• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.1-18
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• 2002

The subjects were 420 workers who received oriental and western health examination both in the workplaces for 1 month. This study was planned for the reflection of western health examination results through evaluation of Sasang constitution with use of data from western health examination, and for the presentation of basic data applicable to constitutional medicine with preventive medicine. Data that were collected in field research were analyzed into frequencies, One-Way ANOVA, Chi-square testing by the study purposes, and the research results were as follows: 1. The distribution of Sasang constitution in 420 subjects was Taeumin > Soumin > Soyangin, and the general characteristics of subject by Sasang constitution were no significant difference. 2. For the measured values for body by the subject of Sasang constitution, Taeumin had higher value for height, body weight, systolic and diastolic blood pressure than other 2 constitutions. Soumin had the lowest values in average for all items, and on the other hand, Soyangin had high pulse pressure compared to other constitutions. It was significant difference between constitutions. 3. For the hematological average, Taeumin had high average for FBS, Total-C, GPT, and Taeumin ,and Soyangin had high in Hb compared to Soumin. Soyangin had the highest average for ${\gamma}-GPT$, and there were significant differences between FBS, Total-C, Hb, GPT, ${\gamma}-GTP$, excepting for GOT. 4. For the result of health examination by the Sasang constitution of subject, Taeumin showed the highest percentage in the items of obesity, primary care, secondary suspicion, and showed significant difference by the constitution. For the distribution of the past disease history by the health examination result of Sasang constitution, Taeumin and Soumin had high prevalence rate for hypertension, liver disease, and Soyangin had high prevalence rate for liver disease, hypertension. For the requirement of lifestyle improvement to the subject, the highest requirements by the Sasang constitution were physical exercise for Soumin, regulation of body weight for Taeumin, and it showed significant difference. For the requirement of primary care by the constitution, the highest requiremetns were obesity control for Taeumin, blood pressure control for Soumin, Soyangin, and liver suspicion was the highest distribution for each constitution in the case of having decision for secondary suspicion.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.170-177
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• 2015

Objectives: The goal of this study was to examine the association of various demographic and socioeconomic factors with risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods: We used nationally representative pooled data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), 2007-2013. We estimated the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation. We defined CKD as a GFR <60 mL/min/$1.73m^2$, and 1304 of the 45 208 individuals included in the KNHANES were found to have CKD by this definition. The outcome variable was whether individual subjects adhered to the CKD prevention and management guidelines recommended by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The guidelines suggest that individuals maintain a normal weight, abstain from alcohol consumption and smoking, manage diabetes and hypertension, and engage in regular exercise in order to prevent and manage CKD. Results: This study found that individuals with CKD were more likely to be obese and have hypertension or diabetes than individuals without CKD. In particular, male and less-educated CKD patients were less likely to adhere to the guidelines. Conclusions: Although the prevalence of CKD, as indicated by the KNHANES data, decreased from 2007 to 2013, the prevalence of most risk factors associated with CKD fluctuated over the same time period. Since a variety of demographic and socioeconomic factors are related to the successful implementation of guidelines for preventing and managing CKD, individually tailored prevention activities should be developed.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.142-152
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• 2010

Objective : This study was done to investigate the effect of Gamioknyeo-jeon (GOJ) on spontaneously hypertensive rats. Methods : Spontaneously hypertensive rats were sensitized and challenged with GOJ for 4 weeks. the experimental group was treated with 56.7mg/kg/day of GOJ orally while the control group was treated with 56.7mg/kg/day of normal saline instead. Results : 1. GOJ significantly showed safety against cytotoxicity and toxicity in the liver. 2. GOJ significantly decreased the heart rate and the blood pressure in Spontaneously hypertensive rats. 3. GOJ significantly decreased the levels of aldosterone in Spontaneously hypertensive rats. 4. GOJ significantly decreased the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in Spontaneously hypertensive rats. 5. GOJ significantly decreased the levels of potassium and chloride in Spontaneously hypertensive rats. 6. GOJ significantly decreased the levels of uric acid, BUN and creatinine in Spontaneously hypertensive rats. Conclusion : These results suggest that GOJ might be useful in treatment of hypertension.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.82-109
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• 2015

