• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.25.2-25.2
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• 1978

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.20-26
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• 2024

The etiology and pathophysiology of delayed inflammatory reactions caused by hyaluronic acid fillers have not yet been elucidated. Previous studies have suggested that the etiology can be attributed to the hyaluronic acid filler itself, patient's immunological status, infection, and injection technique. Hyaluronic acid fillers are composed of high-molecular weight hyaluronic acids that are chemically cross-linked using substances such as 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDDE). The mechanism by which BDDE cross-links the two hyaluronic acid disaccharides is still unclear and it may exist as a fully reacted cross-linker, pendant cross-linker, deactivated cross-linker, and residual cross-linker. The hyaluronic acid filler also contains impurities such as silicone oil and aluminum during the manufacturing process. Impurities can induce a foreign body reaction when the hyaluronic acid filler is injected into the body. Aseptic hyaluronic acid filler injections should be performed while considering the possibility of biofilm formation or delayed inflammatory reaction. Delayed inflammatory reactions tend to occur when patients experience flu-like illnesses; thus, the patient's immunological status plays an important role in delayed inflammatory reactions. Large-bolus hyaluronic acid filler injections can induce foreign body reactions and carry a relatively high risk of granuloma formation.

• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.117-128
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• 1997

Abdominal skin tissues of ICR mouse painted with Dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) were observed to investigate the delayed type hypersensitivity of skin by chemical allergen as hapten. The abdominal skin tissues were obtained at hour 48 after secondary DNCB sensitization that were stained by Luna's method for mast cell, and immunohistochemical stain method for IL-2 receptor. The superficial perivascular lymphocytic aggregation were shown in basement membrane after DNCB secondary painting and the large size capillaries in dermis were appeared. The infiltration of lymphocyte to epithelium, the vacuolation of epithelial cell and intercellular space were increased. The number of mast cell in dermis was increased and these shape is degranulation type. The number of IL-2 receptor positive cell was increased in dermis. As results indicated that the hypersensitivy of immune system were induced by DNCB, subsequently to damage evoke inflammation in skin.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.769-773
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• 1998

Brazilin was examined for its effects on the induction of immunological tolerance. Brazilin was administered to C57BL/6 female mice for 2 consecutive days before the immunization with high dose SRBC (109 cells) which can produce immunological tolerance. Delayed type hypersensitivity, IgM plaque forming cells, ConA induced IL-2 production and mitogen- or antigen-induced proliferation of lymphocytes were measured as evaluation parameters. Administration of brazilin prior to immunization could keep the DTH and IL-2 production almost optimaly immunized levels. Brazilin also inhibited the elevation of non-specific suppressor cell activity. ConA induced proliferation of splenocytes in high dose SRBC immunized mice was significantly decreased by pretreatment of brazilin. And this might be one of the reason for augmentation of DTH by brazilin. However, IgM plaque forming cells were not affected by the treatment of brazilin. These results indicate that brazilin prevents the induction of mmunological tolerance caused by high dose SRBC by suppressing the elevation of suppressor cell activity and by inhibiting the decrease in IL-2 production in C57BL/6 female mice.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 1990

This study was undertaken to evaluate the immune responses to sheep red blood cell (SRBC) and potential anti-tumor effect of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) in the mice bearing rumor induced by DMBA. The frequencies of tumor appearances were 62% in DMBA-treated mice and 14% in DMBA and BCG-treated group, respectively. Cellular immune response such as delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to SRBCs, natural killer (NK) cell activity and antigen-binding cell (ABC) assay were decreased apparently in the tumor bearing mice compared to the normal controls. Humoral immune responses such as hemagglutinin (HA) and hemolysin (HE) were noted to be reduced in the tumor bearing mice, but the spleen index increased in tumor bearing mice. All the immunological parameters in the DMBA and BCG-group appeared to be higher than those of only DMBA-treated group. These results indicated that DMBA-induced tumor suppressed host immune responses. Also, they imply the idea that BCG enhanced the immune responses of tumor-bearing host and antitumor effects.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 1993

Experimental studies were done to research the clinical effect of Woohwangporhyonghwan(minus REALGAR and CINNABARIS) and Saengnyosamultang on the Anti-allergie effect in rats and mice. The results obtained as follows: 1. (1) In the effects of Woohwangporhyonghwan(minus REALGAR and CINNABARIS) and Saengnyosamultang on vascular permeability responses to intradermal histamin in rats, Woohwangporhyonghwan(minus REALGAR and CINNABARIS) and Saengnyosamultang revealed significant effect. (2) In the effects of Woohwangporhyonghwan(minus REALGAR and CINNABARIS) and Saengnyosamultang on vascular permeability responses to intradermal serotonin in rats, Woohwangporhyonghwan(minus REALGAR and CINNABARIS) revealed significant effect. 2. In the 48 hour homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in rats provoked by the Ig E-like antibody against egg albumin, Woohwangporhyonghwan(minus REALGAR and CINNABARIS) and Saengnyosamultang revealed significant effect. 3. In the delayed type hypersensitivity responses to picryl chloride in mice, Woohwangporhyonghwan(minus REALGAR and CINNABARIS) revealed significant effect. 4. In the delayed type hypersensitivity responses to SRBC(Sheep Red Blood cell) in mice, Woohwangporhyonghwan(minus REALGAR and CINNABARIS) and Saengnyosamultang revealed significant effect. According to above-stated results, Woohwangporhyonghwan(minus REALGAR and CINNABARIS) and Saengnyosamultang were concluded to be effective as anti-allergic regimen and recommended to be used for treatment of allergic diseases.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.391-397
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• 2013

