• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.17-38
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• 2011

Objectives : This study aims to provide the fundamental information for future researches on combined medications of the oriental-western medicines or development of new Oriental medicine for hypertension. Methods : Every article related to hypertension was initially searched at journal web site, 'OASIS' and we finally analyzed 118 papers according to study types, kinds of herbal medicine, frequencies of herbal medicine, and results of researches. Results : Most studies were experiment researches which were composed of in vivo or in vitro. The formulas divided into 41 single and 99 complex prescriptions and total 218 medicinal materials were used in complex ones. The major effects of single prescriptions were decrease of the control of ACE activity and ANP concentration, while the effects of complex ones were various such as decrease of aldosteron concentration, decrease of epinephrine concentration, decrease of the heart rate, and decrease of dopamine concentration. Conclusions : More clinical studies based on scientific evidences should be done and the outcomes of this pilot study will contribute to development of Oriental medicines as substitute or combination for the western-hypertension remedies.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.188-193
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• 2020

뇌졸중은 사망발생 및 장애를 일으키는 주요 원인 질환이며, 당뇨병은 뇌졸중의 주요 위험인자이다. 당뇨병 환자가운데 뇌졸중을 동반한 환자에서 적정 혈압 관리의 중요성을 알아보고자 한다. 제6기 국민건강영양조사 자료를 바탕으로 18세 이상 80세 미만자 총 16,389명을 대상으로 회귀분석을 통하여 당뇨병 유병기간에 따른 혈압조절을 통한 뇌졸중의 위험도를 산정하였다. 당뇨병 유무에 따른 뇌졸중의 유병률은 당뇨병 환자 군에서 높았고, 당뇨병의 유병기간이 길어질수록 고혈압과 뇌졸중의 위험도는 상승하였으며, 당뇨병과 고혈압에 대한 치료 비율은 높았다. 고혈압군에 비해 적정 혈압 유지군(<140/<90 mmHg)에서 뇌졸중 위험비(HR)는 0.57 낮았다. 당뇨병과 고혈압에 대한 치료가 동반됨에도 불구하고 고혈압의 빈도는 상승하였고, 당뇨병 유병기간 5년 이후 뇌졸중의 유병률이 상승함에 따라 이 시기의 효과적인 혈압관리가 더욱 중요하다. 당뇨병 환자에서 지속적으로 적정 혈압으로 관리함으로써 뇌졸중 위험도를 낮추는 것이 중요하다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.439-453
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• 2011

This study was performed to determine dietary and lifestyle factors associated with hypertension in Korean adolescents. Study subjects were 12~19 years (n = 521) adolescents who participated in the 2005 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES III). Subjects were divided into the hypertensive group (HG, n = 102) and normotensive group (NG, n = 419) by '2007 Korean children and adolescents growth standard' and the relationships between blood pressure and physical measurement, nutrients intakes, eating behaviors and health related factors were analyzed. HG showed significantly higher levels in weight, waist circumference and BMI than NG. The amount of nutrient intakes was not different between NG and HG. Index of nutritional quality (INQ) for phosphate was higher in HG compared with NG. In both male and female HG, INQ for iron was higher but INQ for vitamin B1 was lower than NG. HG revealed higher consumption frequencies of snack, yoghurt, and ice cream compared with NG. In eating and behavioral factors, 'dinner with family', 'eat proper amount', 'keep Korean traditional diet', alcohol drinking, and mean alcohol intake were significantly different between the two groups. By logistic regression method, risk factors for hypertension revealed in this study were gender (male), age (15~19 years), BMI (${\geq}\;85$ percentile), and not keeping Korean traditional diet. These results suggest that education program for hypertension prevention in adolescents should include eating habits improvement and lifestyle modification as well as weight control.