Objectives This research was proposed to present Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG) for Prevention of Sasangin disease pattern of Sasang Constitutional Medicine (SCM) and diseases closely related with Sasang constitution. Each CPG was developed by the national-wide experts committee consisting of SCM professors. Methods At first, we searched the literatures related to SCM such as "Dongeuisusebowon", Textbook of SCM and Clinical Guidebook of SCM. Also we searched the articles related to the studies about risk factors for Sasangin disease pattern of both at home and abroad. Finally, we selected leading risk factors of Sasangin disease pattern and developed CPG for prevention of Sasangin disease pattern of SCM. And then, we searched the literatures related SCM such as "Dongeuisusebowon" and the articles on the correlation between disease and Sasang constitution using case-control studies, observational studies or cross sectional studies of both at home and abroad. Next, we selected diseases closely related with Sasang constitution on the basis of articles including prevalence rate and odds ratio between disease and Sasang constitution and finally developed CPG for these diseases. Results and Conclusions We categorized risk factors of Sasang disease pattern into 2 types: non-modifiable and potentially modifiable. 3 items (age, sex and genetic factors) were classified as non-modifiable risk factors of Sasang disease pattern. 6 items (original symptom, stress, diet and nutrition, physical activity, alcohol and drug misuse) were classified as less well-documented or potentially modifiable risk factors of Sasangin disease pattern. We found out Sasang constitution is more likely to develop some diseases. It was proven that Sasang constitution increase the risk of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, stroke, nonalcoholic fatty liver and obstructive sleep apnea. And there is high probability of Sasang constitution being potential risk factor for obesity, hyperlipidemia, allergy and cancer. Also, we found out Taeeumin is independent risk factor for hypertension, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, stroke, nonalcoholic fatty liver and obstructive sleep apnea. Therefore we recommend that Taeeumin need to prevent these disease by regular checkups and aggressive management.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.397-404
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• 2009

In this study, we examined food intake, sodium intake, and satiety rate for different methods of consuming soup. Healthy young women (n=50) participated in this study. The subjects ate cooked rice and soup using a method that they preferred and then they were assigned into separate intake groups based on how they consumed their rice and soup. One group consisted of women that ate their soup and cooked rice separately (separate intake group, n=30). The second group consisted of the women who mixed the rice and the soup prior to consumption (mixed intake group, n=20). The mixed intake group consumed significantly more food (p<0.001) and sodium (p<0.05) than the separate intake group. Because of the high water content and ease of swallowing for the mixed intake method, the eating rate of the mixed intake group (42.5 g/min) was significantly higher than that of the separate intake group (28.8 g/min) (p<0.01). However, despite consuming 79.5 g more food at lunch, the rates of satiety were not significantly different before and after eating between the mixed intake and separate intake group. Therefore, eating rate, consumption norms and concept of "clean one's bowl" may influence food intake and sodium intake. Although more studies are needed, these data suggest eating cooked rice and soup separately may help to control obesity and hypertension.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.5-13
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• 2014

Objectives : This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture and explore the appropriate number of treatment for postmenopausal women diagnosed with prehypertension and stage 1 hypertension. Methods : A 4-arm randomized open label pilot trial will be performed at 2 centers. Sixty participants will be divided into 2 treatment groups and 2 control groups. Treatment groups will receive acupuncture at 8 points(bilateral GB20, LI11, ST36, SP6) for 4 weeks(treatment group A, 10 total sessions) or 8 weeks(treatment group B, 20 total sessions), while maintaining usual care. Control groups will not receive acupuncture but will be under usual care for 16 weeks(control group C) or 20 weeks(control group D). Each patient's living habits will be corrected and drugs that may affect blood pressure(BP) will be prohibited. Treatment group A and control group C will be evaluated at 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks after randomization, while treatment group B and control group D will be evaluated at 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 weeks after randomization. The major outcome variable is the magnitude of change in diastolic BP levels at 4 weeks after randomization; auxiliary outcome variables are (1) diastolic BP change at 8, 16, and 20 weeks, (2) systolic BP change, (3) BP control rate, (4) lipid profiles, and (5) high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. Patient safety will be assessed at every visit. Results and Conclusions : The study findings may help develop evidence for the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture for BP control.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.115-128
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• 2001

This study was carried out to offer the basic data for more qualitative lives of the adulthood with obesity through their health maintenance and control. So, the researcher reviewed and analyzed the health problems of the subjects according to sex, age, and positive rate on the screening tests. The subjects were 91 obese persons in K university hospital in Seoul from December 1, 2000 to January 31, 2001. A Questionnaire developed by researcher to obtain subject's general characteristics, main symptoms, medical examination, diagnosed disease was used as the tool for the study. The results of this study are as follows: 1. For the distribution of diagnosis in subjects, liver disease was most frequent and hypertension was second. 2 The most common complaints were indigestion in the digestive system, throat pain in the respiratory system, dyspnea in cardiovascular system, thirsty in endocrine system, frequent urine in the urinary system, vertigo in the hematologic system. 3. The main symptoms according to sex were for females, a statistically significant higher rate of complaints in the digestive system, musculoskeletal system as compared to males. 4. The main symptoms according to age were that in the fourth decade there were higher rate of complaints in the musculoskeletal system. 5. In screening tests according to sex, males showed a higher positive rate for Alk-Phosphatase and females, in FBS, urine-micro, VDRL. 6. In screening tests according to age, higher positive rates of BP, Chest X-ray, mammography, ESR, CRP were seen in the fourth decades. 7. Obesity was positively related to cardiovascular system, endocrine system, urinary system, musculoskeletal system, mental and nervous system in main symptoms. 8. Obesity was positively related to BP, Sonography, FBS, SGOT, SGPT in screening tests.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.101-107
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• 2006