In the present study, we aimed to analyze the antinociceptive, immunomodulatory and antipyretic activities of nymphayol were investigated in wistar rats and mice. Antinociceptive effect was evaluated by acetic acid induced writhing, formalin induced paw licking and hot-plate tests. Immunomodulatory activity was assessed by neutrophil adhesion test, humoral response to sheep red blood cells, delayed-type hypersensitivity, phagocytic activity and cyclophosphamide induced myelosuppression. Antipyretic activity was evaluated by yeast induced hyperthermia in rats. Nymphayol produced significant (p<0.05) antinociceptive activity in acetic acid induced writhing response and late phase of the formalin induced paw licking response. Pre-treatment with nymphayol (50 mg/kg, oral) evoked a significant increase in neutrophil adhesion to nylon fibres. The augmentation of humoral immune response to sheep red blood cells by nymphayol (50 mg/kg) was evidenced by increase in antibody titres in rats. Oral administration of nymphayol (50 mg/kg) to rats potentiated the delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction induced by sheep red blood cells. Treatment with nymphayol showed a significant (p<0.05) reduction in pyrexia in rats. The results suggest that nymphayol possesses potent anti-nociceptive, immunomodulatory and antipyretic activities.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.27-37
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• 1994

This Experimental study was done to investigate the effect of the Taklisodok-um on the Anti-allergic response. The results were obtained as follows: 1. On vascular permeability response to the intradermal injected Histamine, the Taklisodok-um treated group revealed more significant decrease than control group. 2. On vascular permeability response to the intradermal injected Serotonin, the Taklisodok-um treated group revealed more significant decrease than control group. 3. In the 48hrs homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis provoked by the IgE-like antibody against white egg albumin, there was no significant difference between the Taklisodok-um treated group and control group. 4. The Taklisodok-um treated group revealed more significant inhibitory effect than control group in the delayed type hypersensitivity response to Picryl chloride. 5. The Taklisodok-um treated group revealed more significant inhibitory effect than control group in the delayed type hypersensitivity response to SRBC. According to the above-stated results, it is considered that the Taklisodok-um could be applied widely to the type I and IV allergic diseases.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.13-26
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• 1994

Experimental studies were done to research the clinical effects of Sipyungtang and Sipyungtang-gamibang (sipyungtang with Anemarrhenae Rhizoma added) on the Anti-allergic effect. The results obtained as follows; 1. In the effects of Sipyungtang and Sipyungtang-gamibang on vascular permeability responses to intradermal Histamine, Sipyungtang group revealed none significant effect, but Sipyungtang-gamibang group revealed significant effect. 2. In the effects of sipyungtang and Sipyungtang-gamibang on vascular permeability responses to intradermal serotonin, Sipyungtang group revealed none significant effect, but Sipyungtang-gamibang group revealed significant effect. 3. In the 48hrs homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis provoked by the IgE-like antibody against egg white albumin, Sipyungtang and Sipyungtang-gamibang groups revealed none significant effect. 4. In the delayed type hypersensitivity responses to Picryl Chloride, Sipyungtang and Sipyungtang-gamibang groups revealed none significant effect. 5. In the delayed type hypersensitivity responses to SRBC, Sipyung-tang and Sipyungtang-gamibang groups revealed significant effect.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.180-191
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• 2003

Objective & Methods : Experimental studies were done to research the clinical effects of Juglandis Semen aqua-acupuncture and acupuncture($BL_{13}{\cdot}BL_{17}$) on the anti-allergic response. anaphylaxis provoked by the compound48/80, delayed type hypersensitivity response to picryl chloride and SRBC and inflammation response to egg albumin. Results : The following results have been obtained; 1. Juglandis Semen aqua-acupuncture and acupuncture($BL_{13}{\cdot}BL_{17}$) group were increased the survival rate in compound 48/80 induced systemic anaphylactic reaction. 2. Picryl chloride induced contact dermatitis and delayed type hypersensitivity in SRBC challenged mouse were significantly decreased in Juglandis Semen aqua-acupuncture and acupuncture($BL_{13}{\cdot}BL_{17}$) group. 3. Inflammation response-WBC, CRP and Nitric Oxide in egg albumin induced allergic rat were significantly decreased in Juglandis Semen aqua-acupuncture and acupuncture($BL_{13}{\cdot}BL_{17}$) group. Conclusions : According to the above results, Semen aqua-acupuncture and acupuncture($BL_{13}{\cdot}BL_{17}$) both depress the allergy reaction.