• 가정의학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.325-332
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• 2018

Background: Hypertension is a major contributor to the global disease burden of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. The aim of this study was to determine demographic and clinical factors associated with adherence to antihypertensive medication. Methods: From August 2012 to February 2015, we recruited 1,523 Korean patients with hypertension who visited family physicians. The study was conducted in 24 facilities located in urban and metropolitan areas. Of these facilities, two were primary care clinics and 22 were level 2 or 3 hospitals. Adherence was assessed using the pill count method; a cut-off value of 80% was used as the criterion for good adherence. Sociodemographic and lifestyle factors were compared between the adherent and nonadherent groups using the chi-square test for categorical variables and t-test for continuous variables. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed with medication adherence as the outcome variable. Results: Of the 1,523 patients, 1,245 (81.7%) showed good adherence to antihypertensive medication. In the multivariate logistic analysis, age ${\geq}65$ years, exercise, treatment in a metropolitan-located hospital, being on ${\geq}2$ classes of antihypertensive medication and concomitant medication for diabetes, and a family history of hypertension or cardiovascular diseases were associated with good adherence. Patients who had a habit of high salt intake were less adherent to medication. Conclusion: Multiple classes of antihypertensive medications, concomitant medication, and exercise were associated with good adherence to antihypertensive medication, and high salt intake was associated with poor adherence to antihypertensive medication. These factors should be considered to improve hypertension control.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2015

Objectives : Polygoni Multiflori Radix (Jeokhasuo in Korean) is a Oriental traditional herbs widely used in East Asian countries. Overconsumption of fructose results in hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity and impaired glucose tolerance which have documented as a risk of cardiovascular diseases. This experimental study was designed to investigate the beneficial effects of an ethanol extract from Polygoni Multiflori Radix (PMR) in high-fructose (HF) diet-induced metabolic syndrome rat model. Methods : Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into three groups; Control group, receiving regular diet and tap water, HF group, and HF + PMR group both receiving supplemented with 65% fructose (n=10), respectively. The HF + PMR group initially received HF diet with PMR (100 mg/kg/day) for 8 weeks. Results : PMR significantly prevented the metabolic disturbances such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension and impaired glucose tolerance. Chronic treatment with PMR significantly decreased body weight, fat weight and adipocyte size, suggesting a role of anti-obesity effect. PMR led to improve the hyperlipidemia through the increase in HDL cholesterol level as well as the decrease in triglyceride and LDL cholesterol level. In addition, PMR suppressed adhesion molecules and endothelin-1 (ET-1) expression in aorta resulting in the decrease of hypertension. In muscle tissue, PMR significantly recovered the HF-induced insulin resistance through increase of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), p-$AMPK{\alpha}1/2$, and p-Akt expression. PMR improved HF-induced metabolic disorders and its action was caused by energy metabolism-mediated insulin signaling activation. Conclusions : These results demonstrate that PMR may be a beneficial therapeutic for metabolic syndrome through the improvement of hyperlipidemia, obesity, insulin resistance and hypertension.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.138-147
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• 2004

Purpose: This study was done to evaluate the effects of foot reflexology on blood pressure, serum lipids, fatigue and self-efficacy in patients with hypertension. Methods: The research was done between June 23 and July 31, 2003 and the design was an experimental treatment design. The thirty-four participants were assigned to either an experimental group (18) or a control group (16), Foot reflexology was administered twice a week for 6 weeks to participants in the experimental group. Results: There was a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure and diastolic pressure in the experimental group compared to the control group. After the foot reflexology, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels for the experimental group did not decrease significantly compared to the control group. High density lipoprotein find low density lipoprotein levels also did not decrease significantly after foot reflexology Fatigue in the experimental group decreased significantly after foot reflexology. Self-efficacy in the experimental group did not decrease significantly after foot reflexology. Conclusion: The results show that foot reflexology is an effective nursing: intervention to decrease systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and to treat fatigue but not serum lipids. Therefore, blood cholesterol should be further evaluated with a larger group of participants and for a longer period. Further research is necessary to evaluate and to compare effects of self-foot reflexology and foot reflexology.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.297-310
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 강화연구(서일, 2004)를 통해 수집된 277명의 환자-대조군 자료와 40개의 가계 자료를 이용하여 ACE(angiotensin-I converting enzyme) 유전자 내에 있는 4개의 단일염기다형성(single nucleotide polymorphism; SNP)으로 이루어진 일배체형(haplotype)과 고혈압의 관련성을 알아보고자 한다. 이를 위해 일배체형에 기초한 환자-대조군의 우도비 검정과 가계 자료의 TDT(transmission/disequilibrium test) 연구를 수행하고자 한다. 또한 이 일배체형을 동정(identification)할 수 있는 tag-SNPs에 기초하여 동일한 연구를 하고자 하며, Seltman 등(2003)이 제안한 분기도(cladogram) 분석 방법을 써서 일배체형의 진화 과정에서 가깝게 위치하고 질병 발생 위험이 비슷한 클레이드(clade)를 찾아내고 이 클레이드와 고혈압의 연관성을 살펴보고자 한다.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.123-133
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• 2006

