree based on rbcL sequences, this species nests in the same clade as Hypnea esperi. Genetic distance between this Korean entity and H. esperi was in intraspecific range as 0.6%. This alga is identified as Hypnea esperi based on the morphological and molecular data. This is the first record of H. esperi in Korea.

• ALGAE
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.87-100
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• 2017

The genera Hypnea and Calliblepharis of the family Cystocloniaceae are discriminated by their female reproductive structure, especially in the formation of carposporangia and gonimoblasts. Hypnea saidana, once classified based on obsolete evidence, has not been studied phylogenetically using molecular analysis and detailed reproductive structure though it shares many morphologic features with the genus Calliblepharis. To provide better understanding of generic relationship of H. saidana with Hypnea and Calliblepharis, we carried out molecular analyses using the nuclear-encoded small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU) and chloroplast-encoded large subunit of the RuBisCO (rbcL), and exact morphological observations focusing on the reproductive structures of wild specimens. Our molecular phylogeny showed that H. saidana is closely related to Calliblepharis, but distinct from the clade of Hypnea. Female reproductive structure of H. saidana characterized by upwardly developing chains of carposporangia, central reticulum of cell, and gonimoblast filaments not connected to the pericarp provides definite evidence to assign the taxonomic position of this species to Calliblepharis. Based on our combined molecular and morphological analyses, we have proposed Calliblepharis saidana comb. nov., expanding the distribution of Calliblepharis habitat from the eastern Atlantic South Africa, the northern Indian Ocean, Australasia, and Brazil to the western Pacific Ocean.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.1412-1416
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• 2014

한국의 자생해조 발굴연구의 과정에서 털가시우무(Hypnea flagelliformis Greville ex J. Agardh)가 동해 연안에서 채집되었다. 본 종은 뚜렷한 주축, 잘록한 기부의 가지, 주축 및 가지에 밀생하는 다수의 짧은 소지가 있으며, 수세포 벽에 원형질 비후가 없다는 점이 특징적이다. 털가시우무는 한국산 미기록종으로 본 연구에서 처음으로 보고된다.

• ALGAE
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.417-423
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• 2006

Morphology and molecular phylogeny of a red algal species, Hypnea flexicaulis that is recently described from Japan, were investigated based on 23 collections from Korea (21), Taiwan (1), and the Philippines (1). Hypnea flexicaulis has percurrent axes with flexuous, antler-like branches which have wide branching angles, and abaxially curved ultimate branchlets. In order to study DNA divergence and phylogenetic relationships of the species, we determined plastid rbcL and mitochondrial cox1 sequences from the 23 collections. All 21 specimens from five different locations in Korea were almost identical to H. flexicaulis from Japan in rbcL sequences. Although there was a difference of three to five base pairs (bp) between samples from Korea and the Philippines or between the Philippines and Taiwan, Bayesian analyses of the rbcL data showed that all specimens from Korea, Japan, the Philippines, and Taiwan were strongly monophyletic. However, it is interesting that specimens from the Philippines differed by 31-34 base pairs in mitochondrial cox1 gene from those of materials from Korea and Taiwan, which differed by one to seven bp in rbcL between them. Although H. boergesenii is different from H. flexicaulis in having many antler-like branchlets, both appeared as sisters in all analyses of the rbcL data. This is the first report of H. flexicaulis from Korea based on morphology, rbcL, and cox1 gene sequences.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.5071-5074
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• 2016

Background: Azoxymethane (AOM) is a well-known colon cancer-inducing agent in experimental animals via mechanisms that include oxidative stress in rat colon and liver tissue. Few studies have investigated AOM-induced oxidative stress in rat liver tissue. Red seaweeds of the genera Hypnea Bryodies and Melanothamnus Somalensis are rich in polyphenolic compounds that may suppress cancer through antioxidant properties, yet limited research has been carried out to investigate their anti-carcinogenic and antioxidant influence against AOM-induced oxidative stress in rat liver. Objective: This study aims to determine protective effects of red seaweed (Hypnea Bryodies and Melanothamnus Somalensis) extracts against AOM-induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress. Materials and Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats received intraperitoneal injections of AOM, 15 mg/kg body weight, once a week for two consecutive weeks and then orally administered red seaweed (100 mg/kg body-weight) extracts for sixteen weeks. At the end of the experiment all animals were overnight fasted then sacrificed and blood and liver tissues were collected. Results: AOM treatment significantly decreased serum liver markers and induced hepatic oxidative stress as evidenced by increased liver tissue homogenate levels of nitric oxide and malondialdehyde, decreased total antioxidant capacity and glutathione, and inhibition of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase). Both red seaweed extracts abolished the AOM-associated oxidative stress and protected against liver injury as evidenced by increased serum levels of liver function markers. In addition, histological findings confirmed protective effects of the two red seaweed extracts against AOM-induced liver injury. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that red seaweed (Hypnea Bryodies and Melanothamnus Somalensis) extracts counteracted oxidative stress-induced hepatotoxicity in a rat model of colon cancer.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.117-122
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• 1996

The methanolic extracts of some marine natural products were tested for investigating the effects on the formation of lipid peroxide and the activities of free radical generating enzymes. The methanolic extracts of Styela clava, Ecklonia stolonifera, Pachymeniopsis elliptica and Hypnea charoides which decreased the formation of lipid peroxide inhibited the activity of xanthine oxidase about 41, 20, 20 and 21% by adding $100\;{\mu}g/ml$ of each methanolic extracts, respectively. However, the four extracts didn't inhibit the activity of aldehyde oxidase.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.236-243
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• 2014

해양 생물은 중요한 생물자원으로 인식되고 있다. 특히, 해조류 자원은 식용, 유용 유기물질 추출, 바이오연료 생산, 탄소 흡수 등과 같은 많은 잠재적인 이용 가능성을 갖는다. 한국산 자생생물 조사의 일환으로 Halymenia latifolia P.L. Crouan et H.M. Crouan ex Kutzing, Grateloupia livida (Harvey) Yamada and Hypnea boergesenii Tanaka의 3종이 동해 연안에서 채집되었다. 본 3종에 대한 형태학 및 분류학적 주해가 본 연구에서 제시된다. 이 중에서 Halymenia latifolia는 한국산 미기록 종으로 여기서 처음으로 보고된다.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.444-448
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• 1998

Biosorption of Pb and Cu was evaluated for 23 species of marine algae collected from a Korean coast. Among a variety of species for biosorbent potential, Hypnea charoides showed the highest capacity for Pb. An adsorption equilibrium was reached in about 2 hr for Pb and 30 min for Cu. The uptake capacity was 192.8 mg Pb/g biomass and 256 mg Cu/g biomass, respectively. The adsorption parameters for Pb and Cu were determined according to Langmuir model. With an increase in pH value, more negative sites are becoming avaliable for adsorption of pH and Cu, thus the removal of Pb and Cu increases at alkaline conditions. The selectivity of mixture solution shows the uptake order of Pb>Cu>Cr>Cd. When Ca concentration increases in Pb solution, Pb was selectively adsorbed.