• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.433-441
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was performed to identify effects of pneumoperitoneum on hemodynamic changes of hypertensive patients undergoing laparoscopic colectomy under general anesthesia. Methods: Data collection was done from January 2 to June 10, 2008. Seventy-six patients, including 38 hypertensive patients, who had taken antihypertensive drugs more than 1 month and 38 normotensive patients undergoing laparoscopic colectomy were enrolled in this study. The hemodynamic parameters were heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and cardiac output (CO) which were measured 7 times from before induction of anesthesia to 5 min after deflation of the pneumoperitoneum. Collected data were analyzed using Repeated Measures ANOVA and Bonferroni comparison method. Results: HR in the hypertensive group was significantly decreased at deflation of the pneumoperitoneum and 5 min after deflation of the pneumoperitoneum (p=.012). MAP in the hypertensive group was not different from the normotensive group (p=.756). CO in hypertensive group was significantly lower than normotensive group (p<.001) from immediately after pneumoperitoneum to 5 min after deflation of the pneumoperitoneum. Conclusion: The results indicate that pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic surgery does not lead to clinically negative hemodynamic changes in heart rate, mean arterial pressure or cardiac output of hypertensive patients, who have taken antihypertensive drugs for more than 1 month.

• CELLMED
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.1.1-1.4
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• 2019

In spite of the fact that a variety of unfailing guidelines are existing for the management of hypertension, the problem of inadequate managing of this condition still continues. Several classes of existing antihypertensive drugs are associated with various side-effects. Since ancient times before the advent of anti-hypertensive drugs, this disease has been treated by the prominent classical scholars. Various herbal drugs are being used since ages for the treatment of hypertension and some of them are validated too. Evolvulus alsinoides is also one such herb used in classical literature since ages for various disorders like insanity, anxiety, nervous debility, epilepsy, melancholy, palpitation and many others. This review is to highlight the antihypertensive potential of Evolvulus alsinoides.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.215-227
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• 1999

Objectives: To investigate compliance of hypertension patients using modified Theory of Reasoned Action(TRA). Methods: The data were collected for 7-12 April 1997, by interviewing 190 Hypertension patients in Hwachon, Kangwon-do. The analytical techniques employed include contingency table analysis and logit analysis. Results: 15.1% of patients were unaware of the fact that he/she has hypertension and 11.2% did not know that he/she should take drug. 20.8% of patients took drug continuously, 20.1% had drug intermittently, and 53.1% had never have treatment. In the contingency table analysis, several variables were found to be significantly related to patient compliance. They included variables for attitude towards the consequences of taking drugs, normative beliefs, systolic BP at the enrollment, knowledge of how to take hypertensive drugs, variables for general health behavior and experience with having health worker's home visit. The logit analysis was performed by two steps. first step uses experience with drug treatment of hypertension as the dependent variable, and second step uses continuity of treatment. Included in the predictors that are significantly related to the former analysis are subjected norms produced by combining normative beliefs and motivation to comply, knowledge of how to take hypertensive drugs, and opinion about natural recovery of diseases. The only significant determinant of continuous treatment was knowledge of how to take hypertensive drugs. Conclusions: The results of analysis suggest the usefulness of TRA as a framework for the study of compliance of hypertensive patients. The findings have some practical implication as well. One is that efforts for enhancing compliance should be directed not only patients but also to other persons influencing patient's attitude and behavior. It also suggest that correct understanding of hypertension treatment is essential to perform the appropriate patient role.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.255-264
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• 2008