Object : Since autonomic nerve system dysfunction was known as the mechanism of panic disorder, many researchers used heart rate variability (HRV) as means of measuring autonomic nerve function of patients with panic disorder. We aimed to examine the effect of paroxetine medication for 3 months on symptom improvement and change of heart rate variability of the patients with panic disorder. Methods : The subjects were patients with panic disorder who visited the psychiatric outpatient clinic of Samsung Medical Center in Seoul. We included panic disorder patients who were aged from 20 to 50 and in normal BMI range (from 18 to 30) to minimize the effect of age and weight on HRV data. We excluded the patients with EKG abnormalities, hypertension or other major psychiatric disorders. They took 20-40 mg paroxetine medication a day for 3 months. Alprazolam was used only during the first month to control the acute panic symptoms and was tapered off after that. We measured the acute panic inventory (API), Hamilton rating scale for anxiety and depression (HAM-A & HAM-D), Spielberger state-trait anxiety inventory (STAIS, STAIT), and Beck depression inventory (BDI) in order to assess clinical improvement of the patients. And we measured time and frequency domain HRV in the resting, standing and cognitive stress states to assess the change of HRV. All measurements were done before and after paroxetine treatment. Result : After paroxetine medication, patients showed significant improvement in all psychiatric scales. In time domain of HRV, standard deviations of all R-R intervals (SDNN) were significantly increased in all states. In frequency domain of HRV, the ratio of high frequency to total power (HF/TP) in the standing state was significantly increased. Conclusion : After 3 months paroxetine medication, panic disorder patients showed significant clinical improvement and change in HRV data such as SDNN in all states and HF/TP ratio in the standing state. This result suggests that paroxetine medication is effective for the improvement of autonomic nerve system dysfunction in panic disorder patients.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.137-144
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• 1987

The main purpose of this study was to examine the validity of the vital sign as an instrument of stress reaction measurement. From July to August 1986, stress reaction was evaluated by the difference of endoscopic vital sign on 93 G-I troubled out-patients who underwent endoscopy for the first time and did not have any evidence of cardiovascular disease. The data were analysed by x$^2$-test, Paired . t-test, ANCOVA and Multiple Comparison Test. The result of study were as follows: 1. The frequency of gastric disease was differed by the family type, and the mobility of gastritis and gastric cancer were more increased in nuclear family than in large family (p=0.019). 2. In a comparison of before with after 5 minutes endoscopic vital sign, and a Pulse rate (P=0.0001), respiration rate (p=0.0001), systolic blood pressure (p=0.0002) and diastolic blood Pressure (P=0.006) were significantly increased after 5minutes by endoscopy in contrast with before 5minutes. 3. The control of before 5 minutes of endoscopic vital sign, after 5 minutes of endoscopic systolic (p=0.024) and diastolic blood pressure (p=0.0146) were more elevated in biopsyed group than in non-biopsyed, group. And after 5minutes of endoscopic respiration rate was more increased in gastric cancer than in gastritis (p=0.0406) or gastric ulcer (p=0.0073). And after 5 minutes of endoscopic systolic blood pressure was elevated over 50years old men (P=0.0238). In short, the increase of a pulse rate af ter 5 minutes of endoscopy was not influenced by general characteristics of samples in this experiment. And systolic blood pressure over 50years old men must be considered of physiological hypertension.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.210-218
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• 2017

The intake of dietary salt through food now exceeds current nutritional recommendations and is thought to have negative effects on human health, such as the increasing prevalence of hypertension. This study was performed to investigate whether $W_1/O/W_2$ double emulsions can be used to enhance the saltiness of cheese without increasing the salt content ($W_1$ is distilled water or 1% abalone hydrolysate, and $W_2$ is 1% NaCl or 1% abalone hydrolysate + 1% NaCl solution). We also investigated the effect of adding abalone hydrolysate to the double emulsion as a saltiness enhancer. The cheeses were physico-chemically evaluated to determine curd yield, pH value, moisture content, color, texture, salt release rate, and sensory properties. No significant differences were observed in curd yield, pH value, moisture content, lightness, or redness between the cheeses made with and without the double emulsion. However, in the evaluation of salt release rate, fresh cheese made with double emulsion ($W_1$ = distilled water, $W_2$ = 1% NaCl + 1% abalone hydrolysate) was detected earlier than the control or the other treatments. In the sensory evaluation, fresh cheese made with the double emulsion showed higher scores for saltiness and overall preference than the control or the other treatments. We concluded that abalone hydrolysate encapsulated in a double emulsion ($W_1$ is water and $W_2$ is abalone hydrolysate and NaCl solution) could enhance the saltiness of fresh cheese while maintaining the same salt concentration, without altering its physical properties.