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the Effect of Electro acupuncture at Kugmun $(P_4)$ and Naegwan $(P_6)$ on EKG of hypertension patients. Methods Subjects were ten patients who showed abnormal findings on EKG. They were divided into two Groups, Experiment Group and Control Group. Experiment Croup received electro acupuncture at Kugmun $(P_4)$ and Naegwan $(P_6)$ and Control Group at non acupoint. EKG was measured before and after electro acupuncture stimulation. Results : Five out of ten improved EKG findings by Kugmun $(P_4)$ and Naegwan $(P_6)$ and nine out of ten changed the pulse by Kugmun $(P_4)$ and Naegwan $(P_6)$. It showed significant change compared with Control Group that received electro acupuncture at non acupoint. In fact Kugmun $(P_4)$ and Naegwan $(P_6)$ is able to cure chest pain, hypertension, chest discomfort, palpitation, insomnia, headache, and so on. It proved that it has ability of controling heart function. Conclusions : In conclusion, electro acupuncture at Kugmun $(P_4)$ and Naegwan $(P_6)$ changed EKG findings and Pulse. Especially electro acupuncture at Kugmun $(P_4)$ and Naegwan $(P_6)$ decreased the pulse for tachycardia and increased the pulse for bradycardia. It is thought that it makes to consist vital homeostasis.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제13권1_2호
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• pp.23-29
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• 1979

To evaluate the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in diabetes mellitus, basal plasma renin activity (PRA) and its response to intravenous furosemide were determined in 40 diabetic subjects. The diabetics were divided into 4 groups according to the pressence of nephropathy and/or hypertension. Uncomplicated diabetics (Group I) were taken as control group and the results of the ether groups were compared to this group. In diabetics with nephropathy alone (Group II), and with nephropathy and hypertension (Group III), basal PRA values were $0.63{\pm}0.59ng/ml/hr.,\;and\;0.79{\pm}0.62ng/ml/hr.,$ respectively, both significantly lower than control group. ($1.53{\pm}1.09ng/ml/hr.$). (p<0.05) In both of the above groups, the responses to intravenous furosemide tended to be blunted. On the other hand, in diabetics with hypertension only (Group IV), the basal and stimulated PRA were not significantly different from control. Above results suggests that nephropathy may be one of the factors which suppress renin activity in diabetes mellitus.

• 약학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.487-493
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• 1999

Effects of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) on the anti-pulmonary hypertensive action of enalapril were evaluated in rats. Pulmonary hypertension was induced by monocrotaline treatment (60mg/kg, i.p.) in normotensive rats. In the systolic pulmonary artery pressure, the control group was 33$\pm$2 mmHg, comparing to the normal group of 19$\pm$1 mmHg. That of enalapril group(20mg/kg/day, p.o.) was 26$\pm$2 mmHg. In the isolated lung preparation, acetylcholine, which was endothelium dependent vasodilator, induced the decrease of pulmonary artery perfusion pressure(-2.0$\pm$0.7 mmHg) in normal group, but the increase of that of 3.4$\pm$0.6 and 3.0$\pm$0.9 mmHg in control and enalapril group, respectively. And that of the combined group was -0.5$\pm$0.2 mmHg. In the isolated pulmonary artery, acetylcholine(10-5M) induced the relaxation of 65$\pm$6% in normal group, but 15 and 8% in control and enalapril group, respectively. And that of the combined group was resulted 55$\pm$2%. These results suggested that co-administration of Ginkgo biloba extract(EGb 761) potentiated the anti-pulmonary hypertensive effects of enalapril through the increase of pulmonary vasodilation due to the protection of endothelial cell by antioxidant action of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761).