Objectives: This study adopted a qualitative method to explore the layman's beliefs and experience concerning high blood pressure and its management in order to develop a strategy to increase adherence to proper medical treatment. Methods: Semi-structured interviews that focused on personal experiences with hypertension and its management were conducted with 26 hypertensive patients. The participants were selected according to a BP above 140/90 mmHg (hypertension stage 1), based on the seventh report of the Joint National Committee on prevention, detection, evaluation and treatment of high blood pressure (JNC-VII). The interviews lasted for approximately 30 minutes (range: 20-60 minutes). The resulting questions were formulated into open-ended questions. The interview questionnaire was composed 17 items to examine non-adherence to treatment and 19 items to examine adherence to treatment. Results: Most participants recognized that the direct cause of high blood pressure was unhealthy behavior rather than inheritance. Thus, the hypertensive patient believed they could recover their blood pressure to a normal level through removing the direct cause of hypertension (weight reduction, diet, exercise) instead of taking drugs. The reasons for these statements were that the drugs for controlling hypertension are not natural or they are artificial, and they may have side effects, and drugs are not treatment for the root cause of hypertension. Most of the hypertensive patients chose to manage their behaviors as soon as they knew their blood pressure was high. Therefore, we should not divide the subjects into two groups according to their taking drugs or not, but they should be divided into two groups according to their willingness or not to manage their condition. Conclusions: For developing a strategy for an individual approach to hypertension management, we need to develop a client-centered attitude and strategy. That is, we need to tailor our approach to individual cases to avoid generalizations and stereotyping when developing an adherence increasing strategy.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 1980.09a
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• pp.1-3
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• 1980

To investigate the effect of ginseng on blood pressure (B.P.) in spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) and essential hypertension ginseng extract was given per se daily in 58 SHR and 35 essential hypertensive patients. SHR were divided into 5 groups according to the dosage of ginseng. In essential hypertension 1,000mg of ginseng extract was given. The B.P. in SHR was measured by tail cuff method. In essential hypertension side effect and changes in various laboratory examinations were evaluated. In SHR ginseng appeared to have hypertensive effect when it is given in small amount(10mg/kg). However, when it is given 60mg/kg/day or more difinite B.P. lowering effect was observed. The hypotensive effect was dosedependant and it lasted for 37days of observation. In essential hypertension in 12 $(80\%)$ among 15 patients hypotensive effect was seen with ginseng administration along and the effect lasted for 12 weeks. In the rest of hypertensive patients it is required addition of diuretics of other antihypertensive drugs to decrease B.P., no appreciable side effect was seen. In laboratory examinations no significant changes were seen except for serum cholesterol, ${\alpha}-and\;{\beta}-lipoprotein,$ and hematocrit. There was some evidence of relationship between plasma renin activity (PRA) and ginseng in hypotensive action.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.9-18
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• 2020

Objectives This study verified the clinical effectiveness of Qigong exercise therapy for individuals with hypertension. Methods Ten electronic databases were used for information retrieval. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using Qigong exercise therapy as a treatment for hypertension were included in this study. Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to assess the methodological quality of each RCT. Results After a thorough review, six RCTs were deemed eligible. These studies were divided into two groups: Qigong vs. no intervention and Qigong plus anti-hypertensive drug vs. anti-hypertensive drug alone. Among the six RCTs, four studies were Qigong vs. no intervention, and two studies were Qigong plus anti-hypertensive drug vs. anti-hypertensive drug alone. The meta-analysis demonstrated that adding Qigong exercise to anti-hypertensive drug treatment lowers diastolic blood pressure more than the anti-hypertensive drug alone. Conclusions Although Qigong exercise is not widely used in the Korean medical field, the results of this study demonstrated the necessity of exercise while controlling hypertension. However, the number of included studies was small, with their high risk of bias. In conclusion, although it is difficult to determine whether Qigong exercise lowers blood pressure in hypertensive patients, exercise including Qigong must be parallel with the intake of anti-hypertensive drugs.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.223-230
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was done to investigate compliance with health behaviors among patients who are hypertensive. Method: The participants in this study were 121 outpatients with hypertension. Compliance with health behaviors was measured using a questionnaire developed by the researchers. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Duncan's multiple range test and chi square test. Results: According to tile general characteristics of the participants, compliance with medication and diet was higher among women than men, among high school graduates than middle school graduates or those with lower academic qualifications, and among those who were unemployed compared to those who were employed. Compliance with alcohol abstinence or not smoking was higher among women than men, and among those who were unemployed compared to those who were employed. According to the risk factors of hypertension, compliance with health behaviors was significantly higher in those who had associated diseases. The participants in the group with a hypertension morbidity period longer than 10 years did exercise more than 3 times a week and regularly weighed themselves once or more a week. The item showing highest compliance concerning medication and diet was 'Take prescribed drugs regularly', while the one showing lowest was 'Take drugs with knowledge about their side effects'.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.379-389
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• 1992

In order to investigate the effect of nifedipine, $Ca^{+2}$ channel antagoninst, on the action of some drugs participating in blood pressure, this experiment was peformed in rabbits. Nifedipine decreased the pressor actions of norepinephrine, angiotensin and carotid artery clamping, but did not affect the pressor actions of tyramine and depressor actions of acetylcholine and pilocarpine. Nifedipine inhibited the potentiated pressor action of norepinephrine and angiotensin, but did not influence the potentiated pressor action of tyramine in rabbits pretreated with chlorisondamine, ganglionic blocking agent. Nifedipine weakened the potentiated pressor action of norepinephrine, did not affect the pressor action of angiotensin and the potentiated pressor action of tyramine in rabbits pretreated with debrisoquine, sympathetic neuronal blocking agent.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.62-67
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• 2000

Background and Purpose: Sybsun-points are located at the tips of all fingers, 0.1chon from the finger nails, totaling 10 points on both hands. These points have been used for emergency care, fainting, epilepsy, cerebrovascular accidents, hypertension, unconsciousness, high fever etc. The most common technique is bleeding with a needle at these points. Hypertension and fever are the main factors for stroke patients’progress. We investigated whether venesection at Sybsun-points has effects on blood pressure and body temperature in stroke patients. Materials and Methods: 79 stroke patients were enrolled in this study from 1 Jan. 1999 to 30 Sep. 1999. All of them were admitted in Kyunghee University, Hospital of Oriental Medicine. Among them, 62 patients were hypertensive people, 17 were normal. Among the hypertensive patients, 27 were stage 1,20 were stage 2, 15 were stage 3 by classification of JNC 1997. All of the hypertensive patients had been taking drugs, while the normal group did not. From 2pm to 3pm, every 30 minutes we checked patients' blood pressure and body temperature by 24ABPM and tympanic thermometer. After 30 minutes passed, we phlebotomized patients Sybsun-points with Samneung needle 2-3cc of blood. Right after the bleeding, we checked blood pressure and body temperature. After the bleeding, for the next hour and a half, we checked each patient’s blood pressure and body temperature every thirty minutes, or a total of three times. We compared the blood pressure and the body temperature before and after treatment(p<0.05). Results: 1. Venesection at Sybsun-points significantly decreased systolic blood pressure on stage 3 hypertensive patients(p<0.0l). 2. Venesection at Sybsun-points significantly decreased diastolic blood pressure on stage 3 hypertensive patients(p<0.05) 3. Venesection at Sybsun-points had no effect on the change of body temperature. Conclusions: Though further study is needed, our findings suggest that Venesection at Sybsun-points may alleviate hypertension in stroke patients.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2012

Objectives: Several practice guidelines recommended both medication and behavior modification to control hypertension. The objective of this study was to analyze ambulatory care utilization pattern and related factors. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted among 45,267 new users who initiated treatment with hypertensive drugs in 2003. Korean National Health Insurance Claims Data was used to study the medical care utilization behavior and related factors after treatment initiation for up to four years. Taking prescription was considered as medical care utilization. Results: More than 20% of patients discontinued visiting physicians for prescription after initiating antihypertensive drug therapy. The average number of institutions visited by patients was about 1.3 annually. Clinic was the most frequently visited institution by patients. In GEE analysis, probability of continuous visit one institution after initiating antihypertensive drug treatment increased in patients who were women, old, have comorbidity, visited clinic or hospital mainly in previous year. Conclusions: Young hypertensive male patients who have no major comorbidity showed high possibility to discontinue medical service utilization. It is necessary to educate these targeted patients about importance of hypertension management in early stage after treatment initiation.